• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.519-535
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• 1997

The responses of human pulp fibroblastic cells to Ga-As Semi-Conductor-Dens-Bio Laser (Frequency: 5 Hz~10,000 Hz Model: SD-101A RCA, U.SA)) were examined in vitro using pulp fibroblastic cells obtained from the pulp tissue of human tooth. The mitogenic effect of soft laser was assessed by measuring the MTT assay. The morphologic effect for soft laser showed under the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results as follows; 1. The mitogenic response of the soft laser was not observed until 4th time of radiation, while the mitogenic response at 4th time increased mitogenic effect by as much as 1.7 fold compared to the control value. 2. The mitogenic response of the soft laser on pulp fibroblast differ from the mitogenic response on other fibroblasts. 3. In scanning electron microscopic study, The microvilli of cell surface increased gradually with width and length after laser radiation, it demonstrate that development of microvilli have close connection with differentiation of cells. 4. Under the transmission electron microscope, The laser-treated cells maintained their elongated shape and a high degree of cellular polarization. The large cell body containing a well developed Golgi complex, a large number of profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and great numbers of mitochondria. 5. The laser-treated cells maintained the long straight bundles of closely apposed microfilaments or individual filaments forming a cross-linked network. These findings suggest that the laser may have important roles in promotion of pulp healing and consequently may be useful for clinical application in pulp regenerative procedures.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Purpose: First introduced by Buncke and Rose in 1979, the neurovascular partial $2^{nd}$ toe pulp free tissue transfer has been attempted to reconstruct posttraumatic finger tip injuries. Although some surgeons prefer other reconstructive methods such as skin graft and local flap, we chose the partial $2^{nd}$ toe pulp flap owing to its many advantages. We report three successful surgical cases in which the patients had undergone this particular method of reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively examined three cases of fingertip injury patients due to mechanical injury. Bone exposure was seen in all three cases, All had undergone partial toe pulp free flap for soft tissue defect coverage. Results: All flaps survived without any complications such as partial necrosis, hematoma or dehiscence. Although tingling sensation has returned in both cases, two-point discrimination has not returned yet. Currently no patient is complaining of any pain which gradually improved during their course of recuperation. All stitches were removed on postoperative 2 weeks. Patients are satisfied with the final surgical result and there are no signs of any edema or hematoma. Conclusion: The homodigital reconstruction of finger tip injury using the partial $2^{nd}$ toe pulp flap has numerous advantages compared to other reconstructive modalities such as its resistance to wear and tear and in that it provides a non-slip palmar digital surface. However it requires microsurgery which may not be preferred by surgeons. Advanced age of the patient can be a relative contraindication to this approach since atheromatous plaque from the donor toe can compromise flap circulation after surgery. We report three successful cases which patient age was considered appropriate. Further investigation with a larger number of cases and long term follow-up is deemed necessary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.227-231
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the MAPK signaling pathways involved in regulation of HO-1 and the odontoblast differentiation markers during the odontoblastic differentiation for HDPCs. We evaluated cell growth by MTT assay and differentiation marker mRNA expression by RT-PCR. When the cells were treated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580, $10{\mu}M$), JNK inhibitor (SP600125, $10{\mu}M$), and ERK inhibitor (PD98059, $20{\mu}M$) for 7 days, cell growth and expression of HO-1 and differentiation makers were significantly decreased in HDPCs. Our results suggest that odontoblastic differentiation is positively regulated by HO-1 induction in HDPCs via ERK, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, pharmacological HO-1 induction might represent a potent therapeutic approach for pulp capping and the regeneration of HDPCs.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

Undifferentiated stem cells are being studied to obtain information on the therapeutic potential of isolates that are produced. Dental Pulp Stem Ccell (DPSC) may provide an abundant supply of highly proliferative, multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), which are now known to be capable of regenerating a variety of human tissues including bone and other dental structures. Many factors influence DPSC quality and quantity, including the specific methods used to isolate, collect, concentrate, and store these isolates once they are removed. Ancillary factors, such as the choice of media, the selection of early versus late passage cells, and cryopreservation techniques may also influence the differentiation potential and proliferative capacity of DPSC isolates. This literature review concludes that due to the delicate nature of DPSC, more research is needed for dental researchers and clinicians to more fully explore the feasibility and potential for isolating and culturing DPSCs extracted from adult human teeth in order to provide more accurate and informed advice for this newly developing field of regenerative medicine.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1981

A total of 130 extracted human maxillary second molars were used to study the configuration of the floor of the pulp chamber. The specimens were ground and the pulp chamber was examined with a magnifier and explored with sharp explorer. The study showed the shape of the pulp chamber, number of root canals, and the type of canal orifice. The results were as follows; 1. In so far as observing the shape of the pulp chamber of the teeth, 16.9% of the teeth were quadrilateral, 70.0% were triangle and 13.1% were ovoid shape. 2. 13.1% of the specimens have 4 root canal orifices. 73.9% have 3 root canal orifices, 11.5% have 2 root canal orifices and 1.5% have single orifice. 3. 13.1% of the specimens have 2 mesio-buccal canal orifices and among the teeth those have 3 canals, 20.8% show 'Y' shape, 29.1% show straight line and 23.8% show obtuse triangle shape.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Purpose: Exact knowledge of the location and dimension of the pulp chamber help to maintain the pulp healthy during operative procedure and also reduces the risk of perforation of pulp chamber during root canal treatment. This in-vivo study was carried out to measure critical morphology of pulp chamber of mandibular molar using intra-oral periapical radiograph. Materials and Methods: Mandibular molar teeth of 56 patients were evaluated. The mandibular molar teeth whose pulp chamber was not violated by caries, restoration, fracture crown and those having closed apex were included in the study. The intraoral periapical radiographs were taken with paralleling angle technique using radio-opaque grid with 1 mm space. This grid was placed directly on the film. Results: In 94% of the mandibular first molars specimens the pulp chamber ceiling was at the level of the cemento-enamel junction. The measurements showing the lowest percentage variance were buccal cusp to furcation (approximately 11%) and buccal cusp to pulp chamber ceiling (approximately 15%). The distance from the cusp tip to pulp chamber ceiling height was approximately 6.0 mm, the distance from the pulpal floor to the furcation was approximately 3.0 mm, and the average height of a pulp chamber was 1.5 to 2.0 mm. Conclusion: The exact knowledge of distances of pulp chamber from various anatomical landmarks helps in proper assessment of root canals and ultimately avoids the failure of root canal treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.353-359
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of Leukotriene B4 in relation to the clinical symptom of pulpitis in human dental pulp. Pulps obtained from 3 groups of teeth: normal uniflamed teeth(N=22), asymptomatic teeth with deep caries or large restorations(N = 21) and symptomatic teeth with the clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis(N = 15). Pulps were dissected from normal un inflamed teeth and extirpated from asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth during routine endodontic treatment and stored in liquid nitrogen ($-70^{\circ}C$). The levels of Leukotriene B4 in individual or pooled pulps were measured by radioimmunoassay and the mean levels of each group were compared statistically(Kruskall-Wallis oneway ANOVA test). The results were as followings : 1. In normal pulp, low levels of Leukotriene B4 were measured. 2. In pulps from asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth had significantly higher levels of Leukotriene B4 than normal pulps(p<0.01). 3. The levels of Leukotriene B4 in pulps from symptomatic teeth were significantly higher than those of pulps from asymptomatic teeth(p<0.01). These results suggest that Leukotriene B4 play a cretain role in inflammatory process of dental pulp and have a relationship with clinical symptoms of pulpitis.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.141-145
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• 2018

There have been many radiographic studies on age estimation that evaluate reduction in size of dental pulp cavity with secondary dentin formation. The Paewinsky method reported high accuracy in estimating ages by measuring the width of the pulp cavity in panoramic radiographs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the Paewinsky method to digital periapical radiographs. This study was conducted on 103 cases that reported to the Section of Human Identification of the National Forensic Service. The age was calculated by applying the Paewinsky method that measures the root and pulp canal width at three points in a tooth. The estimation results were compared with those calculated by the Johanson method. When the Paewinsky models were applied to digital periapical radiographs, the errors were significantly greater as compared to the original study. The errors of the maxillary second premolar and mandibular lateral incisor were greater than those of the maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, mandibular canine, and first premolar. Furthermore, errors of the age estimation models in level C were greater than those in levels A and B. This study could be a reference for the application of the Paewinsky method to digital periapical radiographs.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.157-160
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• 1971

To compare the effects of various pulp capping agents that are usually applied to human pulp tissue, adult dogs were bred for a certain period and each capping agent was applied experimentally to pulp tissue after vital pulpotomy. Histological observations are as follows. 1) In comparison between methods of vital pulpotomy, one and two appointment method, different courses of healing were observed. In one appointment method, the granulation tissue formation at the amputation sur face of pulp tissue had a tendency to be transformed to scar tissue formation. In two appointment method, more transformation than that of one appointment method from scar tissue to dentin matrix formation were observed. 2) Histologic changes that have appeared in pulp tissue are a) fixation at outer layer b) degeneration at middle layer c) hyperemia and round cell infiltration at inner layer 3) With use of formocresol mixed zinc oxide powder in two appointment method complete formation of dentin matrix were observed. 4) Among the methods and aagents described above formocresol mixed zinc oxide powder in two appointment method appeared to be relatively effective.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.336-341
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• 2022

Narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the limbs provokes critical hindlimb ischemia (CLI). Although CLI results in irreversible sequelae, such as amputation, few therapeutic options induce the formation of new functional blood vessels. Based on the proangiogenic potentials of stem cells, in this study, it was examined whether a combination of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could result in enhanced therapeutic effects of stem cells for CLI compared with those of DPSCs or HUVECs alone. The DPSCs+ HUVECs combination therapy resulted in significantly higher blood flow and lower ischemia damage than DPSCs or HUVECs alone. The improved therapeutic effects in the DPSCs+ HUVECs group were accompanied by a significantly higher number of microvessels in the ischemic tissue than in the other groups. In vitro proliferation and tube formation assay showed that VEGF in the conditioned media of DPSCs induced proliferation and vessel-like tube formation of HUVECs. Altogether, our results demonstrated that the combination of DPSCs and HUVECs had significantly better therapeutic effects on CLI via VEGF-mediated crosstalk. This combinational strategy could be used to develop novel clinical protocols for CLI proangiogenic regenerative treatments.