• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2016

Transposable elements are one of major sources to cause genomic instability through various mechanisms including de novo insertion, insertion-mediated genomic deletion, and recombination-associated genomic deletion. Among them is Alu element which is the most abundant element, composing ~10% of the human genome. The element emerged in the primate genome 65 million years ago and has since propagated successfully in the human and non-human primate genomes. Alu element is a non-autonomous retrotransposon and therefore retrotransposed using L1-enzyme machinery. The 'master gene' model has been generally accepted to explain Alu element amplification in primate genomes. According to the model, different subfamilies of Alu elements are created by mutations on the master gene and most Alu elements are amplified from the hyperactive master genes. Alu element is frequently involved in genomic rearrangements in the human genome due to its abundance and sequence identity between them. The genomic rearrangements caused by Alu elements could lead to genetic disorders such as hereditary disease, blood disorder, and neurological disorder. In fact, Alu elements are associated with approximately 0.1% of human genetic disorders. The first part of this review discusses mechanisms of Alu amplification and diversity among different Alu subfamilies. The second part discusses the particular role of Alu elements in generating genomic rearrangements as well as human genetic disorders.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2007

An increasing number of primate genomes are being sequenced. A direct comparison of repeat elements in human genes and their corresponding chimpanzee orthologs will not only give information on their evolution, but also shed light on the major evolutionary events that shaped our species. We have developed REPEATOME to enable visualization and subsequent comparisons of human and chimpanzee repeat elements. REPEATOME (http://www.repeatome.org/) provides easy access to a complete repeat element map of the human genome, as well as repeat element-associated information. It provides a convenient and effective way to access the repeat elements within or spanning the functional regions in human and chimpanzee genome sequences. REPEATOME includes information to compare repeat elements and gene structures of human genes and their counterparts in chimpanzee. This database can be accessed using comparative search options such as intersection, union, and difference to find lineage-specific or common repeat elements. REPEATOME allows researchers to perform visualization and comparative analysis of repeat elements in human and chimpanzee.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.787-790
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• 1997

This paper proposes a method which selects essential elements in a human evaluation model using the Choquet integral based on fuzzy measures, and applies the model to the evaluation of human interface. Three kinds of concepts are defined to select essential elements. Increment Degree implies the increment degree from fuzzy measures of composed elements to the fuzzy measure of a combined element. Average of Increment Degree of an element means the relative possibility of superadditivity of the fuzzy measure of each combined element. Necessity Degree means the selection degree of each combined element as a result of the human evaluation. A task experiment, which consists of a static work and two dynamic works, is performed by the use of some human interfaces. In the experiment, (1) a warning sound which gives an attention to subjects, (2) a color vision which can be distinguished easily or not, (3) the size of working area and (4) a response of confirmation that is given from an interface, are considered as human interface elements. Subjects answer the questionnaire after the experiment. From the data of the questionnaire, fuzzy measures are identified and are applied to the proposed model. Effectiveness of the proposed model is confirmed by the comparison of human interface elements extracted from the proposed model and those from the questionnaire.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2007

Human muscle skeletal model was developed for biomechanical study. The human model was consists with 19 bone-skeleton and 122 muscles. Muscle number of upper limb, trunk and lower limb part are 28, 60, 34 respectively. Bone was modeled with 3D beam element and muscle was modeled with spar element. For upper limb muscle modelling, rectus abdominis, trapezius, deltoideus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii muscle and other main muscles were considered. Lower limb muscle was modeled with gastrocenemius, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and related muscles. The biomechanical stress and strain analysis of human was conducted by proposed finite element analysis model under Kumdo head hitting motion. In this study structural analysis has been performed in order to investigate the human body impact by Kumdo head hitting motion. As the results, the analytical displacement, stress and strain of human body are presented.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2008

Kendo is one of the popular sports in modem life. Head, wrist and thrust attack are the fast skill to get a score on a match. Human muscle skeletal model was developed for biomechanical study. The human model was consists with 19 bone-skeleton and 122 muscles. Muscle number of upper limb, trunk and lower limb part are 28, 60, 34 respectively. Bone was modeled with 3D beam element and muscle was modeled with spar element. For upper limb muscle modelling, rectus abdominis, trapezius, deltoideus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii muscle and other main muscles were considered. Lower limb muscle was modeled with gastrocenemius, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and related muscles. The biomechanical stress and strain analysis of human muscle was conducted by proposed human bone-muscle finite element analysis model under head, wrist and thrust attack for kendo training.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1113-1118
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• 2012

국제해사기구의 e-navigation은 선박 안전 운항을 위한 사용자 지향형 서비스 제공의 한 전략으로 인적요소평가를 적용하여 인간공학적 측면의 해결 대안 평가를 수행해야한다. 기존 국제해사기구의 인적요소평가 권고 지침은 규정 개발자의 입장에서 인적요소를 제시하고 있어 e-navigation에 요구되는 사용자 지향형 평가를 위한 새로운 인적요소 개발이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 국제해사기구의 기존 인적요소평가절차의 의미와 경과를 분석하고 사용자 지향적 새로운 전략인 e-navigation의 취지에 부합하는 새로운 인적요소평가절차를 위해 사용자 지향형 인적요소평가를 위한 인적요소 검토항목과 사용자 외부요인에 의한 위협요소 및 내부요인에 의한 인적 오류 요소를 개발하여 이를 반영한 e-navigation 인적요소평가절차를 도출하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.995-1001
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• 2001

The finite element human head model is developed for traumatic injury assessment. The model is constructed based on the precise anatomical geometry and validated with test results. In this paper, structural and physiologic explanation of human head will be introduced as well as the modeling methodology. Some of simulation results are also chosen to present major features of the model.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1741-1744
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed an adaptive skill element based on error signal. We assume that human progress their skills of actions based on errors, then an inverse dynamic of human motion have to changes. Human controller consists from feedback element (FB) and feed forward element (FF) and their elements cooperate to control actions. Under the assumption, we vary the connection of FF and FB by error signal. We propose the index function for change of a skill parameter. From results of the numerical simulations for the varying skill parameter with index function, we consider that the position error given by our vision changes the skill element and we confirm that the position error is the one of the estimate function for the improvement in our skill.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2010

Architectural design for school can be completed well when the environment-friendly elements are satisfied. In other words, the environment-freindly element could be most important idea for school planning, and one should have this direction for each element as a design goal. In this study, I defined the "environment-friendly" as the environment for nature and human. I examined what could satisfy those and would be its principles. I set up the criteria to satisfy each priciple. Most important factor to keep the relation between nature and human would be reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and a green belt would absorb it. Therefore, I think that there would be effective possibility when suitable conditions are applied in phases. Every school can have comfort as environment-friendly facility, at the same time, contribute to nature. Also, students can learn and study nature, and perform a duty as human.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제3호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1994

Interior design is an inerdisciplinary field that is in the early stages of theory development, it is necessary to build theoretical frame work for the research. The purpose of this study is to present interior design and guidelines in a three generation family apartment for the elderly, and to develop a theoretical framework on the basis of the human ecosystem approach for analysis of relations between elderly and environment. Analysis and investigations are done by literature review about residential environmental characteristics of the elderly based on the findings of the conceptual analysis. Environmenta elements of interor design related to elderly in a three generation family apartment are as follow ; First, Natural environmental element is orientation, site, temperature, local weather. Second, human behavioral element is privacy , interior design requirement based on physical and psychological effect, housing policy, behavior. Third, Human constructed environmental element is size of apartment space, interior design component, human dimension, aesthetic condition.