• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2012

화재가 발생하고 피난이 개시되기까지의 과정에서 재실자의 행동을 예측하고, 그 과정에 소요되는 시간을 줄이는 것은 피난안전의 성패를 좌우할 수 있는 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 피난개시과정을 예측할 수 있는 논리적 근거를 마련하고자 연구문헌과 이론, 화재사례 등의 비교 분석 등을 하였다, 그 결과로서 화재발생장소와의 공간적 위치와 격리에 의해 피난개시까지 경과시간에는 상당한 차이가 발생하며, 후각 및 청각적 징후는 그것을 화재라고까지 바로 인지하지 않으며 시각적 징후 또는 피난방송, 다른 사람에 의한 통보 등에 의해 화재로 인지하는 경향이 강한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 화재를 인지한 후 바로 피난하는 재실자는 극소수에 불과하며, 피난개시까지 경과시간은 건물의 규모가 클수록 재실자별 경과시간의 편차가 크고, 호텔과 같은 숙박용도는 건물의 규모에 상관없이 경과시간의 편차가 크게 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

The 1100 foot [335 m] tall Wilshire Grand Center tower under construction in Los Angeles illustrates many key outrigger issues. The tower has a long, narrow floor plan and slender central core. Outrigger braces at three groups of levels in the tower help provide for occupant comfort during windy conditions as well as safety during earthquakes. Because outrigger systems are outside the scope of prescriptive code provisions, Performance Based Design (PBD) using Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NRHA) demonstrated acceptability to the Los Angeles building department and its peer review panel. Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB) diagonals are used at all outrigger levels to provide stable cyclic nonlinear behavior and to limit forces generated at columns, connections and core walls. Each diagonal at the lowest set of outriggers includes four individual BRBs to provide exceptional capacities. The middle outriggers have an unusual 'X-braced Vierendeel' configuration to provide clear hotel corridors. The top outriggers are pre-loaded by jacks to address long-term differential shortening between the concrete core and concrete-filled steel perimeter box columns. The outrigger connection details are complex in order to handle large forces and deformations, but were developed with contractor input to enable practical construction.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2017

Designed by star architect of Moshes Safdie, Raffles City Chongqing includes a total of 6 mega high-rise towers 250 to 380 m tall, a sky conservatory, a 5-storey high shopping mall and a 3-storey basement car parking. Located at the confluence of the Yangtze and Jailing Rivers, the site for the project is imbued with a significance that is immediately symbolic, both as a sign of Chongqing's important past and as a vivid indicator of the city's thriving present and future. The design for the project to be situated at this gateway takes as its governing idea the image of powerful sails upon the water. The outer facades of the project's eight towers - the transparent surfaces that will face the water to the north - are meant to recall a fleet of ancient Chinese ships, with their huge rectangles of white canvas filled by the wind. This is a $1.13million\;m^2$ mega scale integrated project of office, retail, hotel, service residence and high-end residence with the transportation hub and traffic circulation at various levels of the project. This paper presents the multi-dimensional hybrid design, engineering and construction of this mega scale project. The innovations and the cutting-edge technology used in this project are introduced and discussed benchmarking the design and construction of the skyscraper cluster in a major city like Chongqing of China.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.147-154
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• 2008

A simulation program is developed for the optimal design of small scale district heating and cooling system. Main features for the simulation program are the reliability and the easiness for the optimal design of the DHC(District Heating and Cooling) systems. In order for implementing those features, the operational characteristics according to the prime movers is modeled based on the materials of efficiency as a function of operational load. The unit energy load model is also developed extensively for several building types, of which the corresponding district consist, such as apartment complex, hotel, hospital, buildings for business and commercial use respectively. The specific features and the overall procedure of the simulation are described in brief in this paper. The results of the simulation for several test cases will be presented in subsequent study.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.825-832
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• 2008

A simulation program is developed for analysing thermal networking process between the District heating and the CES(Community Energy Supply) systems. The effects of thermal networking on the District heating facilities previously being operated are implemented using mathematical correlations in terms of the fuel consumption and energy load such as heating and electricity. The operational characteristics according to the prime movers is modeled based on the materials of efficiency as a function of operational load. The unit energy load model is also developed extensively for several building types such as apartment complex, hotel, hospital, buildings for business and commercial use respectively. The specific features of the newly developed program in simulation of thermal networking process in district heating is described in terms of the reliability and the easiness for operating it etc.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.667-689
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• 2014

Structural walls (also known as shear walls) are one of the common lateral load resisting elements in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in seismic regions. The performance of RC structural walls in recent earthquakes has exposed some problems with the existing design of RC structural walls. The main issues lie around the buckling of bars, out-of plane deformation of the wall (especially the zone deteriorated in compression), reinforcement getting snapped beneath a solitary thin crack etc. This study compares performance of a typical wall designed by different standards. For this purpose, a case study RC shear wall is taken from the Hotel Grand Chancellor in Christchurch which was designed according to the 1982 version of the New Zealand concrete structures standard (NZS3101:1982). The wall is redesigned in this study to comply with the detailing requirements of three standards; ACI-318-11, NZS3101:2006 and Eurocode 8 in such a way that they provide the same flexural and shear capacity. Based on section analysis and pushover analysis, nonlinear responses of the walls are compared in terms of their lateral load capacity and curvature as well as displacement ductilities, and the effect of the code limitations on nonlinear responses of the different walls are evaluated. A parametric study is also carried out to further investigate the effect of confinement length and axial load ratio on the lateral response of shear walls.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

In a hot water system using solar energy, solar heat is not simply collected by the heat collecting plate, but by heat exchange between the solar collector (flat or vacuum type) and the hot water storage tank. Therefore, the amount of collected solar energy depends on the hot water usage patterns that determine the temperature of the thermal storage tank. Also, if the temperature of the hot water stored in the storage tank exceeds the dangerous temperature during the summer, the heat must be released for safety. If the temperature of the hot water in the storage tank is low, it is necessary to heat by the auxiliary heat source. In this study, three buildings are defined as hotel, swimming pool, and school facilities. And we calculated the released heat energy, auxiliary heat source, and pure storage heat energy based on different hot water usage patterns and installation angle of the solar collectors.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.689-707
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• 2015

Progressive increase in population causing land scarcity, which is forcing construction industry to build multistory buildings having underground basements. Normally, basements are constructed for parking facility. This research work evaluates important factors which have caused the collapse of pile-anchor system at under construction five star hotel. 21 m deep excavation is carried out, to have five basements, after installation of 600 mm diameter cast in-situ contiguous concrete piles at plot periphery. To retain piles and backfill, soil anchors are installed as pit excavation is proceeded. Before collapse, anchors are designed by federal highway administration procedure and four anchor rows are installed with three strands per anchor in first row and four in remaining. However, after collapse, system is modeled and analyzed in plaxis using mohr-coulomb method. It is investigated that in-appropriate evaluation of soil properties, additional surcharge loads, lesser number of strands per anchor, shorter grouted body length and shorter pile embedment depth caused large deformations to occur which governed the collapse of east side pile wall. To resume work, old anchors are assumed to be standing at one factor of safety and then system is analyzed using finite element approach. Finally, it is concluded to use four strands per anchor in first new row and five strands in remaining three with increase in grouted and un-grouted body lengths.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2461-2476
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• 2013

To assess environmental contamination with carcinogens, carbonaceous compounds, water-soluble ionic species and trace gaseous species were identified and quantified every three hours for three days st three different atmospheric layer at the heart of chiang-Mai, bangkok and hat-Yai from December 2006 to February 2007. A DRI model 2001 Themal/Optical Carbon Analyzer with the IMPROVE thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) protocol was used to quantify the organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon content in $PM_{10}$. Diurnal and vertical variability was also carefully investigated. In general, OC and EC contenttration shoeed the highest values at the monitoring period o 21.00-00.00 as consequences of human activities at night bazaar coupled with reduction of mixing layer, decreased wind speed and termination of photolysis nighttime. Morning peaks of carboaceous compounds were observed during the sampling period of 06:00 -09:00, emphasizing the main contribution of traffic emission in the three cities. The estimation of incremental lifetime partculate matter exposure (ILPE) raises concern of high risk of carbonaceous accumulation over workers and residents living close to the observatory sites. The average values of incremental lifrtime particulate matter exposure (ILPE) of total carbon at Baiyoke Suit Hotel and Baiyoke Sky Hotel are approsimately ten time shigher then those air sample collected at prince of songkla University Hat-Yai campus corpse incinerator and fish-can maufacturing factory but only slightly higher than those of rice straw burnig in Songkla province. This indicates a high risk of developing lung cancer and other respiratory diseases across workers and residents living in high buildings located in Pratunam area. Using knowledge of carbonaceous fractions in $PM_{10}$, one can estimate the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Dachs-Eisenreich model highlights the crucial role of adsorption in gas-particle partitioning of low molecular weight PAHs, whereas both absorption and adsorption tend to account for gas-particle partitioning of high molecular weight PAHs in urban residential zones of Thailand. Interestingly, the absorption mode alone plays a minor role in gas-partcle partitiining of PAHs in Chiang-Mai, Bangkok and hat-Yai.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 1930 40년대의 한국영상자료에 대한 분석을 통하여 당시의 도시풍경을 고찰하는 것이다. 이는 시각 매체인 영화가 당대의 도시 경관과 인간 행위를 필연적으로 반영한다는 점을 전제로 진행되었다. 분석을 위해 1934년부터 1944년까지에 해당하는 8편의 조선 영상작품들이 선정되었으며, 영화 속에서 도시의 풍경은 크게 2가지의 특징으로 나타났다. 첫째, 근대적 건축물과 속도감의 교통수단으로 이루어진 거리 경관이 의도적으로 비추어졌는데, 이는 근대화의 빠른 물결 속에 놓인 경성을 시각적으로 표현한 것이다. 둘째, 도시의 아파트, 양옥, 백화점, 카페, 호텔 등 서구적인 분위기의 건축 공간들이 조명되었는데, 이는 소수 상류층의 생활상과 새로운 서구문화를 간접적으로나마 경험하고자 했던 대중들의 호기심을 충족시키기 위한 영화적 해결책이었다.