• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.444-450
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• 2015

The accuracy of small and low cost CCD camera is insufficient to provide data for precisely tracking unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). This study shows how UAV can hover on a human targeted tracking object by using CCD camera rather than imprecise GPS data. To realize this, UAVs need to recognize their attitude and position in known environment as well as unknown environment. Moreover, it is necessary for their localization to occur naturally. It is desirable for an UAV to estimate of his attitude by environment recognition for UAV hovering, as one of the best important problems. In this paper, we describe a method for the attitude of an UAV using image information of a maker on the floor. This method combines the observed position from GPS sensors and the estimated attitude from the images captured by a fixed camera to estimate an UAV. Using the a priori known path of an UAV in the world coordinates and a perspective camera model, we derive the geometric constraint equations which represent the relation between image frame coordinates for a marker on the floor and the estimated UAV's attitude. Since the equations are based on the estimated position, the measurement error may exist all the time. The proposed method utilizes the error between the observed and estimated image coordinates to localize the UAV. The Kalman filter scheme is applied for this method. its performance is verified by the image processing results and the experiment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of fermented Scutellaria baicalensis extracts using Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The extracts were WE (water extract at $100^{\circ}C$ for 24 h), EE (70% ethanol extract at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h), FWE (fermented and water extract at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h), FEE (fermented and 70% ethanol extract at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h). The cytotoxicity of the extracts was in the range of 11.2 ~ 15.6 % at 1.0 mg/mL concentratioin. The FEE showed the lowest activity at 1.0 mg/mL concentratioin. Compared to the WE, hyaluronidase inhibitory activity contents in the FEE increased to 9.2% at 1.0 mg/mL concentratioin. Nitric oxide production of WE, EE, FWE and FEE at 1.0 mg/mL concentration was mesured as 7.6, 7.9, 6.9, 6.4 ${\mu}M$, respectively. $PGE_2$ secretion of the human fibroblast of the FEE were lower than 810 pg/mL. Our results suggested that the extracts from fermentation process after 70% ethanol extraction had relatively high anti-inflammatory activities and that the Scutellaria baicalensis could be more extracted in FEE than others.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-55
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• 1986

Generally, the development of shipping is characterized by the amount of traffic flow (traffic volume) and seaborne cargo in the sea. Movement of ships is an essential element of constructing the traffic flow which is represented the dynamic movement of ships in the sea, but on the other band the numbers of arriving and departing the port is the basic factor consisting of the static movement of ships. The amount of cargoes by coastal vessels and ocean trade vessels have increased tremendously with the great growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the seaborne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic flow so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualities such as a loss of human lives and properties . And also the future coastal traffic is expected to increase considerably according to our economic development and high dependence upon foreign trade. Under the circumstance, to devise the safety of coastal traffic flow and to take a proper step of a efficient navigation, there is a necessity for analyzing and surveying the coastal traffic trend and the characteristics of cargo movement. In order to grasp the dynamic movement of ships in the Korean coast, O/D analysis is executed. This paper aims to secure the basic data necessary for a comprehensive plan and estimation of vessel traffic management system for the enhancement of safety, order and efficiency of vessel traffic in the Korean coast. The analyzed results of the traffic flow and seaborne cargoes of the Korean coast are summarized as follows : 1) The congestion by the vessels occurred around the ports such as-in proportion of ship's number (proportion of tonnage) -Incheon 18.5%(14.8%), Pohang 5.9% (9.9%), Samil 5.2%(8.3%), Mokpo 8.6%(0.8%), Pusan 13.5%(36.4%), Ulsan 9.1%(16.2%). 2) It is found that the area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed thatthe area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed that the coastal vessels are main elements constituting the coastal traffic and that there are much traffic flow among five ports as following through the precise O/D analysis of ship's coastal movement. Incheon-Samil, Ulsan, Pusan, Jeju Pusan -Samil, Ulsan, Incheon, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Inchoen, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Ulsan -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Samil -Ulsan, Pusan, Incheon 4) The amount of cargoes to abroad are in proportion about 81% of total and the amount of coastal cargoes are about 19%. Of those, cargoes in and out to Japan are about 26% and to South-east Asia are about 27%. 5) The chief items of foreign cargoes are oil(38.33%), iron ore(13.98%), bituminoous coal(12.74%), grain(8.02%), lumber(6.45%) in the import cargoes and steel material(21.96%), cement(17.16%), oil(6.81%), fertilizer(3.80%) in the export cargoes. 6) The 80.5% of total export cargoes and 92.4% of total import cargoes are flowed in five main ports. 7) The chief items of coastal cargoes are oil (42.45%), cement(16.86%), steel material (6.49%), anthracite(6.31%), mineral product(4.3%), grain, and fertilizer. Almost 92.24% of total import and export oil cargoes in Korea is loaded and unloaded at the port of Samil & Ulsan.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2013

This study was to improve cosmetical activity of thiamine di-lauryl sulfate (TDS) by encapsulation of nanoparticle with lecithin. Results showed that most of the nanoparticles containing the TDS were well formed in round shape with below 150 ~ 200 nm diameter as well as they were fairly stable in various pH ranges by measuring zeta potentials. The nanoparticles of TDS resulted in 85% cell viability of human normal fibroblast cells (CCD-986sk) when added at the highest concentration (1.0 mg/mL). The nanoparticles of Acer mono sap showed highest free radical scavengering effect as 88.1% in adding sample (1.0 mg/mL), compared to TDS solution of non-encapsulation (81.6%). The nanoparticles of TDS reduced the expression of MMP-1 on UV-irradiated CCD-986sk cells down to as 41.4%. The TDS solution and nanoparticles showed significant anti-microbial activities agaionst the salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes at 5 and 6 days as compared with control. Anti-microbial activities of TDS nanoparticles were similar to positive control. These results indicated that TDS nanoparticles may be a source for functional cosmetic agents capable of improving cosmetical activity such as antioxidant, whitening, and anti-wrinkling effects and can be further developed as natural preservative in cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.225-251
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• 2005

This study examines the changing paradigm of family welfare policy and tries to find an appropriate model for the delivery system of family welfare service. First, the study reviews the contexts of family policy in new paradigm, and traces the changing process of family welfare-related administration from the ministry of human and health to the ministry of family and gender equality. Second, the study examines the principles of the delivery system for family welfare service to pursue the advancement of family policy. In conclusion, it proposes an alternative model for the successful settlement into community of family welfare delivery system, and a desirable position and role of family support center. The principles of the delivery system of family welfare service is fundamentally to make family policy come realistic, such as strengthening family stability through the harmonic reconciliation of work and family, preventing any forms of families from social safety net, and securing happy lives. Comprehensiveness, continuity, effectiveness, and accessibility of the system are also needed. In particular, family support center, recently very controversial, could be better as a representative council of networking various kinds of community organizations in the fields of family welfare enhancement, rather than organization of direct service provision, such as family counselling, education and therapy. Finally, an alternative model of delivery system for family welfare service is presented.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.2 s.163
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• pp.161-178
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• 2006

Heathcote (1998) identified a systematic, seven-step approach to general watershed planning and management. It consists of 1) understanding watershed components and processes, 2) identifying and ranking problems to be solved, 3) setting clear and specific goals, 4) developing a list of management options, 5) eliminating infeasible options 6) testing the effectiveness of remaining feasible options, and 7) developing the final options. In this study the first five steps of that process were applied to the Anyangcheon watershed in Korea, which experiences streamflow depletion, frequent flood damages, and poor water quality typical of highly urbanized watersheds. This study employed four indices: Potential Flood Damage(PFD), Potential Streamflow Depletion(PSD), Potential Water Quality Deterioration(PWQD) and Watershed Evaluation Index(WEI) to identify and quantify problems within the watershed. WEI is the integration index of the others. Composite programming which is a method of multi-criteria decision making is applied for the calculation of PSD, PWQD and WEI (Step 2). The primary goal of the study is to secure instreamflow in the Anyangcheon during dry seasons. The second management goals of flood damage mitigation and water quality enhancement are also set (Step 3). Management options include not only structural measures that can alter the existing conditions, but also nonstructural measures that rely on changes in human behavior or management practices (Step 4). Certain management options which are not technically, economically, and environmentally feasible, are eliminated (Step S). Therefore, this study addresses a Pre-feasibility study, which established a master plan using Steps 1 through 5.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to help 10th grade students learn their science course more efficiently through an Earth System Education (ESE). ESE may contribute in the right view of nature and human by mitigating interdisciplinary in science and accomplishing harmonious tuition-studying. In this study, subject in 'Volcano explosion and Global climate change' is chosen by the ESE program and corrects are made so that it becomes suitable in 'Science' subject of the 7th curriculum and supplements this and inspects the application possibility. As a result of the analysis, the experimental group showed a positive change in almost all area; whereas, the control group was so only in cognition of science (p=0.003), interest toward science (p<0.001), attitude about science (p<0.001), etc. Experiment group in which ESE programs were applied shown higher accomplishment drawing in study accomplishment degree than the control group, which progress traditional class (p=0.038). Students from the experimental group were active, serious in attitude, self-directed in their studies during class. We can expect that the application of ESE programs has a good effect on scientific interest, curiosity enhancement of students, scientific talent and right view of nature height in science subjects on the basis of these result.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-228
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to grasp inconveniences and improvements by examining wearing condition and satisfaction of protective clothing targeting 114 Korean farmers and to suggest basic data for enhancement of pattern and wearing satisfaction of protective clothing by understanding problems of pesticide-proof clothing through comparative analysis on the size of its commercial products. Most of male subjects were in charge of spraying pesticide, whereas female were most likely to play an assistant role to hold the hose of pesticide applicator. Both of female and male subjects were very aware of the harmful effect of pesticide on human body and tried to take off the clothes immediately after spraying it to reduce possible damage caused by pesticide. As a result of examining wearing condition, the farmers avoided wearing protective clothing because that it feels hot, stuffy, and uncomfortable to move. This hesitant response of wearing the clothing was not shown significantly in case of female subjects who play an assistant role for spraying. Although the farmers wore protective equipments such as mask or gloves in a proper way as compared to protective clothing, they seemed to choose alternative way rather than best way to block pesticide completely. The satisfaction regarding to the fitting of protective clothing which the subjects showed low in all items of upper-lower clothes except waistline. It is necessary to improve the functionality such as relief from heat stress and convenience for movement rather than design or economic in protective clothing development. As a result of comparing the size of five kinds of commercial protective clothing, the farmers got confused to choose the product since designation method of size across companies showed a significant difference in an identical clothing size. In addition, the sizing system developed on a basis of a well-built man has become a hindering factor in wearing satisfaction of female farmers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2010

UV-protection skin whitening and immune activities several parts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum were investigated. The bark of both Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher yields than other parts as 2.67% and 2.45%. The cytotoxicity of the extracts were lower than 21.64% against human skin cell(CCD-986sk) line in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the highest concentration. The bark extracts of Acer mono greatly reduced the expression of MMP-1 on UV-irradiated CCD-986sk cells down to as 30%. At 1.0 mg/mL of bark extration of Acer mono, $PGE_2$ expression was also significantly decreased. Generally, the bark extracts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher activity than other parts, but, interestingly, wood extract of Acer okamotoanum showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production by Clone-M3 cells as 79.25%. From these results, we could conclude that the bark extract from Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had skin-whitening activity as well immune enhancement activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Ulva pertusa kjellman extract after undergoing a low temperature and high-pressure extraction process. First, the extracts obtained under the extraction conditions of 150 MPa and $80^{\circ}C$showed a relatively high antioxidant activity, with 90% super oxide radical activity compared to the extracts from conventional extraction process with water at $100^{\circ}C$. This extract also improved the growth of both human immune B and T cells up to $14.5{\times}10^4$ cells/mL and $14.2{\times}10^4$ cells/mL compared to $9.1{\times}10^4$ cells/mL in adding the extracts from conventional processes. It was found that the extracts obtained at 100 MPa and $60^{\circ}C$ showed better activities in NK cell growth and NO production from macrophage as $11.8{\times}10^2$ cells/mL and 30.0 ${\mu}M$. Overall, the extracts from high pressure and low temperature extraction process had relatively higher immune activation activity, possibly because the low temperature and high pressure extraction process may have higher yields of active compounds and have less damage to useful ingredients from relatively weak marine natural resources, such as Ulva pertusa kjellmann than that from the conventional extraction system.