• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.408-421
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• 2019

This study estimated and analyzed the incremental profits to compare the imported buff-tailed bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, and their pollination alternatives. A result of the analysis showed that the incremental profit, which is defined as the sales revenue minus the common production cost, was higher when using pollinator insects than when using the artificial pollination and that the incremental costs were lower when using domestic bumblebees or artificial pollination than when using imported bumblebees or honeybees. The incremental profits of each alternative were 46,801 million won for imported bumblebees, 47,170 million won for domestic bumblebees, 46,975 million won for honeybees, and 29,839 million won for artificial pollination. The incremental profit means the accounting profit that can be realized from each alternative. However, not all of the accounting profits can be attributed to pollen-mediated alternatives since they include potential costs such as imputed rent or normal profits. Considering the opportunity costs, which are the potential costs, it appears that the alternative of using imported bumblebees can lead to an economic loss. It means that fruit and vegetable farmers can expect additional economic profits if they choose other alternatives instead of using imported bumblebees.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.113-126
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• 1992

It is discussed how a supplier should design a quantity discount pricing schedule for multiple buyers. It is emphasized that nor only the supplier's surplus but also each buyer's surplus resultant from quantity discount should be considered in designing price schedule. It is shown that if the supplier's quantity pricing schedule is based on his/her profit function, each buyer's surplus may be maximized. And it is also shown that when the supplier's main benefit comes from the reduced number of setups, the incremental discount schedule satisfies the requirement. Formulas to determine values of parameters of the incremental discount schedule are provided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

Fair Allocation of profits or costs arising from joint participation by multiple individuals or entities with different purposes is essential for their continuing involvement and for their dissatisfaction reduction. In this research, fair allocation of the profits of forming a grand coalition in Three-Echelon Supply Chain (TESC) game that is composed of manufacturer, distributor and retailer, is studied. In particular, the solutions of the proportional method of profit, the proportional method of marginal profit, and Shapley value based on cooperative game theory are proved to be in the desirable characteristics of the core. The proportional method of profit and the proportional method of marginal profit are often used because of their ease of application. These methods distribute total profit in proportion to profits or marginal profits of each game participant. In addition, Shapley value can be defined as the average marginal profit when one game player is added at a time. Even though the calculation of the average of all possible marginal profits is not simple, Shapley value are often used as a useful method. Experiments have shown that the solution of the incremental method, which calculates the marginal cost of adding game players in the order of manufacturers, distributors and retailers, does not exist in the core.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.465-475
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• 2018

Recently, as the use of social media and IoT has increased, large graph streams has been generating and studies on real-time processing for them have been actively carrying out. In this paper we propose a incremental graph stream processing scheme that reuses previous result data when the graph changes continuously. We also propose a cost model to selectively perform incremental processing and static processing. The proposed cost model computes the predicted value of the detection cost and the processing cost of the recalculation area based on the actually processed history and performs the incremental processing when the incremental processing is more profit than the static processing. The proposed incremental processing increases the efficiency by processing only the part that changes when the graph update occurs. Also, by collecting only the previous result data of the changed part and performing the incremental processing, the disk I/O costs are reduced. It is shown through various performance evaluations that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

There are two methods for evaluating two or more mutually exclusive projects. One is a total investment approach and the other is an incremental investment approach. The former can rank projects by the criterion of the net present value, but the latter can't do it. An incremental investment approach is only possible when all pairwise alternatives are compared. Thus an incremental investment approach is superior in ranking them over an incremental investment approach. To do so, a principle of comparison must be established. Comparisons of profitability are reasonable when operating the same amount of investment over the same period of time. One principle is that all projects are invested in the largest of the projects. Another principle is that all projects are invested during the longest project life of the projects. In this paper, even if the principle is followed, it will be shown that the external rate of return fails to rank them. However, the productive rate of return criterion would prove to be able to rank them like the net present value standard, provided that the principle of comparison is kept. In addition, rate of returns can be assessed so that all mutually exclusive projects can be compared at once, such as on the criterion of the net present value. That is, it can be also compared with many other returns, such as the profit rates on financial investments or real investments.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2012

The market competition of express package deliveries in Korea is severe because a large number of companies have entered into the market. This study thus suggests an approach to the reconfiguration of express service networks with respect to the strategy partnership of closing/keeping service centers among companies involved and the adjustments of their cutoff times. For this we propose an integer programming model and a genetic algorithm based solution procedure for allowing companies involved to maximize their incremental profit. An illustrative numerical example is presented to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the proposed model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5125-5129
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• 2012

Economic decision models are being increasingly used to assess medical interventions. Advances in this field are mainly due to enhanced processing capacity of computers, availability of specific software to perform the necessary tasks, and refined mathematical techniques. We here estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of ten strategies for colon cancer screening, as well as no screening, incorporating quality of life, noncompliance and data on the costs and profit of chemotherapy in Iran. We used a Markov model to measure the costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy of a 50-year-old average-risk Iranian without screening and with screening by each test. In this paper, we tested the model with data from the Ministry of Health and published literature. We considered costs from the perspective of a health insurance organization, with inflation to 2011, the Iranian Rial being converted into US dollars. We focused on three tests for the 10 strategies considered currently being used for population screening in some Iranians provinces (Kerman, Golestan Mazandaran, Ardabil, and Tehran): low-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test, performed annually; fecal immunochemical test, performed annually; and colonoscopy, performed every 10 years. These strategies reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer by 39%, 60% and 76%, and mortality by 50%, 69% and 78%, respectively, compared with no screening. These approaches generated ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios) of $9067, $654 and $8700 per QALY (quality-adjusted life year), respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the influence of various scales on the economic evaluation of screening. The results were sensitive to probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Colonoscopy every ten years yielded the greatest net health value. Screening for colon cancer is economical and cost-effective over conventional levels of WTP8.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2016

This paper demonstrates that centralized economic load dispatch optimization is much more economical than independent optimization carried out by individual power generating companies. The algorithm applied here optimizes by balancing the generation power at the valve-point, then readjusting generation power by comparing incremental operating cost incurred by marginal increase in the generation power and decremental operating cost likewise incurred by marginal decrease in the generation power. Upon comparing 3 individual optimization cases of 10, 13, and 40 generators respectively with centralized optimization of 63 generators, centralized operation for economic load dispatch optimization has proven to maximize economic benefits by markedly reducing operation costs of individual optimization.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2010

As express courier market expands rapidly, companies are exposed to fierce competition. To cope with struggle for their survival, they are continuously making efforts to improve their service system. Even if most of service centers are directly linked to a consolidation terminal in courier service network, some of them with regional disadvantages are operated in milk run type from/to the consolidation terminal, which is a traditional PDP (Pick-up and Delivery Problem). This study suggests an approach to solve the PDP with the objective of maximizing the incremental profit, which belongs to PTP (Profitable Tour Problem) class. After the PTP is converted to TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) with the same objective, a heuristic algorithm based on GA (Genetic Algorithm) is developed and examined through an example problem in practice of a courier service company in Korea.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.327-340
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the information effect of securities firm's net operating capital, securities firm's regulatory purposes capital, by analyzing the value relevance of net operating capital. Design/methodology/approach - This study was empirically analyzed using samples of domestic listed securities firms in the past 12 years, and multiple regression analysis and Vuong (1989) test were used together as specific research methods. Findings - First, it was found that the net operating capital of securities firms has an incremental value relevance that is added to basic accounting information (equity book value, profit or loss information). Second, after classifying equity capital on the books into net operating capital and the rest of equity capital, the value relevance of net operating capital was significantly higher than that of other equity capital. Research implications or Originality - The results of this study indicate that the level of regulatory capital in the securities industry can be used in the process of evaluating firm value in the capital market, and it is significant in that capital market evaluation can be stratified according to regulatory purposes.