• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin irritation of bee venom (melittin) in human. Skin irritation test was performed at 0.05% bee venom by 48 h single patch test in 30 healthy volunteers with no skin disease and skin sensitization test was performed by local lymph node assay in animal. In single patch test, 28 human subjects showed no reaction and 2 subjects showed 1+ or 3+ grade skin reaction. In a skin sensitization test of bee venom conducted using mice. no erythema was observed on the dorsal side of mice up to 8 days after application of bee venom on the skin. The results of the average stimulation index by ATP values showed that there was no irritation to the mice skin at 0.005% and 0.01% of bee venom. Therefore, bee venom is not likely to induce a significant skin irritation under 0.05% concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to ascertain whether or not the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test, when coupled with Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, would prove useful in the screening and management of patients in whom abnormal Pap smear results had been obtained. Concomitant high-risk HPV detection using the hybrid capture II test and colposcopy with a Pap smear were performed with 176 patients, all of whom had been screened for both cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions. We concomitantly performed colposcopies on these patients. Upon the follow-ups, the histologic diagnoses of these patients were confirmed via either biopsy or hysterectomy. The rate of high-risk HPV detection was correlated with cytologic diagnoses and colposcopic findings. The group composed of the high-risk HPV-positive ASCUS patients exhibited a 55.7% rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a significantly higher rate than the 7.5% result obtained in the high-risk HPV-negative ASCUS group. HPV test showed high sensitivity (87%) and low specificity (62.6%) in detection of CIN and colposcopy also showed high sensitivity (88%) and low specificity (22%). Any combination of these tests improve sensitivity, but not specificity. High-risk HPV tests, when coupled with Pap smears, constituted a useful triage approach with regard to colposcopy-directed biopsies in patients in whom a cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS had been rendered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1993

최근에 치명적인 바이러스, 특히 에이즈를 이르키는 Human Immunodificiency Virus (HIV), 또는 간에 심각한 병을 이르키는 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)와 같은 무서운 바이러스가 환자의 피나 분비물을 통하여 의사에게 전염되는 사례가 늘어감에 따라 이제는 환자의 피나 분비물의 침투를 막기 위해 방수성과 방균성을 가진 수술복 착용이 절대적으로 필요하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 1. 수술가운을 만드는 5가지 대표적인 직물의 방수성과 방균성을 측정하고 2. 세탁시 표백제의 사용유무가 그 직물의 방수성과 방균성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 3. 반복세탁이 그 직물의 방수성과 방균성에 미치는 영향을 알아 보는데 있다. 이 실험을 위해 3가지 재사용 수술가운과 (Gore-tex$^R$, membrane reinforced; Compel$^{TM}$, fabric reinforced; Acep$^{TM}$, non-reinforced) 두 가지 일회용 가운 (Evolution$^R$ gown, fabric reinforced; Evolution$^R$ Specialty, film reinforced)이 사용되었다. 표백제를 사용한 세탁이 직물의 방수성과 방균성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 재사용 가운을 세탁, 건조, 살균을 하였다. 세탁과 살균의 빈도수는 1, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80번 이였다. 방수성 측정방법으로 1. Impact Penetration test (AATCC 42-1985), 2. Elbow Lean test, 3. Synthetic Blood Resistance test (ASTM F 23. 40. 01)가 사용되었고 방균성 측정방법으로 Viral Resistance test (ASTM F 23. 40. 02)가 사용되었다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Gore-Tex$^R$ 가운과 Evolution$^R$ Specialty 가운은 방수성과 방균성의 성질을 가졌다. 그러나 표백제를 사용하여 70번 세탁한 Gore-Tex$^R$ 가운은 membrane의 구조가 파괴되어서 방균성을 상실했다. 2. Evolution$^R$ 가운, Acep$^{TM}$ 가운과 Compel$^{TM}$ 가운은 오직 Impact Penetration test만 통과했다. 즉 이 직물들은 큰 압력의 가함이 없는 splash resistance만 가지고있다. 그러나 Acep$^{TM}$ 가운과 Compel$^{TM}$ 가운은 20번과 60번 세탁 후 각각 그들의 splash resistance 마져도 상실했다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1071-1092
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• 2014

Annotating images with tags that describe the content of the images facilitates image retrieval. However, this task is challenging for both humans and computers. In response, a new approach has been proposed that converts the manual image annotation task into CAPTCHA challenges. However, this approach has not been widely used because of its weak security and the fact that it can be applied only to annotate for a specific type of attribute clearly separated into mutually exclusive categories (e.g., gender). In this paper, we propose a novel image annotation CAPTCHA scheme, which can successfully differentiate between humans and computers, annotate image content difficult to separate into mutually exclusive categories, and generate verified test images difficult for computers to identify but easy for humans. To test its feasibility, we applied our scheme to annotate images of human faces with their age groups and conducted user studies. The results showed that our proposed system, called AgeCAPTCHA, annotated images of human faces with high reliability, yet the process was completed by the subjects quickly and accurately enough for practical use. As a result, we have not only verified the effectiveness of our scheme but also increased the applicability of image annotation CAPTCHAs.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.259-273
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to analyze male college students' awareness and behaviors toward appearance management, and expenditure for appearance management. Male subjects' appearance management behaviors were focused on hair, skin, cosmetic surgery, fashion and body shape. A chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were used. The major findings were as follows: (1) The mean of male college students' 'awareness toward appearance management' is 30.01(out of a possible 50). (2) The variables that significantly influenced their awareness toward appearance management are 'an allowance amount per month' and 'household income'. (3) Subjects' most preferred behavior is a variable of 'fashion care' in the appearance management(29.9%). (4) Appearance management behavior is different, according to demographic variables and awareness toward appearance management. (5) The mean of 'monthly expenditure for appearance management' is 247,194won. Consequently, the study shows that there is a most significant relation of 'awareness toward appearance management' to 'expenditure for appearance management'

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2002

The purpose of His research was to investigate the effect of grandchildren's solidarity with their grandparents on their caring attitude for the elderly. The participants were 311 college students in Chollabuk-Do province. Such statistical methods as factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, t-Test, pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed for this research. The results showed that the solidarity with grandparents was significantly different according to the college grade, birth order, mother's and grandparents' educational levels, economic status of grandparent, relationship with parents, and grandparents' ages. It was also found that there were significant differences in the levels of grandchildren's caring attitude for the elderly according to the college grade, occupational status of mother, relationship with parent, parents' educational levels, and family atmosphere. Finally, multiple regression analysis results indicated that grandchildren's caring attitude for the elderly was significantly influenced by grandchildren's affectional and contact solidarity with grandparents, relationship with parent, and grandparents' economic status.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine university students' clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors according to gender and major. For the study, 337 university students living in Chonbuk area participated in this survey research. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS statistics package. Exploratory factor analysis, reliability test, and t-test were used. Five factors in each clothing and cosmetics purchasing orientation were generated from the factor analysis. According to gender and major, clothing and cosmetics purchasing behavior were significantly different. Female students showed more impulsive, rational, and economical purchasing orientations than male students did. On the contrary, male students showed more independent and convenient purchasing orientations. The students with fashion design major showed higher tendency in impulsive and rational clothing purchasing orientations than non-fashion design major students. Finally, clothing and cosmetics purchasing behaviors were significantly different by gender and major in terms of information usage and expenditure for clothing and cosmetics.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2007

This study analyzed the effect of Human-oriented Alternative Science Activities(HASA) on a coaching teacher and the students who participated in this activity. Human-oriented alternative science activities were used in the experimental group and traditional teaching methods were used in the control group. In pretest and posttest sessions, both groups were evaluated using an academic achievement test, and an affective characteristics related science test. After the activity, questionaries regarding attitudes to science lessons were administered as well. The process of change (if any) which occurred in the science lessons of the experimental group teacher was also analyzed through the teacher's diaries. The results showed that application of HASA had a positive effect upon affective characteristics and attitudes to science classes held by the experimental group and teacher. However, the result of this study also showed that the variation between academic achievement of each group was statistically insignificant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2011

This paper is about the study of a new exo-skeleton device applying a gravity compensator. The exo-skeleton devices is to reduce the external torque applied to the human body joint for the purpose of helping the disabled, reducing heavy payload for industry workers or military soldiers. Most of the exoskeleton devices are actuated by the motors, but motors are limited in energy such that a short durability is always a big problem. In this paper, an exoskeleton device using a new gravity compensator based on a torsion bar is proposed to reduce the torque load applied to human body joints. The exoskeleton device is designed for the lower body of human. Analyses on the torsion bar spring and link of the exoskeleton device using FEM method were performed. To reduce the applied torque to the human joint, a torsion bar gravity compensator is applied to the exoskeleton. The effect of the torsion bar compensator for the exoskeleton device was verified through load test using developed test equipment.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.86-87
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• 1998

To understand the developmental process of the gait pattern from infancy to the adult, a gait analysis for a 14 months female infant has been performed for ten weeks. The gait parameters has been measured every other week since the week when she was able to walk without aid. The infant gait data at the tenth week of the test shows a similar pattern to the adult gait in many aspects including initial knee flexion, initial ankle dorsiflexion, the push-off pattern, etc. There is not a significant change in the hip flexion angle from week to week from the two weeks after the test started. To check the individuality in the collected data, more infant subjects are being tested presently.