• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 2013

The greenhouse whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is considered one of the most destructive pests of crops. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal liquid culture conditions in shake flasks for maximal sporulation of Beauveria bassiana M130 using rice bran. The optimal initial pH for the spore production of B. bassiana using extracted rice bran medium was 5.2 and $28^{\circ}C$. The screening in shake flasks of carbon and nitrogen sources resulted in the identification of an optimal medium based on 0.5% $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, with extracted rice bran 8:1. Using this medium, a production level of $2.15{\times}10^9$ spores per ml was obtained after six days from culture inoculation at $28^{\circ}C$ in a rotary shaking incubator at 130 rpm. In addition, the specific activities of extracellular enzymes of chitinase and protease were $4,296{\mu}mol$ and $375{\mu}mol$, respectively. These results suggest that Beauveria bassiana M130 could be a bio-controller for the greenhouse whitefly.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.656-663
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• 2014

Gintonin, a novel, ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, elicits $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. The slowly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ ($I_{Ks}$) channel is a cardiac $K^+$ channel composed of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits. The C terminus of the KCNQ1 channel protein has two calmodulin-binding sites that are involved in regulating $I_{Ks}$ channels. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of gintonin-mediated activation of human $I_{Ks}$ channel activity by expressing human $I_{Ks}$ channels in Xenopus oocytes. We found that gintonin enhances $I_{Ks}$ channel currents in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. The $EC_{50}$ for the $I_{Ks}$ channel was $0.05{\pm}0.01{\mu}g/ml$. Gintonin-mediated activation 1 of the $I_{Ks}$ channels was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, an $IP_3$ receptor antagonist, and the calcium chelator BAPTA. Gintonin-mediated activation of both the $I_{Ks}$ channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. Mutations in the KCNQ1 $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM-binding IQ motif sites (S373P, W392R, or R539W)blocked the action of gintonin on $I_{Ks}$ channel. However, gintonin had no effect on hERG $K^+$ channel activity. These results show that gintonin-mediated enhancement of $I_{Ks}$ channel currents is achieved through binding of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM complex to the C terminus of KCNQ1 subunit.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2015

Purpose: 3HB and AcAc are two ketone bodies that can be used as energy source in brain via succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (beta-ketothiolase, T2), called ketolysis. In case of malfunction of these enzymes, ketolysis cannot occur fluently causing various clinical manifestations. We want to know the numbers of patients and clinical manifestations of ketolytic defects in Korea. Material: For 67 patients of ketolytic defects out of 2794 patients that have done urine organic acid analysis, we analyzed clinical manifestations and age distribution. The study period was from January 2007 to September 2015. Method: To confirm persistency of ketonuria, repeated and loading organic acid analysis were done at least 1 week period interval. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Result: Thirty patients in infantile period (2 M-2 Y), 31 patients in childhood period (2 Y-12 Y), 5 patients after adolescent period (>12 Y) and 1 in neonatal period were diagnosed during the study period. The most frequent chief complaint was seizure followed by seizure with developmental delay and developmental delay only. Conclusion: Ketolytic defects were not so rare in Korea. Major clinical manifestations are seizure and developmental delay or mental retardation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.759-766
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• 2006

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a myeloid leukemia caused by over-expression of fusion protein, PML/RAR$({\alpha})$, which was the result of chromosomal translocation and induces the blockage of differentiation of affected promyelocytes. Pharmacological dose of retinoic acid induces the activation of and subsequent degradation of PML/RAR$({\alpha})$ fusion protein, and then APL cells undergo through the normal differentiation pathway. Arsenic trioxide has proved effective in causing remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia by inducing apoptosis of this tumor cells, whereas the heterogeneity of cellular susceptibility to this cytotoxic agent limited its usage on more types of tumors in clinic. This work showed that arsenic trioxide could induce apoptosis of a panel of acute promyelocytic leukemic cell lines, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) sensitive NB4 cells and ATRA resistant UF-1 cell. They were investigated with regard to the correlation between the inherent or intrinsic cellular level of GSH and the apoptotic susceptibility of the cells to arsenic trioxide. We manifested, in two cell types, the inherently existed difference in intracellular GSH level reactive to the arsenic trioxide, and a positive correlation between the GSH level and their apoptotic sensitivity to arsenic trioxide. And it showed that arsenic trioxide could differentiate promyelocytic cancer cells to the cells possessed of dendritic cell surface markers. Unravelling the cause of the different susceptibility between leukemic cells and proving that promyelocyte could be differentiated to dendritic cells by arsenic trioxide will help not only to understand the mechanism underlying the complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia induced by arsenic trioxide, but also to expand its clinical usage.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2013

We evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of Isaria tenuipes in diabetes mellitus type 2. For the experiments, the diabetic animal model OLETF rats were divided to 4 groups: Isaria tenuipes was administered mixed with the high fat diet 45% at dose levels of 0.0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0% for 4 weeks. All animals have free access to water and high fat diet 45%. The diabetic clinical markers, including clinical signs, body weight and food intake, organ weights, blood glucose level, insulin level and HOMA-IR index, oral glucose tolerance test, GLUT4 mRNA and protein were measured at a time. After administration for 4 weeks, the blood glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index of test groups were decreased compared with control group in dose-dependent manner. The body weight and diet consumptions were reduced in control group at 4 weeks. The treatments of Isaria tenuipes also showed high expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein in the muscle of OLETF rats. The results suggest that Isaria tenuipes has anti-hyperglycemic effect attenuating blood glucose in the animal model of type 2 diabetes and might be useful as a functional diet for human diabetic diseases.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2014

Since the "Aquatic life disease control act" was established in 2009, we have monitored OIE notifiable and legally designated diseases which are associated with white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei but are as yet outbreak in South Korea. We had monitored only two viral diseases of YHD and IMN, but further added IHHN, TS and WTD in an attempt to reinforce monitoring as a countermeasure against the increasing possibility of imported diseases led by continuous growth in global fisheries trade. We also increased the number of monitoring areas, and shrimp farms. In 2013, we examined a total of 2,650 white shrimp from 29 hatcheries and farms to check whether they were infected with any of the 5 diseases (YHD, IMN, IHHN, TS, WTD). The result showed that none of the samples contained the viruses. To regulation of the exotic diseases from landing in our country and to strengthen prevention, management and control of the diseases on a national level, we must continue the surveillance monitoring of the diseases.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.559-567
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of the foodservice industry workers in regard to the use of seasonings and sweeteners in the restaurants. Questionnaires were distributed to 902 foodservice workers of various restaurants. Participants were questioned on their perceptions of both natural and artificial seasonings & sweeteners. Furthermore, they were asked to respond to questions regarding the need of public education and information about the use of seasonings and sweeteners, along with the demographic information. The results showed that 65.7% of respondents used both the artificial seasoning and artificial sweeteners, while 9.9% of respondents used only natural seasonings and sweeteners. The restaurant employees answered that they have tried to reduce the use of artificial seasonings and sweeteners(3.69/5 point). Some of the respondents reported that they have tried to increase the used of natural seasonings and sweeteners(3.54/5 point). There were significant differences in the respondents' perceptions and attitudes on the seasonings and sweeteners by the restaurant type(p<0.05). The respondents perceived the need for education on the safety of artificial seasonings and sweeteners(3.71/5point) and the production process of natural seasonings(3.75/5 point). There was no significant difference in the respondents' perceptions on the need for education of the seasonings and sweeteners by the restaurant type. The findings suggest that education regarding the use of artificial seasoning and artificial sweeteners, as well as cooking methods that use natural seasonings, is needed to reduce the use of artificial seasonings and sweeteners in restaurants.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.224-228
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• 2012

In order to screen interactor(s) of the Aspergillus nidulans ${\alpha}$-COP of COPI vesicle, we performed the yeast two hybrid screening by using the gene for A. nidulans ${\alpha}$-COP as a bait and identified ${\varepsilon}$-COP of the COPI vesicle as an interacting protein. The A. nidualns gene for the ${\varepsilon}$-COP was designated $aneA^+$ ($\underline{A.}$ $\underline{n}$idulans $\underline{e}$psi-lone-COP), which encoded 296 amino acid residues with high level of identity with orthologs from other fungi. Domain analyses with yeast two-hybrid system suggested that the interaction between ${\alpha}$-COP and ${\varepsilon}$-COP relied on the C-terminus of both proteins, and that the N-terminal WD domian of ${\alpha}$-COP and the TPR region of ${\varepsilon}$-COP were not essential but required for the enhancement of the interaction. These results indicate that the interaction mode between ${\alpha}$-COP and ${\varepsilon}$-COP of COPI vesicle is evolutionarily well conserved in eukaryotes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2017

This study was investigated the changes of quality stability and physicochemical characteristics of the Korean red ginsengs stored for a long times over 20 years. The Korean red ginsengs were stored for 4 to 22 years in canned packaging with polypropylene film and wooden box at room temperatures. The unusal phenomena such as discoloration and pin hole in packaging were not observed. General bacteria showed the vlaues of below 100 CFU/g, coliform groups and molds were not found in any samples stored for 22 year. Any samples also were not detected in mycotoxins. The contents of moisture, ash and crude saponin were the levels of 10.6~11.1%, 3.8~4.2% and 4.1~4.7% during the whole storage periods, respectively. The contents of maltol, which has been known as characteristic flavour and antioxidant of Korean red ginseng, showed remarkably increasing tendency from 0.10 mg/g for 4 years to 2.53 mg/g for 22 years during the storage. The contents of AFG (arginyl-fructosyl-glucose), arginine and free sugar were slightly decreased. Acidic polysaccharide and ginsenoside were not changed significantly during the storage periods. The contents of acidic polysaccharide and total ginsenosides were the 75.1~76.3 mg/g and 15.1~16.6 mg/g, respectively. The sums of ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rb1 and -Rg3s were the ranges of 9.3~9.9 mg/g and PD (ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2,-Rc,-Rd,-Rg3s,-Rg3r)/PT (ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rg2,-Re,-Rf,-Rh1) saponin ratios were the levels of 1.4~1.5. These results suggest that Korean red ginsengs stored for long periods show relatively stable quaility stabilities and not significantly changed the contents of ginsenoside and polysaccharide during the storage up to 22 years.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.611-624
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• 2018

The percentage of moisture content in rice before harvest is crucial to reduce the economic loss in terms of yield, quality and drying cost. This paper discusses the application of artificial neural network (ANN) in developing a reliable prediction model using the low altitude fixed-wing unmanned air vehicle (UAV) based reflectance value of green, red, and NIR and statistical moisture content data. A comparison between the actual statistical data and the predicted data was performed to evaluate the performance of the model. The correlation coefficient (R) is 0.862 and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.914% indicate a very good accuracy of the model to predict the moisture content in rice before harvest. The model predicted values are matched well with the measured values($R^2=0.743$, and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency = 0.730). The model results are very promising and show the reliable potential to predict moisture content with the error of prediction less than 7%. This model might be potentially helpful for the rice production system in the field of precision agriculture (PA).