• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

The researches on the environmental friendly buildings have carried out on the materials, environmental property, technical elements and etc., and various buildings with these green materials have built and under construction nowadays and became a new trend of the green building. And recently, new building technique which builds the wall with the soil and wood and very easy to construct (called M Earthen House) was introduced as the green building and rapidly propagated. But the research on the indoor climatic characteristics, the ability to control the environmental comfort and the influence to the human beings of these buildings are not sufficiently identified yet. In this paper, the indoor environmental characteristics and the temperature controlling ability of these buildings in summer season were measured and analysed by the Portable Indoor Air Quality Monitor(BABUC/A, LSI) measuring equipments, ana the subjective test on the thermal environment of the subjects were carried out to evaluate the thermal comfort. The results can be summarized as follows; 1) Compared to the outdoor dry bulb temp.($15.4{\sim}28.7^{\circ}C$), the indoor temp. was $19.5{\sim}26.8^{\circ}C$. It showed the temperature controlling ability of the M earthen house was outstanding. And the indoor relative humidity, compared to the outdoor($45.4{\sim}100%$), was $58.1{\sim}76.4%$, it showed the humidity controlling ability of the M earthen house was also outstanding. 2) The thermal environment was evaluated as 'comfort'(neutral-slightly warm) and the humidity was also evaluated as 'comfort'(neutral-slightly humid). So, the results of the physical and subjective evaluation on the indoor thermal comfort in summer season were 'neutral' and 'comfort' coincidently, it was confirmed that the controlling ability of the indoor temperature and humidity of the M earthen house was very excellent.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.717-723
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the indoor thermal conditions of a 8,500GT class chemical carrier which was launched on July 2007. The measurement was operated from 4th June to 4th June 2007, just before handing over to Owner. Followings are the results of this study. (1)The temperature variations of supply air were related to the outdoor temperature variations, but the humidity was stable at $65{\sim}80%$. (2)The temperature variations at the representative position of bridge, restaurant, crew's cabin showed gentle slopes. but that of conference room was very steepy. The humidities of bridge and restaurant were unstable because of outdoor-contact and cooking, respectively. (4)The temperature and humidity of ECR(Engine Control Room) which was designed to supply heating and cooling by PAC(Package Air Conditioner) were directly affected by the operating conditions of PAC. (5)The measured supply air volume from dampers of bridge, crew's cabin and conference room were satisfied with the design supply air volume. (5)For the improvement of the indoor thermal conditions, the temperature of crew's cabin and restaurant and the humidity of conference room, and the temperature and humidity of bridge should be controlled, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2016

Heat stress negatively affects milk quality altering its nutritive value and cheese making properties. This study aimed at assessing the impact of seasonal microclimatic conditions on milk quality of Friesian cows. The study was carried out in a dairy farm from June 2013 to May 2014 at Beni-Suef province, Egypt. Inside the barn daily ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded and used to calculate the daily maximum temperature-humidity index (mxTHI), which was used as indicator of the degree of heat stress. The study was carried out in three periods according to the temperature-humidity index (THI) recorded: from June 2013 to September 2013 (mxTHI>78), from October 2013 to November 2013 (mxTHI 72-78) and from December 2013 to April 2014 (mxTHI<72). Eighty Friesian lactating dairy cows were monitored in each period. The three groups of cows were balanced for days in milk and parity. Milk quality data referred to somatic cell count, total coliform count (TCC), faecal coliform count (FCC), Escherichia coli count, percentage of E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, percentage of fat, protein, lactose, total solid and solid non-fat. Increasing THI was associated with a significant decrease in all milk main components. An increase of TCC, FCC, and E. coli count from mxTHI<72 to mxTHI>78 was observed. In addition, the isolation rate of both S. aureus and E. coli increased when the mxTHI increased. The results of this study show the seriousness of the negative effects of hot conditions on milk composition and mammary gland pathogens. These facts warrant the importance of adopting mitigation strategies to alleviate negative consequences of heat stress in dairy cows and for limiting related economic losses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1940-1947
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• 2020

Objective: Combination of two stressors on alteration of mineral footprints in animals needs due attention to meet maximum production and welfare, particularly in grazing sheep. This study tested whether ewes (Ovis aries) exposed to water deprivation and thermal-humidity stressors had altered mineral footprints in their wool, serum, urine, and feces. Methods: Nine ewes (age = 3 years; mean body weight = 41±3.5 kg) were divided among a control group with free access to water, and treatment groups with water deprivation lasting either 2 h (2hWD) or 3 h (3hWD) after feeding. Using a 3×3 Latin square design, animals were assigned to treatment groups for three sampling periods of 21 days each (n = 9). Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture. Wool was collected at the end of periods 2 and 3. Metabolic crates designed with metal grated floors were used for urine and feces collection. We measured sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Results: The wool mineral levels did not differ between the treatment groups, although K was marginally lower (p = 0.10) in the 2hWD group. The serum and urine mineral levels did not differ between the treatments (p>0.05). Fecal K was significantly lower in the 2hWD group than in the other groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, water deprivation and thermal-humidity exposure altered the excretion of K, but not of other minerals, in the wool, urine, feces, or serum of ewes. Thus, no additional mineral supplementation is needed for water deprived ewes during thermalhumidity exposure.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

화력발전소에서 발생하는 유연탄 Bottom ash(BA)는 고온에서 연소 되고 남은 재이다. 고온에서 구워진 재료이기 때문에 맥반석과 같은 기능이 있을 것으로 사료되어 연구를 시작하였다. 최근 일반 모르터보다 황토, 맥반석 등이 재료로 들어가서 원적외선, 항균, 항곰팡이, 탈취, 조습 기능이 있는 모르터의 수요가 늘어가는 추세이다. 유연탄 BA를 친환경 바이오 혼합소재로 활용하기 위한 친환경 바이오 BA 모르터를 일반 모르터와 각각의 기능성에 대해 비교 시험한 결과 원적외선 방사율이 약 $0.02{\times}10^2W/m^2$ 정도 높게 측정되었으며, 탈취 기능은 약 26% 이상 높게 측정되었다. 조습의 경우에도 친환경 바이오 BA 모르터가 일반 모르터보다 약 1.8배 우수한 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 국토해양부에서 제정한 흡 방습 건축자재 "양호"기준보다 10% 이상 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2007

Although the importance of good conservation of historical sites including ancient royal tombs is well aware, still not much attention has been paid for facilities to realize it. There are numerous ancient royal tombs spread in Korean peninsula which are opened and some of them are selectively on display for public access. However, the conservation measures of these sites have not been seriously investigated. Even the level of understanding of the underground environment of tombs is not satisfactory. In the present study, we focus on the dehumidification loads to maintain appropriate conservation conditions in terms of temperature and humidity. Two experimental tombs different in size were built in KNU (Kongju National University) campus with the dimensions ($L{\times}W{\times}H$) of $1.0m{\times}2.8m{\times}1.0m\;and\;1.3m{\times}3.0m{\time}1.2m$, respectively, HVAC systems are installed to maintain a suitable condition for conservation, i.e., $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ in temperature and $55{\pm}5%$ in relative humidity. The condensed water are measured to estimate the dehumidification loads while the temperature and the humidity inside the tombs were maintained within the specified range.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권19호
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• pp.75-107
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• 1998

The cultural properties of paper made from 11 to 16th century of the Kirimsa temple were found in Birozana Buddhist Statue which was made from 15 to 16th century. These have been stored and exhibited in the exhibition showcase. To examine the environment of conservation and the state of paper, we investigated the temperature and the relative humidity in the inside and outside of the Kirimsa museum and examined the external form and the internal state (water content, acidity and whiteness) of paper. During the investigation period from 27 Aug. to 30 Aug. 1997. The average of temperature and relative humidity were $28.2^{\circ}C$, 67% in the outside and $27.1^{\circ}C$, 73% in the inside, respectively. These indicated the air conditioning was wrong. Among the cultural properties of 79 papers stored in the Kirimsa museum, 37 cases had been repaired but 42 cases not. From the result examining the external form, 20 cases needed to repair. In the internal state of the cultural properties of paper, the water contents were from 11.9% to 16.5%, the average was 15.7%, the acidities from pH 5.7 to pH 6.2 and the whiteness from 37 to 45. From these results, we could see the cultural properties of paper stored in the Kirimsa museum was damaged by the several factors (hydrolysis by fungi, repeated elongation and retraction of cellulose) caused mainly by the high temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, for the conservation of the cultural properties of paper stored in the Kirimsa museum, it need to control the temperature at $18~20^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity at $55\pm5%$ by the appropriate air conditioning. In order to sterilize fungi occurred to the surface of paper, the cultural properties of paper needed to fumigate. The fungi occurred on the surface of paper were wiped out by using of 70%solution dissolved thymol in ethyl alcohol.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2022

라즈베리 파이나 아두이노를 이용하여 온도, 습도, 기울기, 압력 센서 등에서 수집한 정보는 자동 항온, 항습 시스템 등에 활용되고 있다. 또 농축산업에 활용하여 원격에서 스마트폰만으로 시스템을 제어함으로써 농축산업 종사자들이 편리하게 활용하기도 한다. 일반적으로 온도, 습도는 꺾은선 그래프 등으로 표현하여 변화를 실시간으로 감시하는 역할을 수행하기도 한다. 온도를 시각적으로 표현하는 기술은 최근 코로나19의 발열 검사를 위해 적외선 기기를 이용해 직관적으로 활용되기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 라즈베리 파이와 DHT11 센서에서 수집된 정보를 직관적인 시각화를 통해 공간상의 온도변화를 예측하고 즉각적인 대응이 가능하도록 제안한다. 이를 위해 온도, 습도를 효과적으로 시각화하기 위해 알고리즘을 만들었고, 일부 센서에 결함이 발생하는 경우에도 데이터 표현이 가능하다.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 2003년도 춘계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.58-63
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• 2003

폐쇄형 묘생산 시스템(closed system for transplants production)은 자연광이 투과되지 않도록 단열재로 구성되어 있어 시스템 내부와 외부의 공기, 물, 열 등의 교환이 기본적으로 제한된다. 또한 식물 생육에 필요한 관수량, 내부에 적절한 습도를 유지시켜 주기 위한 가습량 및 공조기구에 의한 제습량 등이 시스템 내에서 평형을 이루며 순환한다. (중략)

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 1994년도 봄 심포지움 및 학술논문발표요지
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• pp.96-97
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• 1994

하절기 시설재배는 35$^{\circ}C$가 넘는 극한고온으로 인하여 작물재배가 거의 불가능하며 작물재배를 하더라도 생산한 농산물은 그 품질이 열악하여 상품으로서의 가치가 낮아 문제가 되고있다. 따라서 하절기 시설작형은 대부분 휴작을 하므로 시설의 주년이용과 고도활용에 지장을 초래하고있다. 하절기에 국내의 온도하강은 주로 수동적이고 소극적이면서 비용이 적게드는 흑색차광망이나 자연환기에 주로 의존하고있으나 그 효율성은 상당히 낮아 문제가 되고있다. (중략)