• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.541-547
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• 2013

It is important to establish water treatment technologies for drinking water because Korea belongs to water-stressed country. Leachate from recent incident of foot-and-mouth disease has become an opportunity to be aware of the need to manage water quality. Water purifiers are adopted to four or five steps of filtration process. Each steps are composed of a sediment filter, a pre-carbon filter, an UF or a RO membrane filter and a post-carbon filter. And additionally a ceramic filter can be used as a final stage. In this study, operational conditions in each steps are examined and characteristics of each filters are investigated. SEM analysis is used for filter surface and shape investigation using 6 commercial samples. Pore sizes of the sediment filter, the UF membrane filter, and the RO membrane filter are 30~47 ${\mu}m$, 0.005~0.5 ${\mu}m$, and 0.025~0.25 ${\mu}m$, respectively. Specific surface areas of activated carbons are ranged from 622 to 1,308 $m^2/g$.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.121-135
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• 2010

This study was to analyze the architectural characteristics and facade construction of brick masonry auditorium through the Auditorium of Namsan Primary School in 1936. The results of this study were described separately as follows. 1. The auditorium is located away from the school buildings, and its plane is a chamber of rectangle type with an entrance installed on each of the four sides. 2. The external appearance is Renaissance eclectic style, laid red bricks on the lower wall of the window and having a mansard roof. The front and the rear are symmetric with respect to the projected wall at the center. 3. As to the structure of the building, a concrete lower wall was built on the concrete continuous footing, and the brick wall was constructed on the lower wall. The roof is queen post roof truss, and the wall girders were installed on the brick wall. 4. The auditorium has had a number of repairing and maintenance works, which changed the roof and windows outside and the floor, walls, ceiling, etc. inside. 5. The decorative elements of external appearance include lower wall, brick wall, entrances, windows, roof, and dormer windows. The brick wall gives verticality and solidity to the surface of the wall, and the lower wall and wall girders are connected like a cornice of the wall. The surface of the mansard roof and dormer windows express a stable vertically oriented shape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

The Korean rural landscape has changed significantly due to nationwide modernization and industrialization in recent years. Moreover, as urbanization progresses due to population and economic growth, rural areas surrounding the suburbs of cities are feeling the pressure of encroaching urban sprawl. Use of land for human-made structures such as road and housing development is also increasing, resulting in the destruction of nature in rural areas. Adopting a concept of conserving rural landscape in future development projects is therefore highly desirable.The main focus of this study is to look into the traditional concept of the village and to classify some elements of the traditional rural landscape. Daegu Metropolitan City, the third metropolitan city in Korea, is chosen as the subject of the study. The existing 227 villages have been studied on the basis of their principles and types of village locations in relation to the traditional concepts of 'Feng-shui' and 'Tackriji'. The characteristics of the village location are divided into two aspects: the natural landscape, such as topography, hydrosphere, and azimuth, and the historical and cultural landscape, such as customs(Only the natural landscape aspect is included in this study). The natural landscape, a condition of the village location, is divided into three areas: topography, hydrosphere, and azimuth. There are two types of topography: flatland type and mountain type. There are two sub-types in the mountain type: ridge and valley, which depend on the village location in relation to the shapes of the mountains. There are four types of hydrosphere which include waterways and three directions of mountain depending on the shape: front, behind and side. The direction of the village is analyzed from the direction which the houses in the village face. Therefore, the natural landscape element as a condition of the village location is closely related to the traditional concepts of the village.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.184-193
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• 2009

In recent years, the architectural interest in the apartment design has been getting focused on qualitative improvement and design differentiation. Especially the facade design differentiation is one of the most important elements in this matter. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic informations that can be referenced when architects are dealing with exterior design by analyzed design types and characteristics of apartment entrances. Target apartment of this study was whasung dongtan the 2nd phase new city districts which was planned to solve a housing shortage in the capital region. Having examined eleven pilot districts, four 1st construction areas, and eight 2nd construction areas, - total 23 complexes - 282 apartment entrances in 212 apartment buildings were carefully researched. Apartment entrance design can be divided into 15 different design elements: design types and combination types, direction, shape, height, approach types, exterior wall finishes of entrance, exterior wall finishes of lower parts of apartment, handrail types of slope, floor finishes of slope, distribution ratio of piloti, ceiling height of piloti, floor finishes of piloti, space use of piloti, window establishment between piloti and elevator hall, landscape elements of piloti. Design characteristics of building entrances were also analyzed in 4 groups (I, II, III, IV) divided by construction contractors ranking. In conclusion, first, design types and combination types can be classified into 15 different kinds, and the group I and II tend to show wider variety of entrance combinations. Secondly, the height and volume of extrude entrance type tend to increase in the group I and II. Third, the spatial configuration of pilotis appears to show more of 'pass + store + break' rather than 'access', as we get closer to the group I.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 2019

This study categorized 100 female subjects over 65 years of age into two groups. The first group is called 'early stage of varus', which is when the gap between the knees is less than 5 cm. The second group is called 'progressive varus', which is when the gap between knees is 5 cm (or more). We then analyzed their lower body shapes and life status. The results were as follows. The average gap between knees in the early stage group and the progressive group was 3.3 cm and 6.2 cm. Direct and indirect measurements of their lower bodies showed that subjects in the progressive group had longer legs than the other group because their legs were bent outwards. Most of the subjects were found to live in western housing conditions, but maintained sedentary lifestyles. A total of 60% of the subjects thought that they were in bad health conditions and said that they found it difficult to move their knees dynamically; in addition, 63.6% of the subjects in the early stage group and 73.5% of the subjects in the progressive group suffered from arthritis. Subjects in the progressive group were more aware than the other group that their legs were bent outwards. They also responded that bent legs do harm to their appearance and make their lives uncomfortable. Most senior females with varus did not seek medical treatment and did not buy clothes that can help change their varus. However, 95% of the subjects responded they were in need for clothes that could straighten the varus-type.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2019

This paper aimed at collecting sensor signals to extract characteristic parameter of the rotor. A vibration test rig has been developed to perform model tests. Signal characteristics were analyzed when driving normally. Envelope FFT Analysis is used to extract vibration components caused by periodic impacts from other vibration factors. Signal analysis was performed when load changes were given to speed sensors and vibration test rigs that show low frequency characteristics of the rotor and signal analysis according to rotational speed. The acceleration signal measured in the bearing housing has a small amplitude and produces only the rotational frequency component and harmonic component of the motor. As the number of rotations increases, the amplitude of acceleration can be seen. As the rotational speed increases, it can be seen that there is a difference in the shape of the original data and compared with the acceleration FFT graph, it can be seen that the noise is strong at low frequencies and the corresponding rotational frequency components are clearly represented. It can be seen that changing the load does not increase the main rotational frequency component.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to apply the types of urban street pattern and the shape of streets to the master plan of a religious community complexes. The street pattern is a framework of urban structure and to understand the urban structure is helpful to understand the nature of urban streets. By analysing the precedent researches, the types of street patterns are classified as a serial pattern, a branching pattern, a grid pattern and a web pattern. The street patterns are hierarchically composed and classified as a differential development and sequential development. There are boundaries and gates where the street space is differentiated to the more private level. The urban streets continue to the architectural streets such as arcades, deck streets, corridors, lobbies and halls. The purposes and results of the master plan of this religious community complexes are as follows. 1) The school area, housing area and service area are properly separated and connected. They are separated by the building masses and connected by the street space in between. 2) The street pattern of this complexes is a serial pattern where the streets are the center of each functional building groups. The entry square is divided by the symbolic building. The one branch is school street and the other is living street. These streets are combined again to the festival street. 3) The architectural streets are organically related to the urban streets. 4) Each street spaces are of adequate form according to its properties as a place. 5) There are boundaries or gates such as a gab between buildings, posts, arches and deck streets according to the relationship between streets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.1111-1117
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• 2022

Recently, interest in the circular economy has emerged in the industry. As a result, interest in Re-manufacturing, which makes old equipment similar to new products, is growing. In the machine tool industry with many aging equipment, the Re-manufacturing industry is essential, and among them, research on the performance improvement of gear type oil pumps was conducted. The purpose was to achieve the target performance of flow rate and volume efficiency by changing the shape of the gear pump housing clearance and inlet/outlet, and Computational Fluid Analysis and Central Composite Design were conducted using ANSYS CFX 2022 R2 and MINITAB®. The level of each determined factor was determined. 20 design points were derived, and the Flow Rate at each design point was calculated, and the Theoretical Flow Rate was calculated to obtain Volumetric Efficiency. The optimal design point was obtained when the Flow Rate was 140 lpm and the Volumetric Efficiency was maximum, the optimal design point was obtained when both were maximum, and the Surface Plot for each factor was obtained to identify the tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cross-sectional ratio of the courtyard, an external space that not only was used as a workplace, shelter, and playground in our lives, but also gave symbolic meaning to Koreans. Since the beginning of 2000, Hanok began to receive rapid attention from people, and Hanok construction and remodeling were actively carried out in urban and rural areas. In particular, Bukchon and Seochon in Seoul, around Cheonmachong in Gyeongju, and Hanok Village in Jeonju became popular places related to hanok, and Gyeongju, Buyeo, Gongju, and Iksan were designated as ancient districts to encourage the construction of hanok. However, although hanok is being built with national trends, support, and interest, attention is focused only on the external form, materials, and convenience of use, and the composition and system of the external space have not been properly reviewed. Therefore, this study aims to understand the functions and meanings of the yard in traditional housing, and to analyze the proportion of the height of the building surrounding the yard and the depth of the yard in terms of closure and opening. In addition, the system and characteristics of the external space of traditional architecture felt by this can be used as basic data in designing traditional architecture.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to estimate the pricing factors of residential lands in new cities by estimating the pricing model of residential lands. For this purpose, hedonic equations for each quantile of the conditional distribution of land prices were estimated using quantile regression methods and the sale price date of Jangyu New Town in Gimhae. In this study, a quantile regression method that models the relation between a set of explanatory variables and each quantile of land price was adopted. As a result, the differences in the effects of the characteristics by price quantile were confirmed. The number of years that elapsed after the completion of land construction is the quadratic effect in the model because its impact may give rise to a non-linear price pattern. Age appears to decrease the price until certain years after the construction, and increases the price afterward. In the estimation of the quantile regression, land age appears to have a statistically significant impact on land price at the traditional level, and the turning point appears to be shorter for the low quantiles than for the higher quantiles. The positive effects of the use of land for commercial and residential purposes were found to be the biggest. Land demand is preferred if there are more than two roads on the ground. In this case, the amount of sunshine will improve. It appears that the shape of a square wave is preferred to a free-looking land. This is because the square land is favorable for development. The variables of the land used for commercial and residential purposes have a greater impact on low-priced residential lands. This is because such lands tend to be mostly used for rental housing and have different characteristics from residential houses. Residential land prices have different characteristics depending on the price level, and it is necessary to consider this in the evaluation of the collateral value and the drafting of real estate policy.