• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2005

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have recently emerged due to their excellent performance. However, the parity check (H) matrices of the previous works are not adequate for hardware implementation of encoders or decoders. This paper proposes a hybrid parity check matrix which is efficient in hardware implementation of both decoders and encoders. The hybrid H-matrices are constructed so that both the semi-random technique and the partly parallel structure can be applied to design encoders and decoders. Using the proposed methods, the implementation of encoders can become practical while keeping the hardware complexity of the partly parallel decoder structures. An encoder and a decoder are designed using Verilog-HDL and are synthesized using a $0.35 {\mu}m$ CMOS standard cell library.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

Low-density parity check (LDPC) code는 최근 그 우수한 성능으로 인하여 4세대 무선 이동 통신용 채널 코딩으로 주목받고 있고 유럽의 고화질 위성방송 규격으로 채택되었다. 그러나 기존의 연구들이 제안한 parity check matrix (H-matrix)는 실제로 하드웨어로 구현함에 있어서 인코더 혹은 디코더에 제약을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 본 논문에서는 인코더와 디코더 양쪽 모두 효율적으로 하드웨어로 구현이 가능한 hybrid H-matrix 구조를 제안한다. Hybrid H-matrix는 semi-random 방식과 partly parallel 방식을 결합하여 하드웨어로 구현시 partly parallel 방식이 가지는 디코더의 복잡도가 감소되는 장점을 유지하면서 인코더 또한 semi-random 방식을 사용하여 복잡도가 감소된다. 제안한 구조를 사용하여 LDPC 인코더와 디코더를 설계하고 합성하여 기존의 결과와 비교하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2006

Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code는 최근 그 우수한 성능으로 인하여 4세대 무선 이동 통신용 채널 코딩으로 주목받고 있다. 또한 유럽 디지털 위성 방송 규격인 DVB-S2는 LDPC 코드를 채널 코딩방식으로 채택하였다. 본 논문에서는 인코더와 디코더 양쪽 모두 효율적으로 하드웨어 구현이 가능한 hybrid H-matrix 구조를 이용한 DVB-S2 LDPC 복호기 구조를 제안한다. Hybrid H-matrix는 semi-random 방식과 partly parallel 방식을 결합하여 부호기와 복호기를 동시에 효율적으로 구현할 수 있다. 제안된 복호기 구조에서는 다양한 코드율에 사용되는 Variable Node processor Unit (VNU)을 재사용하기 위한 새로운 VNU와 최적화된 블록 메모리 배치 방법을 이용하였다. 제안된 구조를 이용하여 코드율 1/2의 DVB-S2 LDPC 복호기를 설계하였고 그 결과를 기존의 복호기와 비교하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2001

For a dynamic analysis of a constrained multibody system, it is necessary to have a routine for satisfying kinematic constraints. LU decomposition scheme, which is used to divide coordinates into dependent and independent coordinates, is efficient but has great difficulty near the singular configuration. Other method such as the projection matrix, which is more stable near a singular configuration, takes longer simulation time due to the large amount of calculation for decomposition. In this paper, the row space and the null space of the Jacobian matrix are proposed by using the pseudo-inverse method and the projection matrix. The equations of the motion of a system are replaced with independent acceleration components using the null space of the Jacobian matrix. Also a new hybrid method is proposed, combining the LU decomposition and the projection matrix. The proposed hybrid method has following advantages. (1) The simulation efficiency is preserved by the LU method during the simulation. (2) The accuracy of the solution is also achieved by the projection method near the singular configuration.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.442-449
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• 2003

This paper presents a robust hybrid control system for seismic response control of a cable-stayed bridge. Because multiple control devices are operating, a hybrid control system could alleviate some of restirctions and limitations that exist when each system is acting alone. A LQG algorithm with on-off control scheme, H$_2$ and H$_{\infty}$ control algorithms with various frequency weighting filters are used to improve the controller robustness of the active control part in the hybrid control system. The numerital simulation results show that control performances of robust hybrid control systems are similar to those of the hybrid control system with LQG algorithm. Furthermore, it is verified that robust hybrid control systems are more robust than the hybrid control system with LQG algorithm and there are no signs of instabilities in the $\pm$5％ stiffness matrix perturbed system. Therefore, the proposed hybrid control system have a good robustness for stiffness matrix perturbation without loss of control effectiveness.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.473-476
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• 2004

Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are recently emerged due to its excellent performance to use. However, the parity check matrices (H) of the previous works are not adequate for hardware implementation of encoders or decoders. This paper proposes a hybrid parity check matrix for partially parallel decoder structures, which is efficient in hardware implementation of both decoders and encoders. Using proposed methods, the encoding design can become practical while keeping the hardware complexity of partially parallel decoder structures.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1295-1296
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• 2013

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.219-222
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• 2004

The effects of short fiber and particle hybrid reinforcement on fatigue crack propagation behaviors in aluminum matrix composites have been investigated. Single and hybrid reinforced 6061 aluminum containing same 20 $Al_2O_3\;volume\%$ with four different constituent ratios of short fibers and particles were prepared by squeeze casting method and tested to check the near-threshold and stable crack growth behavior. The fatigue threshold of the composites increased with portion of particle contents and showed the improved crack resistance especially in low stress intensity range. Addition of particle instead of short fiber also increased fracture toughness due to increase of inter-reinforcement distance. These increase in both fatigue threshold and fracture toughness eventually affected the fatigue crack growth behavior such that the crack growth curve shift low to high stress intensity factor value. Overall experimental results were shown that particle reinforcement was enhanced the fatigue crack resistance over the whole stress intensity factor range.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2005

A series of proton conductive inorganic-organic hybrid membranes doped with phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$) and/or triethylphosphate (PO(OEt)$_3$) have been prepared by sol-gel process with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors. High proton conductivity of 3.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-3}$ S/cm with composition of 50TEOS-30GPTMS-20APTES-50$H_3PO_4$ was obtained at 120 ${^{\circ}C}$ under 50% relative humidity. Thermal stability of membrane was significantly enhanced by the presence of SiO$_2$ framework up to 250 ${^{\circ}C}$. XRD revealed that the gels are amorphous. IR spectra showed a good complexation of $H_3PO_4$ in the matrix. The conductivity under 75% relative humidity was significantly improved by addition of APTES due to the increase in concentration of defected site in hybrid matrix. The effect of PO(OEt)$_3$, humidifying time, and heat-treatment were also investigated. PO(OEt)$_3$ had no improvement on conductivity and conductivity increased with humidifying time, however, decreased with heating temperature.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2019

Large band gap attenuation of CdS nanoclusters in hybrid sol gel matrix comprised of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM), 15 wt. % zirconium, and various amounts of cadmium acetate was observed after $H_2S$ exposure. Hybrid sol gel matrixes were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The sol gels contained with various amount of cadmium acetate were spin coated to glass substrates and exposed to $H_2S$ gas. The UV-visible absorption peaks were shifted toward blue with increasing the amount of CdS nanoclusters and were shifted to the red after thermal process. Significant amount of -OH absorption peaks were reduced after thermal process. Strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) of CdS nanoclusters was observed after exposing to $H_2S$ gas. The PL intensity increased for several minutes and slowly decreased thereafter. The luminescence peaks were continuously shifted toward blue as the time passed. Extraordinary Stokes shift (approximately 160 nm) was observed.