• 논리연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

A semantics for logical necessity, based on Carnap's criterion of adequacy, is given with respect to the ontology of logical atomism. A calculus for sentential (propositional) modal logic is described and shown to be complete with respect to this semantics. The semantics is then modified in terms of a restricted notion of 'all possible worlds' in the interpretation of necessity and shown to yield a completeness theorem for the modal logic S5. Such a restricted notion introduces material content into the meaning of necessity so that, in addition to atomic facts, there are "modal facts" that distinguish one world from another.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제35호
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• pp.275-295
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• 2009

이 글은 그레이엄 (A. C. Graham)이 후기묵가의 저작인 "묵경"에서 보이는 필(必)과 선지(先知)를 각각 '논리적 필연성'과 '선험적 지식'(a priori knowledge)으로 보는 해석을 비판하기 위한 것이다. 그레이엄은 묵가의 논리학을 '이름과 대상을 짝짓는' '기술의 학'(論)과 '이름과 이름간의 관계를 따지는' '추론의 학'(辯)으로 나누고 특히 후자에 대해 비록 그것이 서구의 형식논리학은 아니지만, 유클리드 기하학과 같은 엄밀한 증명의 과정으로 보아야 한다고 하였다. 이러한 그의 주장들은 지식을 그 대상에 따라 명지(名知)와 합지(合知)로 나누어보는 데서 출발한다. 그러나 내가 보기에 기술의 학과 이름의 학은 후기묵가의 저작인 "묵경"안에서 명확히 구분될 수 없고, 게다가 묵가의 선지(先知)와 이 선지(先知)가 가진 필연성은 기본적으로 논리적 필연성이 아니라 규범적 필연성 및 경험적 필연성의 개념이다. 규범적 필연성은 중국의 정명(正名)사상에서 제시된 '규범적 정의이론'으로부터 기인하는 것이다. 규범적 정의이론이란 기술적 정의이론과는 달리 규범적으로 개념을 정의하는 것이다. 예컨대 '아버지는 자애롭다'의 정의는 형태는 기술적이나 사실은 '아버지는 자애로워야한다'의 규범적인 것이다. 이러한 규범적 정의이론을 통해 경험적 지식은 그것이 지식인한 당연히 필연적으로 오류 불가능임이 주장된다. 한마디로 묵가에서는 경험적 지식이 추론적 지식 혹은 선험적 지식보다 항상 더 우선적이기에 묵가의 선험적 지식은 사실 엄밀하게 선험적인 것이 아니고, 이러한 지식이 갖는 필연성도 규범적 필연성 및 경험적 필연성에 불과하다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.415-422
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the necessity of clinical nutrition education in the medical school curriculum. One hundred and eighty five medical school students, residents, nurses, and forty undergraduate students majoring in food science and nutrition were involved in this study. The survey included questions about nutritional knowledge, necessity of nutrition counseling, necessity of clinical nutrition and nutritional attitudes. The nutritional knowledge scores of the subjects in medical school and residents were significantly lower than those of the students majoring in food science and nutrition. Subjects of 91.3% strongly agreed to the necessity of nutrition counseling for patients ; 78.9% agreed that the present nutrition education in medical schools was inadequate. Most subjects (94.1%) agreed that clinical nutrition was an important field in the treatment of diseases. The medical profession is facing the challenges of the 1990s with the shift to outpatient care and preventative services. Clinical nutrition is an essential element in the process of curriculum change. The nutrition educator will be expected to take a leading role in integrating clinical nutrition into medical school curriculum.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.350-354
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• 2009

Y. R$\acute{e}$ball$\acute{e}$[Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol.157, pp.3025-2039, 2006] discussed the representation of necessity measure through the Choquet integral criterian. He also considered a decision maker who ranks necessity measures related with Choquet integral representation. Our motivation of this paper is that a decision maker have an "ambiguity" necessity measure to present preferences. In this paper, we discuss the representation of interval-valued necessity measures through the Choquet integral criterian.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1993년도 Fifth International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress 93
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• pp.1338-1341
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• 1993

We present here two Petri nets formalisms that can deal with uncertainty by the use of necessity-valued logic. The first and basic model, called necessity-valued Petri nets (NPN), can at the same time deal with uncertainty on markings are on transitions. The second model, called necessity-valued Petri nets (TNPN), is an extension of both NPN and timed Petri nets.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2014

Purpose : The objective of this study was to investigate the basis for effective introduction of home visiting physical therapy to provide basic information. Thus in our study, we investigated awareness, necessity and operation plan of home visiting physical therapy for patients and guardian. Method : We conducted a survey 172 and guardian. The questionnaire consisted of items for general characteristics, awareness, necessity and operation plan. Data was collected from 2013 november 1 to november 30. Based on the collected data of self-administered questionnaires, we analyzed for frequency of each questionnaire about awareness, necessity and operation plan of home visiting physical therapy. Result : The awareness for home visiting physical therapy. The necessity for home visiting physical therapy indicated a high result. The result for operation plan indicated a national program. Conclusion : Improving on people's awareness is needed, because the awareness about home visiting physical therapy was low but the need was high. In addition, government institutional arrangements will be needed for advanced medical services as soon as possible.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2008

I studied and analyzed current status about the necessity of Medical Oxygen Respiration First Aid when we perform first aid at emergency locations. As immediate and efficient first aid methods it is necessary to be able to use medical oxygen respiration equipments. I presented the basic data to develop and standardize education system on medical oxygen respiration first aid. Among those who were working at emergency locations in Korea from September 15th, 2005 to September 30th, 2005, I performed a survey on a professional group of 75 people and a non-professional group of 132 people. The results of the survey are summarized as follows. 1) There was difference between the professional group and the non-professional group on recognition about whether general public can perform medical oxygen respiration first aid(p<0.05). 2) On the necessity of medical oxygen respiration first aid, 93.2% of the total answered it is necessary and 6.8% answered it is unnecessary, so both groups thought it is very necessary(p>0.05). 3) On the importance of medical oxygen respiration first aid, 95.2% of the total answered it is important and 4.8% answered it is unimportant, so both groups thought it is very important(p>0.05). 4) On correspondence on necessity and importance of medical oxygen respiration first aid, there was a difference in thoughts between the professional group and the non-professional group(p<0.05). 5) On the necessity of education on medical oxygen respiration first aid, 98.1% of the total answered it is necessary and 1.9% answered it is unnecessary, so both groups thought it is very necessary(p>0.05).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of hypersensitiveness in accident reports and usefulness on admission of atomic power generation. By the result of study we can look forward to understanding obstacles and promotion factors in constructing atomic power plants. The results of hypothesis testing can be summarized as follows: First, the hypothesis that hypersensitiveness in accident reports has a plus effect on reliability is accepted. Secondly, the hypothesis that hypersensitiveness in accident reports has a plus effect on anxiety is accepted. Thirdly, the hypothesis that reliability has a plus effect on anxiety is accepted. Fourthly, the hypothesis that reliability has a minus effect on receptiveness is accepted. Fifthly, the hypothesis that anxiety has a minus effect on receptiveness is accepted. Sixthly, the hypothesis that usefulness has a minus effect on necessity is accepted. Seventhly, the hypothesis that usefulness has a plus effect on receptiveness is rejected. Eighthly, the hypothesis that necessity has a minus effect on receptiveness is accepted.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2001

This study focused on the necessity and structural framework of tentative draft of "Act on Family Welfare". The background of this study started from the necessity that we need a holistic family welfare system to enhance the family function. The suggested act of family welfare is consisted on 4 parts, General Provisions, Arrangements of Basic Plan and Policy, Organizations and Facilities for Family Wefare and certified Personnel.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the understanding of middle school students on the meaning of proof and to suggest a teaching method to improve their understanding based on three levels identified by Kunimune as follows: Level I to think that experimental method is enough for justifying proof, Level II to think that deductive method is necessary for justifying proof, Level III to understand the meaning of deductive system. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, only 13% of 8th graders and 22% of 9th graders are on level II. Second, although about 50% students understand the meaning of hypothesis, conclusion, and proof, they can't understand the necessity of deductive proof. This conclusion implies that the necessity of deductive proof needs to be taught to the middle school students. One of the teaching methods on the necessity of proof is to compare the nature of experimental method and deductive proof method by providing their weak and strong points respectively.