• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.965-970
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• 2002

부산시내 초등학교 급식소에 HACCP 제도를 조기 구축하기 위하여 현 초등학교에서 사용하고 있는 급식기구를 스텐, 나무, 플라스틱 등 대표적 3가지 재질로 분류하여 이들 기구의 소독실태를 분석하였다. 이들 급식기구 표면의 위생상태는 생균수ㆍ대장균군수.살모넬라균수 측정을 통해 확인되었고, 급식 기구 재질에 따른 소독효과는 소독제의 농도와 처리 시간을 달리한 대장균의 소독효과 실험으로 파악되었다. 급식기구 표면의 위생상태를 검사한 결과 위생도마를 제외한 급식기구들에서 $10^4$~$10^{5}$ CFU/100m$^2$의 세균이 검출되어 여전히 학교 급식소의 위생수준이 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 대장균군수의 경우는 대부분의 급식기구에서 검출되지 않았으나, 스테인레스 급식기구 중 야채절단기와 탈피기에서는 2.8X$10^1$CFU/100 $cm^2$ 및 1.1X$10^1$CFU/100$cm^2$의 대장균군수가 검출되어 즉시 시정이 요구되어졌다. 급식기구 재질에 따른 대장균의 소독효과 실험결과, 스테인레스 및 나무재질의 급식기구 소독에는 sodium hypochlorite를 유효염소농도 200ppm으로 희석하여 3분가량 소독하는 것이 적합하였고, 플라스틱 급식기구의 소독에는 100ppm 농도로 3분 또는 200ppm 농도로 1분 가량 소독하는 것이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 70% ethylalcohol의 경우는 스테인레스 재질의 급식기구 소독에는 10초가 적합하였고, 나무.플라스틱 재질에는 30초가 적합하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2015

폴리페닐렌옥사이드(PPO)와 폴리에테르이미드(PEI)에 대해 각각 설폰화(SPPO) 및 아민화(APEI) 반응이 이루어졌다. SPPO와 APEI의 특성평가를 위하여 FTIR, 열무게분석(TGA), 팽윤도, 이온교환용량(IEC) 및 이온전도도 등에 대한 측정을 하였다. 표면불소화를 실시한 후 표면불소화된 SPPO와 APEI 막과 불소화하지 않은 막과의 차이점을 알아보기 위하여 위에서 실시한 특성평가를 다시 수행하여 비교하였다. SPPO막의 이온교환용량을 고정시킨 후 APEI의 이온교환용량을 변경하면서 전체적으로 3개 유형의 바이폴라막을 제조하였고, 이를 차염소산 발생을 위하여 여러 전류밀도 하에서 저농도 및 고농도 소금용액에 적용하였다. 표면불소화된 막의 차염소산 생성 농도는 APEI의 이온교환용량에 의존하며 $80mA/m^2$에서 차염소산 농도 491-692 ppm의 결과를 얻었으며, $5mA/m^2$에서 18-28 ppm의 차염소산 농도를 나타내었으며 내구성이 매우 상승된 것을 보여 주었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.104-114
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement(Ketacfil, ESPE, Co.) against dentin surface which had been treated with surface conditioning agents(distilled water, 5% sodium hypochlorite solution, Ketac - conditioner, 40% polyacrylic acid). In this study, 60 human molars with sound and healthy crown portion which were previously extracted for orthodontic or periodontal problem. The dentin surfaces of these teeth were exposed with wet trimmer and polished with 150 - grit and 600 - grit silicon carbide paper and the teeth were divided into four groups(15 teeth per group) according to the following surface conditioning methods. Group I : Surface treatment with distilled water as control group. Group II : Surface conditioning with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Group III : Surface conditioning with Ketac conditioner. Group IV : Surface conditioning with 40% polyacrylic acid. The shear bond strengths were measured by Autograph(Shimatzu Co. Japan). The result of the evaluations were then subjected to statistical analysis using one - way analysis of variance and Duncan test and the results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength accrding to the dentin surface conditioning conditions was highest in Ketac conditioner group, with measurements of $44.44{\pm}0.74(kg/cm^2)$ and lowest in the distilled water group, with measurements of $28.84{\pm}0.88(kg/cm^2)$. 2. Statistically significant differences were found between surface conditioning with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution group or Ketac conditioner group and distilled water group(P<0.01). 3. Also, statistically significant difference was found between surface conditioning with distilled water group and 40% polyacrylic acid group(P<0.05). 4. Overall difference in statistical significance between the groups was not found (P<0.05). 5. Fractured dentin surface treated with conditioning solutions showed cohesive fracture. 6. Distilled water group and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution group removed the smear layer less effectively. 7. Conditioning dentin with Ketac conditioner and 40% polyacrylic acid resulted in the removal of a significant amount of the smear layer without removing the tubular plugs and dissolving the peritubular dentin.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.884-886
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• 1995

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2006

The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the rusty-root ginseng. This isolated bacteria were occurred the rusty-root ginseng with artificial inoculation. For the suppressing of rusty-ginseng, disinfectants, antibiotics, kitosan, micro-organisms and metabolites were tested to isolated endophytic bacterium. All of the isolated bacteria strains were sensitive sodium hypochlorite, however, some of isolated bacteria lines were sensitive to other tested materials. For example, D (didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), CIO$_2$, ODDA (octyldecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride + diocyul dimethyl ammonium chloride + alkyl diethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), GD (glutaraldehyde + dimethy cocobenzyl ammonium chloride) suppressed some of bacteria strains. Otherwise, some of antibiotics (e.g. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, rifampin, streptomycin, tetracycline) were sensitive to the isolated bacteria strains. All of isolated bacteria strainswere inhibitive to the mixed formation with neomycin and streptomycin, and neomycin and tetracycline. Both sodium hypochlorite and antibiotic mixing of neomycin and tetracycline were effective to prevention of rusty-root ginseng of sub-merging ginseng in the ginseng field.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of intracana1 medication on the clinical symptoms and the number of visits before canal filling in endodontic treatment The experimental teeth was divided into three groups. The teeth of group 1 was irrigated with saline solution and the teeth of group 2 was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite during biomechanical preparation. The intracanal medicament was not applied in the canals of group 1 and group 2. The teeth of group 3 was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide during canal enlargement and applied formocresol as intracanal medicament after drying the root canals with paper points. The incidence of interappintment pain and percussion pain after 1 st visit and the number of appointments before canal filling was examined, and the results was statistically compared. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of interappointment pain and percussion pain and the number of visits before canal filling was not effected by the types of irrigant and the use of the intracanal medicament 2. There was no significant difference in the incidence of interappintment pain arid percussion pain and the number of appointement before canal filling between vital teeth and non vital teeth, and also between single rooted teeth and multirooted teeth. 3. The use of formocresol as intracanal medicament was not able to aid the elimination of clinical symptoms and to decrease the number of appointment before canal filling.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2007

The effect of an electrochemically generated oxidation-reduction potential and electric pulse on ethanol production and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26603 was experimented and compared with effects of electron mediators (neutral red, benzyl viologen, and thionine), chemical oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite), chemical reductants (sulfite and nitrite), oxygen, and hydrogen. The oxidation (anodic) and reduction (cathodic) potential and electric pulse activated ethanol production and growth, and changed the total soluble protein pattern of the test strain. Neutral red electrochemically reduced activated ethanol production and growth of the test strain, but benzyl viologen and thionine did not. Nitrite inhibited ethanol production but did not influence growth of the test strain. Hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, and sulfite did not influence ethanol production and growth of the test strain. Hydrogen and oxygen also did not influence the growth and ethanol production. It shows that the test strain may perceive electrochemically generated oxidation-reduction potential and electric pulse as an environmental factor.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.454-459
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• 2010

This study investigated the applicability of manganese coated media such as manganese coated sand (MCS), manganese coated sericite (MCSe) and manganese coated starfish material calcined at $550^{\circ}C$ (MCSf) to remove Mn(II) in synthetic wastewater. Manganese coated media prepared at different pH was applied in the treatment of soluble Mn(II) in batch and column experiments at various Mn(II) concentrations. The amount of Mn coated on three different media was approximately 800~1100 mg/kg. From the stability test, negligible dissolution of Mn was observed above pH 3.0. In batch test, more than 40% of Mn(II) was removed by all sand media at various manganese concentrations. In order to see the effect of additional oxidant for the removal of Mn(II), 4 mg/L of hypochlorite was added in Mn(II) solution during column experiment. Breakthrough of Mn(II) was greatly retarded in the presence of hypochlorite in all column reactors packed with different media. Among the manganese coated media, MCSf prepared at pH 4 indicated the highest removal capacity. The removal efficiency of Mn(II) was also increased in the multi-layer system (0.5 g of MCS, MCSe, and MCSf each).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2012

The use of suitable sanitizers can increase the quality of fresh-cut produce and reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. The objective of this study was to compare the washing effects of 100 mg/L sodium hypochlorite (SH) and 500 mg/L acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) on the prevention of enzymatic browning and the growth of microbial populations, including aerobic plate counts, E. coli, and coliforms, throughout storage at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$. Fresh-cut zucchini, cucumbers, green bell peppers, and root vegetables such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, and radishes were used. Compared to SH washing, ASC washing significantly (p<0.05) reduced microbial contamination on the fresh-cut produce and prevented browning of fresh-cut potatoes and sweet potatoes during storage. More effective inhibition of aerobic plate counts and coliforms growth was observed on fresh-cut produce treated with ASC during storage at $10^{\circ}C$. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of fresh-cut potatoes and sweet potatoes was more effectively inhibited after washing with ASC. The use of 500 mg/L ASC can provide effective antimicrobial and anti-browning treatments of fresh-cut produce, including processed root vegetables.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1989

Research was conducted to obtain t he optimum treatment Of sodium hypochlorite(NaOC I) at various temperatures in t he seed scarification for stimulating germination of zoysiagrass (Zocysia Japonica Steud ) seed. Morphological changes of seed coat were also examined by scanning electron micros cop(SEM). l. Differences in temperature of scarification with 2 .4% NaOCI showed little influence on promoting germination of seeds but seeds treated with 1% solution at l5˚C germinated less than that of higher temperatures. The promotion effect of 4% solution on germination was diminished when seeds were treated for 8 hours of more. The most favorable seed scarification unaffected hy temperature for enhancing germination was 4-6hours treatment at 4% solution in fresh seeds. 2. $GA_3$, treatment did not enhance germination of water-pretreated control seeds hut germination of seeds pretreated with NaOCI l was increased additional 10% or more hy$ GA_3$, Water pretreated control seeds treated with 50 mM hydrogen peroxide(H'O )germinated about 44%. In NaOCI treated seeds. $H_2$$O_2$ treatment increased germination additional l 0% or more. 3. NaOCI l and KOH treatment softened the seed coat and formed the pores hy removing the scab-like thikenings attached to the seed surface. These results suggest that the modes of action of NaOCl in the promotion of seed germination reside in it increase of the permeability of the seed coat, and in the provision of additional oxygen to the seed.