• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.205-212
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• 2022

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating chronic disorder characterized by suprapubic pain and urinary symptoms such as urgency, nocturia, and frequency. The prevalence of IC/BPS is increasing as diagnostic criteria become more comprehensive. Conventional pharmacotherapy against IC/BPS has shown suboptimal effects, and consequently, patients with end-stage IC/BPS are subjected to surgery. The novel treatment strategies should have two main functions, anti-inflammatory action and the regeneration of glycosaminoglycan and urothelium layers. Stem cell therapy has been shown to have dual functions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option for IC/BPS, but they come with several shortcomings, such as immune activation and tumorigenicity. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) hold numerous therapeutic cargos and are thus a viable cell-free therapeutic option. In this review, we provide a brief overview of IC/BPS pathophysiology and limitations of the MSC-based therapies. Then we provide a detailed explanation and discussion of therapeutic applications of EVs in IC/BPS as well as the possible mechanisms. We believe our review will give an insight into the strengths and drawbacks of EV-mediated IC/BPS therapy and will provide a basis for further development.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment on interstitial cystitis. Methods: The patient diagnosed with Interstitial cystitis/Bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) was treated with Korean medicine treatment during 22 days of hospitalization. The patient received Korean medicine treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, cupping and extracorporeal magnetic stimulation therapy. The effect of treatment on IC/BPS was evaluated through the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), voiding diary, and Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index/Problem Index (ICSI/ICPI). Results: After the treatment, the clinical symptoms of IC/BPS such as pelvic pain, pelvic pressure, frequent urination and urinary urgency were improved. Also, the patient had better scores in ICSI/ICPI. Conclusions: This case report proved that the Korean medicine treatment may be effective for improving clinical symptoms of IC/BPS. However, a large-scale clinical study is needed in the future to prove the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment for IC/BPS.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.108-134
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• 1989

본 고는 현재 공중회선망을 이용한 PC 통신에 필수장비인 모뎀을 구성하는 2,400bps Modem Chip Set을 비교하였다. 현재 널리 사용되는 Modem Chip Set들은 주로 2-3개 Chip으로 구성되며, 이것들을 사용하여 완전한 2,400bps Modem을 구성할 수 있다. 이러한 모뎀용 IC는 PC통신뿐만 아니라 휴대용 Terminal, 차량추적시스팀, 휴대용 전화기, 각종 원격검침계량기 등에서와 같이 그 사용범위가 다양화되고 있는 추세이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1380-1386
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• 2011

The request of interrupt accompanies a context switching. If the interrupt is frequently requested, this overhead of context switching can reduce seriously the performance of embedded systems. In order to reduce processing overhead due to frequently requested communication interrupts at Asynchronous Serial Communication, this paper introduces the method of Expanded Asynchronous Serial Communication with the Interrupt Coalescence(IC) that accumulates a fixed number of interrupts and processes them in one time. we implement the existing Asynchronous Serial Communication that requests communication interrupts by one byte at an LN2440SBC embedded board with a uC/OS-II and compare interrupt processing time for the performance evaluation about proposed method. As a result, the communication interrupt processing time of proposed method appears in case of low speed(9,600 bps), the decline of an average 25.18% at transmission, the decline of an average 41.47% at reception. and in case of hight speed(115,200 bps), the decline of an average 16.67% at transmission, the decline of an average 25.61% at reception.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.94-96
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• 2024

Pseudarthrobacter sp. IC2-21 is isolated from the greenhouse soil in Icheon, Gyeonggi, Korea. This strain IC2-21 is a first fluquinconazole degrading soil bacterium. We analyze the whole genome sequence of Pseudarthrobacter sp. IC2-21. The sequence analysis revealed that Pseudarthrobacter sp. IC2-21 possesses a single 4,265,009 bps circular chromosome with a DNA G+C-content of 65.4%. This chromosome contains 3,942 protein-coding sequences and 12 rRNA and 51 tRNA genes. In the result of sequence analysis, it is revealed that strain IC2-21 possessed genes coding the triazole pesticides degradation related enzymes, such as oxygenase, and fluquinconazole degradation related genes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7B
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• pp.1342-1350
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• 1999

In this paper, we have developed and analyzed the 2.45GHz microwave RFID system. Which is composed tag and interrogator using custom IC, and we have made the software driving the hardware for the bidirectional data transmission method. Using 3.6V power supply was used, the optimal identification range in the information transmission of the designed microwave RFID system operating at 9,600bps was l0m. In the control circuit of the tag, the low current consumption of 15$mutextrm{A}$ and the tag data transmission rate of 90% when the moving velocity was 80km/h.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.38-45
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• 1994

It is very imprtant and necessary to predict luminous enviroment in an interior space. This paper has de scribed about energy saving and evaluated interior visual environment in a office building having on/off turning control lighting system utilizing daylight. In order to predict the interior varior illumination distribution, the scale model w a m~a de and examined under various conditions, such ad difference of window glass, and color pattern of wall, floor, and also ceiling lighting system type. Ths paper suggests that basic fundamental data of lighting design ~rformancein the concept and schematic stages of design.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.6
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• pp.817-824
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• 1997

Extracellular ATP elicits various biological responses and plays a significant role in physiological regulation. Recently, ATP-induced growth inhibitions were reported in some tumor cell lines, but these effects and mechanisms are not well hewn. This study was conducted to investigate ATP-induced growth inhibition in mouse $leukemic(P388D_1)$ cells. ATP inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner as analyzed by MTS assay$(IC_{50}: 33.1\;{\mu}M)$. Nucleotides other than ATP, such as ADP$(37.5;{\mu}M)$ and AMP$(33.2;{\mu}M)$ had the same effects as ATP but adenosine$(57.8;{\mu}M)$ showed less effect than ATP. ATP attenuated the cells in $G_0/G_l\;and\;G_2/M$ phases but increased those in S phase in flow cytometric analysis. Hypodiploid cells$(A_0)$, the presumptive findings of apoptosis, were found among the ATP-treated cells. ATP induced DNA fragmentation into $180{\mu}200\;bps $as measured by electrophoresis. some apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL method. ATP increased the intracellular free $Ca^{++}$concentration$([Ca^{++}]_i)$ and the increment of $([Ca^{++}]_i)$ was caused by influx from the extracellular space. These results suggest that extracellular ATP induces growth inhibition through apoptosis.