• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1023-1034
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• 2020

Complement fragment iC3b serves as a major opsonin for facilitating phagocytosis via its interaction with complement receptors CR3 and CR4, also known by their leukocyte integrin family names, αMβ2 and αXβ2, respectively. Although there is general agreement that iC3b binds to the αM and αX I-domains of the respective β2-integrins, much less is known regarding the regions of iC3b contributing to the αX I-domain binding. In this study, using recombinant αX I-domain, as well as recombinant fragments of iC3b as candidate binding partners, we have identified two distinct binding moieties of iC3b for the αX I-domain. They are the C3 convertase-generated N-terminal segment of the C3b α'-chain (α'NT) and the factor I cleavage-generated N-terminal segment in the CUBf region of α-chain. Additionally, we have found that the CUBf segment is a novel binding moiety of iC3b for the αM I-domain. The CUBf segment shows about a 2-fold higher binding activity than the α'NT for αX I-domain. We also have shown the involvement of crucial acidic residues on the iC3b side of the interface and basic residues on the I-domain side.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1385-1392
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• 2011

It is well known that both insulin-like growth factor-I and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) are known to modulate various aspects of physiology in skeletal muscle cells. Furthermore, although SOCS-3 expression is related to insulin resistance in non-skeletal muscle cells and is known to interact with insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, the effect of IGF-I on SOCS-3 gene expression in skeletal muscle cells is presently unknown. C2C12 myotubes were treated with different concentrations (0-200 ng/ml) of IGF-I or for various periods of time (3-72 hr). Immunofluorescent staining image revealed that IGF-I induced SOCS-3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot data also showed that SOCS-3 proteins were induced by IGF-I (200 ng/ml) in C2C12 myotubes in a time-dependent manner. The level of SOCS-3 mRNA was also significantly increased after 3hr of IGF-I (10-100 ng/ml) treatment. However, the levels of SOCS-3 mRNA were significantly decreased after 24 and 48 hr of IGF-I (10-100 ng/ml) treatment compared to the control. In conclusion, SOCS-3 protein is induced by IGF-I treatment in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and this induction is regulated pretranslationally. The modulating effect of IGF-I on SOCS-3 expression may be an important regulator of gene expression in skeletal muscle cells.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 1988

본문에서는 현대전에 있어서 군전력의 핵심이 되는 지휘. 통제, 통신 및 정보(C3I)체계에 대하여 논의코자 한다. 먼저 C3I에 대한 이해를 돕기 위하여 C3I 체계의 기능과 계층별 구조 및 그 운용 개념등을 설명하였다. 우리나라의 C3I체계 구현을 위해서 선진국의 C3I체계 개발 현황을 소개하였고 소요 핵심 기술과 특히 연구 개발자를 위한 군요구 정의 방안을 제시하였다. 끝으로 체계 개발을 위한 점진적 개선 방안을 건의 하였고 군 전력 승수(force multiplier)로써의 C3I 역할을 설명하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.32-38
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• 2002

The synthesis of $CF_3$I and $C_2F_5I from $CF_3Br$ was studied for the reuse of $CF_3Br$ which is abolished to save the ozone layer of the earth. Reaction experiments were carried out in experimental scale synthesis equipment with catalysts, such as CuI, Kl, $K_2$$CO_3$, KF metal salt/active carbon and alumina support at $400~600^{\circ}C$. Main products of reaction were $CF_3i$ and $C_2F_5I$ with small amounts of $C_2F_5I$, $CF_4$, $CF_2Br_2$ by-products. 7.5wt% KI and $K_2CO_3$over activated carbon catalysts show the highest yield of $CF_3$I and 7.5wt% CuI over alumina catalysts show the highest yield of $C_2F_5i$. And optimal reaction temperature was about $500^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1999

Ar 기류 하에서 Re(N-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)2Cl3(py) (1)과 propionaldehyde (C2H5CHO)가 반응하여 생성된 혼합물에서, [cis-ReCl4(py)(N-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)·(NH2-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)] (2)가 분리되었다. 이 화합물의 구조가 X-ray 회절법으로 규명되었다. 착물 2의 결정학 자료: 단사정계 공간군 P21/n, a=11.555(1) Å, b=27.066(3) Å, c=11.881(1) Å, β=117.991(8)°, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0332(0.0851.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2005

Background : Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a specific marker of myocardial injury. It is known that a higher level of cTnI is associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome. An elevation in cTnI is also observed in various noncardiac critical illnesses. This study evaluated whether cTnI is useful for predicting the prognosis in noncardiac critically ill patients. Methods : From June 2003 to July 2004 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital, we enrolled 215 patients (male:142, female:73, mean age:$63{\pm}15$ years ) who were admitted for critical illness other than acute coronary syndrome at the medical intensive care unit(ICU). The severity score of critical illness (SAPS II and SOFA) was determined and serum cTnI level was measured within 24 hours after admission to the ICU. The mortality rate was compared between the cTnI-positive (${\geq}0.1{\mu}g/L$) and cTnI-negative ($cTnI<0.1{\mu}g/L$) patients at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU. The mean cTnI value was compared between the survivors and non-survivors at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU in the cTnI-positive patients. The correlation between cTnI and the severity of the critical illness score (SAPS II and SOFA) was also analyzed in cTnI-positive patients. Results : 1) The number of cTnI-negative and positive patients were 95(44%) and 120(56%), respectively. 2) The mortality rate at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU was significantly higher in the cTnI-positive patients (29%, 41%) than in the cTnI-negative patients (12%, 21%)(p<0.01). 3) In the cTnI-positive patients, the mean value of the cTnI at the $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ day after admission to the ICU was significantly higher in the non-survivors ($4.5{\pm}9.2{\mu}g/L$, $3.5{\pm}7.9{\mu}g/L$) than in the survivors($1.8{\pm}3.6{\mu}g/L$, $2.0{\pm}3.9{\mu}g/L$) (p < 0.05). 4) In the cTnI-positive patients, the cTnI level was significantly correlated with the SAPS II score (r=0.24, p<0.001) and SOFA score (r=0.30, p<0.001). Conclusion : The cTnI may be a useful prognostic marker in noncardiac critically ill patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.495-499
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• 2009

Although insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and androgen receptor (AR) are well known effectors of skeletal muscle, the molecular mechanism by which signaling pathways integrating AR and IGF-I in skeletal muscle cells has not been previously examined. In this study, the role of PI3K/Akt on IGF-I-induced gene expression and activation of AR in skeletal muscle cells was investigated. C2C12 cells were treated with IGF-I in the absence or presence of inhibitors of PI3K/Akt pathway (LY294002 and Wortmannin). Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway with LY294002 or Wortmannin led to a significant decrease in IGF-I-induced AR phosphorylation and total AR protein expression. Furthermore, IGF-I-induced AR mRNA and skeletal ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA were blocked by LY294002 or Wortmannin. Confocal images showed that IGF-I-induced AR translocation from cytosol to nucleus was inhibited significantly in response to treatment with LY294002 or Wortmannin. The present results suggest that modulating effect of IGF-I on AR gene expression and activation in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells is mediated at least in part by the PI3K/Akt pathway.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.923-931
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• 2011

In the present study, we investigated the effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural compound present in vegetables, on the cell migration and invasion of OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. Our results indicated that I3C inhibited the proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells, a process which was associated with inhibition of cell motility as determined by wound healing experiments and cell invasion studies. I3C treatment increased the tightness of the tight junctions (TJs), which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and a decrease in paracellular permeability. The RT-PCR and immunoblotting results indicated that I3C repressed the levels of claudin-3 as well as claudin-4, proteins that comprise a major part of TJs and play a key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Furthermore, the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were also decreased by treatment with I3C, which was connected with the down-regulation of their mRNAs and protein expression. The results suggest that I3C may be expected to inhibit cancer cell metastasis and invasion by restoring TJs and decreasing MMP activity in ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2006

To understand the comprehensive mechanisms of biological function for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in vertebrates, we have investigated the cDNA sequence of this gene in the korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). The mature form of korean rockfish IGF-I was found to be comprised of 67 amino acid residues, showing about a 7 kDa molecular weight. In this study, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to obtain a korean rockfish IGF-I (KR IGF-I) cDNA fragment, and methods of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to obtain a full length of the KR IGF-I sequence. The KR IGF-I encoded for a predicted amino acid sequence showed identities of 93.6 %, 90.7 %, and 85.4 % in comparison with flounder, chinook salmon, and human IGF-I, respectively. To obtain recombinant biologically active polypeptides, korean rockfish B-C-A-D domains were amplified using the PCR, then the isolated cDNA was expressed in the E. coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant KR IGF-I protein biological function was measured by stimulation of [$^3H$] thymidine incorporation, suggesting the cDNA codes for the korean rockfish proIGF-I.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

In the intestinal mucosa, mast cells are thought to be responsible for the expulsion of parasites. We investigated the relationship of worm expulsion and mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice infected with Echinostoma hortense. In addition, we examined whether the worm recovery rate was associated with the strain of mice, and whether a toluidine stain and immunohistochemistry using the c-kit antibody was effective in the detection of mast cells. In order to investigate the mucosal immune response of C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice, each mouse was infected orally with 30 E. hortense metacercariae. Then, the number of mucosal mast cells and worm recovery rates was observed in experimentally infected mouse strains between 1 week and 8 weeks post infection (PI). Mucosal mast cells were increased in 3 weeks P.I. in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice. On the other hand, only mucosal goblet cells and worm recovery rates correlated in C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0482). Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were 65.7$\pm$5.6, 53.3$\pm$5.4 and 6.7$\pm$0.6 in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and strongly decreased in week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in BALB/c mice were 23.0$\pm$2.5, 10.0$\pm$1.0, and 6.7$\pm$0.6% in week 1, 2, and 3 P.I. and gradually decreased from week 1 P.I. to week 3 P.I. Worm recoveries in C3H/HeN mice were significantly higher than in BALB/c mice (P<0.00l). The number of mast cells in C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice using the anti-c-kit antibody reached to a peak in week 3 P.I. and recovered as normal level in week 5 P.I. and 6 P.I. The number in E. hortense-infected C3H/HeN mice (P=0.0015) was higher than in E. hortense-infected BALB/c mice (P=0.01) compared with the control group. There were significant differences in the number of mast cells among regions of the intestine in in C3H/HeN mice (P<0.05) but not in BALB/c mice (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was significant method as an examination of the number of mast cells (P=0.0002). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that mast cells play an important role in worm recovery, and immunohistochemistry using the anti-c-kit antibody was superior to toluidine stain as an examination of mast cells.