• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2013

Affective quality is considered one of the most influential factors for the competitive power of consumer products. Since the human affective response is very abstract and comprehensive, it is very difficult to understand and manipulate the Affective Quality in scientific method. This study suggested the three-level hierarchical structure of the human affection according to the human affective response process, and subdivided the Affective Quality into three subordinate concepts such as 'Organoleptic Quality', 'Affective Quality Factor' and 'Overall Affective Quality.' Also the categories of adjectives which used to express the human affections for the three levels of affective structure were suggested. The results of this study could be used as a frame of systematic approach method to the Affective Quality.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.793-800
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• 2012

Objective: This study investigated the problems that could be faced with when engineers try to improve the affective quality using the DMAIC model. Background: Affective quality is considered one of the most influential factors for the competitive power of consumer products and many engineers make effort to improve the affective quality. Since the Six Sigma process is effective and wide-used method for quality improvement, it can also be used to improve the affective quality. However six sigma tools cannot be directly used for affective quality because of the subjective and qualitative characteristics of the human affection. Method: Investigate the goals, processes and key factors of DMAIC model and find the difficulties to use six sigma tools for the affective quality. Results: Most of the problems arise from measuring and quantifying the human affective response level and understanding the relationship between the human affective factors. Conclusion: Both the protocol for measuring human affection and the monitoring system to find the affective response change for the product or service are required. Application: The results of this study could be helpful for the engineers not specialized in ergonomics to improve the affective quality in systematic approach.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

Tn the present study, 9 photographs from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) judged to express best 2-dimensional sensibility were selected and used to stimulate the subjects. The goal of the study lay in verifying whether or not the consequent affective changes in the subjects can be discriminated psychologically and physiologically in terms of arousal and relaxation. In order to determine affective changes, the physiological signals of the subjects' autonomic nervous system were measured through electrocardiogram (ECG) , galvanic skin response (GSR), skin temperature, and respiration. After stimulation and measurement, subjective evaluation was conducted. Subjective evaluation revealed that affective arousal level could be classified into 4 consecutive stages: arousal 〉 unpleasant arousal, pleasant arousal 〉 comfort 〉 relaxation. Analysis revealed that the responses of the autonomic nervous system, too, could be classified into 3 consecutive stages: arousal, unpleasant arousal, pleasant arousal 〉 comfort 〉 relaxation. By selecting and using 9 photographs from the IAPS deemed best to express Koreans'2-dimensional sensibility, the present study confirmed that it is possible to discriminate changes in the subjects' affective arousal level in terms of arousal and relaxation through psychological and physiological evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the age-related differences in the relationship and developmental tendency between Orphanage and Normal Children's affective and cognitive perspective-taking ability. The subjects were 5-year-old (N=64) and 7-year-old (N=64) children. In each group, there were equal number of boys and girls, 128 Children were composed of(male: 32, female: 32) and orphanage Children(male: 32, female: 32). Feshbach & Roe's child perspective-taking ability test was modified for this study and the test included four facial expression cards and six different stories including three types of affection. In the procedure of study, after a set of story cards containing one of three affective types, the subject was asked to retell the story shown in each cards to study cognitive perspective-taking ability, and for the affective perspective-taking ability. Then the subject was asked to tell the feeling of the hero in the story and to select one of the four facial expression which is consistent with the feeling. The cognitive perspective-taking ability and affective perspective-taking ability response were coded three kinds of scoring respectively. Scored data were analyzed with MANOVA. t-test, Pearson Correlations and Fisher-z test. The results were shown as follow : First, both Orpanage and Normal Children's the cognitive and affective perspective-taking ability increased with age. Secondly, both Orpanage and Normal Children's perspective-taking ability was lower than Normal Children's perspective-taking ability. Thirdly, both Orpanage and Normal Children's correlation between cognitive and affective perspective-taking ability increased with age.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 2009

This paper addresses analyzing affective color data for emotional interior design. Both the physical and psychological patterns for spatial colors were tested on thirty subjects, of which fifteen were male. All subjects participated in both the physiological and psychological experiments. The data on the reflecting subjects' affective moods is gathered through EEG physical experiments and SD (Semantic Differential Scale) method surveys. This research has suggested the relation of both experiments through affective color response. The methods of SPSS 10.0 and TeleScan Version 2 are used for analyzing response data to coordinate the colour palette with changeable moods. From the analysis of statistical data, all of the visual stimuli related emotional keywords and physiological responses. Finally, the initial goal of this research is to construct an affective colour database that is tested through human color perception by physical and psychological experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

LED lightings combined with IT technology can provide variable illumination environments that can be controlled by users according to their emotional need and preferences. This is one of the most beneficial functions compared with conventional lightings offering only fixed color and brightness. There is however lack of analysis data for creating practical lighting solutions satisfying user preferences in a wide range of applications from residential to commercial places. To materialize the technical advantages of user-controllable LED lightings, more observation data are required in various situations. Therefore, dissimilar emotional needs are determined in the present study for compartmental office spaces (staff lounge room, meeting room and desk job place) through subjective experiments by 45 observers. The optimum lighting conditions (CCT and illuminance) are finally obtained using Response Surface Method and relevant prediction functions are also deduced. The final outcome can be applied for making user-preferred office illumination products.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.102-120
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• 2002

The purpose of study is to understand human-technology integration mechanism by using the study model that takes the core concept and motivation assumptions of technology acceptance model(TAM) into account. This study identifies three motivation mechanisms in adopting or using computer mediated communication(CMC) tool for work. The mechanism comprises with extrinsic, extrinsic motivation, and subjective norm pressure. One hospital with 430 beds and 367 human power was identified and we administered the questionnaire during their work hours. There is 32.4% response rate. The fitting index of the study model surpass the acceptable level, GFI = .980 for none-users, GFI =.986 for users, NNFI = .973 for none-users, and NNFI = .989 for users. In the case of none-users, perceived ease of use determines perceived usefulness that explains behavioral intention to use. As a result, adotpers' usage motivation is based on extrinsic motivation that does not consider their affective factor, attitude, in use of CMC. Users considers their attitudes as the mediating factor of all behavioral beliefs for using CMC continually. Thus, users are likely to depend their adoption behaviors on their affective factor. Moreover, users' behavioral intention is subject to pressures of use from other persons who are important to them, such as supervisor, director, or boss. Achieving human-technology integration in a hospital may cause cost saving and work efficiency. However, the success of information system should base on a profound understanding of employees' adoption behaviors in rejecting, adopting, using, continually using of IT, and organization culture in using IT.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

In this research, Affective computing game has been developed which reacts with a player's bio-signals. A modified computer mouse will be used to collect bio-signals by GSR, FSR, and infrared thermometer. This modified computer mouse collect human bio-signals in non-intrusive way. The collected data is complementary reflected in 3 level of tension of a player. The player's tension affects on the game and the reaction for NPC will be followed. Then this leads to plot changes individually. To let diverse NPC reaction and interactive story telling, Live 2d and Inkle Script have been used. This research can be alternative method on the game development using Affective computing.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.201-213
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• 2020

Despite empirical research that the response to human risk is significantly influenced affective factors, the role of affective factors has been unexplored in information privacy research. This study aims to explore the privacy behaviors of location-based service (LBS) users from an affective point of view. Specifically, the study explored the relationship between three types of privacy threats (collection, hacking, secondary use), two affects (worry, anger), and a coping behavior (continuous use intentions). The structured survey was conducted with 552 users. In order to analyze the effect of the combination of perception of particular privacy threats and particular affects on the intention of continuous use, association rules, one of the data mining techniques, was employed. As a result, there was a difference in the intention to use according to the combination of the perception of risk and affect responses, and the most significant influence on the intention is when the second use of personal information was combined with anger. This study has significant theoretical contribution in that it includes affective factors in the research of information privacy users, complementing the biases of existing cognition-oriented approaches and providing a comprehensive understanding of privacy response behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.52
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• pp.203-210
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• 1999

We report on some of the preliminary results of the physiological responses resulting from vehicular speed changes. Healthy human subjects (n=5) were studied for the experiments. We measured the physiological responses of the subjects such as Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), and skin temperature for day and night vehicular speed change experiments, respectively. Before and after the tasks, we carried out a self-report for acquiring correlation with experiment results. Mean heart rate variability (HRV) and amplitude of GSR and skin temperature were calculated for 3 minutes duration in each state. The analysis of the physiological measures of ANS activity revealed that vehicle speed change-based affective state evoked arousal response pattern featured by HR acceleration, decrease of skin temperature, and increase of GSR amplitude. The obtained results show that despite some differences observed between each state, overall physiological responses show that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases as a result of the increase of speed.