• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1297-1303
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the anticancer (in vitro) and antiallergy effects of rice bran extracts. In an anticancer test using Hep3B cells and HeLa cells, water and 60% ethanol extracts of rice bran inhibited the growth of Hep3B and HeLa cell lines and morphological changes were also observed. In Hep3B cell lines, water extract of rice bran showed a higer antiproliferating effect than 60% ethanol extract. The growth-inhibitory effect against HeLa cells were 30.9% for $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, 88.8% for $3,000{\mu}g/mL$ rice bran water extract. The expressions of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ mRNA and c-kit in HMC-1 (human mast cell) were decreased by 60% ethanol treatment but tryptase mRNA was not changed. The extracts of rice bran inhibited histamine release from RPMC (rat peritoneal mast cell) activated by compound 48/80. Rice bran water extract showed inhibitory effect of 87% at $0.01{\mu}g/mL$ concentration and 60% ethanol extract inhibited the release of histamine by 86% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

The roots of Opuntia humifusa (OHR) were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-butanol and $H_2O$, successively. The fractions were tested using DPPH and ABST radical scavenging method. The all fractions showed potent scavenging effects. The scavenging effect of the EtOAc fraction was higher than the other fractions, with $IC_{50}$ values as DPPH; $77.0{\pm}1.38{\mu}g/mL$, ABTS: $26.3{\pm}2.02{\mu}g/mL$. And, we investigated anti-inflammatory activities by examining the effects of the OHR fractions on pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the human mast cells (HMC-1). Treatment with OHR fractions clearly reduced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-8) in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1 cells. The results showed the potential of OHR as an excellent antioxidant substance and inhibiting inflammatory mediators. Therefore, OHR may be used as a therapeutic approach to various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

The regulation of gene expression plays an important role in cell cycle controls. In this study, a novel $mas2^+$ (mitosis associated protein) gene, a homolog of human SMARCAD1 was isolated and characterized from a fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) using gene-specific polymerase chain reaction. The isolated gene contained a complete open reading frame capable of encoding 922 amino acid residues with a typical promoter, as judged by nucleotide sequence analysis. It was also found that an SNF2 domain is located, which is involved in the chromosome remodeling. The quantitative analysis of the $mas2^+$ transcript against $adh1^+$ showed that the expression level of $mas2^+$ is high before septum formation in S. pombe. When $mas2^+$ null mutant cells were grown at 27 and $35^{\circ}C$, the cytokinesis of $mas2^+$ null mutant was greatly delayed and a large number of multi-septate and mis-segregated cells were produced. In addition, the number of multi-septate cells significantly increased. When cells were cultured in YES rich medium to increase proliferation, the abnormal phenotypes $mas2^+$ null mutant dramatically increased. These phenotypes could be rescued by an over-expression of the mast gene. The Mas2 protein localized in the nuclei of S. pombe, as evidenced by Mas2-EGFP signals. These results suggest that the $mas2^+$ is homologous to human SMARCAD1 gene and involved in septum formation and chromosome remodeling control.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1168-1175
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• 2017

Probiotics are usually defined as intestinal bacteria that provide healthy benefit to the host and may offer new therapeutic materials for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus are known as typical probiotics. But, these bacteria have mostly a weak viability and thus decreased probiotics-mediated effects in the intestinal tract. Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease, which is characterized by the releases of inflammatory mediators including cytokine and IgE. They are mainly associated with the recruitment, activation and disregulation of specific inflammatory cells, especially mast cells, monocytes, T cells, eosinophils and neutrophils in asthma. We performed these studies as in vitro and in vivo test the human inflammatory cell lines and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. And then the inhibitory effects of Enterococcus faecalis whole extract on inflammatory responses were examined. For our examinations, the E. faecalis whole extract (Ef extract) was acquired from whole bacteria of E. faecalis using freeze/thawing after ultrasonication method. As results, OVA-mediated THP-1 cell viability was decreased by the treatment of Ef extract. In the asthmatic mouse model, Ef extract inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the inflammatory sites and blood. This whole extract may have anti-asthmatic effects associated with the regulation of IL-5 and IgE expression. It may also be a promising candidate in anti-allergic medicine for the treatment of asthma.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2013

Bibimbab (mixed rice) is a traditional Korean one-dish meal. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of raw and seasoned ingredients used in Bibimbab (Cucurbita moschata P., Platycodon grandiflorum A., Vigna radiata L., Porphyra yezonensis udea, Allium ampeloprasum L., Pterdium aguilinum, Raphanus sativus). Human mast cells (HMC-1) were pretreated with 70% ethanol extracts of Bibimbab and further cultured for an appropriate time after the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187. Cell viability was determined by an MTT assay. None of the ingredients showed cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml$. Anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/ml concentrations of the raw, seasoned ingredients of PMA. A23187 stimulated HMC-1. Among the various ingredients, seasoned A. ampeloprasum L. extract showed the highest inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion (90% and 93%, respectively) at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The R. sativus extract showed the highest inhibition (85%) of IL-8 secretion. DPPH analysis of the antioxidation properties of the ingredients showed that raw and seasoned A. ampeloprasum extracts exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (67.50 and 73.65%, respectively). These results suggest that seasoned ingredients used in Bibimbab have lower anti-inflammatory effects in relation to TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion than raw ingredients in PMA- and A23187-treated HMC-1. In addition, the seasoned ingredients showed a tendency to increase antioxidative activity. Therefore, the ingredients used in Bibimbab have potential as anti-inflammatory and antioxidation agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to assess the anti-irritation activities of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) extract against various irritants used in cosmetics. For its antidotal activity, mung bean has been used as a medicinal or cosmetic material since ancient times. However, there have been few reports describing the biological activities of these beans and no comprehensive surveys of the constituents. We obtained an ethanolic extract of mung bean and isolated the major constituents, such as vitexin and isovitexin. And we previously reported that the mung bean extract containing vitexin and isovitexin had excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To investigate the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of mung bean extract, we examined the inhibitory effects on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and lipoxygenase activity. Mung bean extract inhibited histamine release in a concentration dependent manner but showed no inhibitory activity in the 5-lipoxygenase assay. And, clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the anti-irritation effects of mung bean extract against various irritants used in cosmetics such as lactic acid, retinol, and preservatives. When 2.0％ of mung bean extract was applied to cosmetic formulae containing each of irritants, it revealed considerable anti-irritation efficacy. Our results of the human patch test with 20 volunteers showed that this extract reduced skin irritations caused by 5.0％ lactic acid, 4000 IU retinol, and 1.0％ preservative mixture by about 60％, 30％, and 50％ respectively. The stinging potential test for assessing subjective irritation also showed that the extract reduced the unpleasant sensations by about 50∼30％. Finally, we performed a double-blind usage test with 30 subjects to compare formulae containing mung bean extract with placebo. From the results of questionnaires for 4 weeks of use, we confirmed the excellent anti-irritation effect of mung bean extract. Conclusively, we could discover new material that had anti-irritation effects and apply this mung bean extract to the final cosmetic products successfully.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.940-947
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• 2017

Goat milk has a protein composition similar to that of breast milk and contains abundant nutrients, but its use in functional foods is rather limited in comparison to milk from other sources. The aim of this study was to prepare a goat A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction with improved digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. We investigated the optimal conditions for the separation of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction from goat milk by pH adjustment to pH 4.4 and treating the casein suspension with calcium chloride (0.05 M for 1 h at $25^{\circ}C$). Selective reduction of ${\beta}$- lactoglobulin and ${\alpha}_s$-casein was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoallergenic property of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction was examined by measuring the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha from HMC-1 human mast cells exposed to different proteins, including A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction. There was no significant difference in levels of both indicators between A2 ${\beta}$-casein treatment and the control (no protein treatment). The A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction is abundant in essential amino acids, especially, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). The physicochemical properties of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction, including protein solubility and viscosity, are similar to those of bovine whole casein which is widely used as a protein source in various foods. Therefore, the goat A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction may be useful as a food material with good digestibility and hypoallergenic properties for infants, the elderly, and people with metabolic disorders.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1808-1814
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• 2009

In our previous study, a new herbal preparation (HemoHIM) was developed as a functional food for the radioprotection and immunomodulatory agents. In order elucidate the mechanism involved, we examined the effect of HemoHIM on the compound 48/80-induced histamine release, and on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in HMC-1. The cell culture supernatants were harvested, and the cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$, GM-CSF) in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total RNA of the cells was extracted, and the cytokines or c-kit/tryptase/Fc$\varepsilon$RI's messenger RNA expressions were examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Under low concentrations, HemoHIM inhibited histamine release in HMC-1 stimulated compound 48/80. Furthermore HemoHIM inhibited PMA/A23187-induced inflammatory cytokines' secreation or mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. But IL-8 secretion was not inhibited by low concentrayion of HemoHIM, respectively. The mRNA expression of c-kit and Fc$\varepsilon$RI were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Tryptase mRNA expression was only inhibited by low concentration of HemoHIM. These results indicated that HemoHIM might be an useful agent for protection against allergy as well as immune modulation, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1592-1598
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• 2011

Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is well known for its antibacterial, antioxidant, and hypotensive activities, as well as its antiaging bioactive properties. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and anti-allergic effects of garlic in order to develop a method to produce Makgeolli using garlic. Levels of total sugar, reducing sugar contents, total acid and amino acid contents of garlic Makgeolli were higher than those of the control (normal Makgeolli without garlic), and its alcohol content was 7.0%. Polyphenol contents, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and total thiosulfate contents of garlic Makgeolli were a bit higher than those of the control. The main organic acids of garlic Makgeolli were lactic, citric, malic, oxalic and succinic acids. Especially, lactic acid content was 16 fold higher than the control. According to MTT assay, garlic Makgeolli had no significant effect on the viability of human mast cells, and secretion of histamine was more effectively inhibited by garlic Makgeolli than by the control. Garlic Makgeolli was superior to the control in all results of sensory characteristics except in color. Therefore, the anti-oxidant activity and anti-allergic effect of garlic Makgeolli could improve the quality of Korean Makgeolli.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.834-841
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extracts of Ligularia fischeri cultivated in Youngyanggun. We obtained hot water extract (HWE) and cold water extract (CWE) from L. fischeri. The anti-oxidative activities of L. fischeri extracts were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of L. fischeri were evaluated in human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate plus A23187 (PMACI). The solid yields of HWE was 150% higher than CWE solid yield. Total polyphenol contents of HWE were $198.07{\pm}0.24mg/g$. The value of anti-oxidative activities of HWE were shown $IC_{50}$ $28.2{\pm}0.04ug/mL$. We showed that HWE significantly reduced the PMACI-induced the production of IL-6 (0.01-1 mg/mL), IL-8 (0.1-1 mg/mL), and $TNF-{\alpha}$ (0.01-1 mg/mL). These results indicate that the HWE of L. fischeri can be used as a functional material due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.