• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1003-1011
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• 2009

This study aims at precise control of oil outlet temperature in the oil cooler system of machine tools for enhancement of working speed and processing accuracy. PID control logic is adopted to obtain desired oil outlet temperature of the oil cooler system with hot-gas bypass method. We showed that the gains of PID controller could be easily determined by using gain tuning methods to get the gain of PID controller without any mathematical model. We also investigated various gain tuning methods to design the gains of PID and compared each control performance for selecting the optimal tuning method on the hot gas bypass method through experiments. Moreover, we confirmed excellent control performance with proposed PI controller gain even though disturbances were abruptly added to the experimental system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2011

본 연구는 현재 시판되어 산업현장에서 사용 중인 산업용냉각기의 대표적인 타입인 온오프 제어기가 채용된 냉각기와 토출가스 바이패스 제어기가 채용된 냉각기의 온도 제어 시스템의 운전특성 및 제어 특성을 비교분석하였다. 온오프 제어 냉각기보다 토출가스 바이패스 제어 냉각기는 최소 8%, 최대 20% COP가 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 산업 현장에서 좀 더 상황에 맞는 제품의선정을 할 수 있는 기초 자료로서 활용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.961-966
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• 2009

This paper presents precise temperature control of oil outlet in an oil cooler with hot-gas bypass control as an industrial refrigerator. The control system was designed for obtaining precise temperature control performance even though abrupt disturbances based on flow rate control of hot-gas bypass. PID controller was adopted in feedback control system. We showed that the gain of PID could be easily determined by using gain-tuning methods without any numerical model. Through some experiments, excellent control performances such as overshoot within 1.7%, steady state temperature error within ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ were established by a simple PI controller. We expect that the system can control the target temperature within error of $0.33^{\circ}C$ under abrupt disturbances.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2013

최근 공작기계 분야에서 가공속도와 가공정밀도 같은 시스템 성능이 한층 요구되고 있다. 특히 가공속도가 증가함에 따라 공작기계와 수가공 분야의 공작물 가공 부위에 유해한 열 발생을 초래하게 된다. 이 열은 가공 정밀도를 저하시키는 주된 원인으로 작용한다. 따라서 온도를 제어하는 오일쿨러는 공작기계에서 필수적이다. 일반적으로 두 가지 대표적인 제어기법인 핫가스 바이패스방식과 압축기 가변속 제어 방식이 오일쿨러에 채택 되었다. 본 논문에서는 공작기계에 사용하는 핫가스 바이패스 오일쿨러의 정밀한 온도특성을 얻기 위한 퍼지 제어기의 설계와 구현 방법을 다룬다. 출구 오일온도를 설정값과 실내온도로 잘 유지하도록 전자팽창밸브의 개도 각도를 제어하였다. 특히, 퍼지 제어기는 갑작스러운 외란에 의한 온도변화를 억제하는 기능을 포함하고 있다. 몇 가지 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법으로 목표 온도를 ${\pm}0.22^{\circ}C$정상상태 오차 이내로 제어할 수 있었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.782-790
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• 2011

Typical temperature control methods of a cooler for machine tools are hot-gas bypass and compressor variable speed control. The hot-gas bypass system has been widely used to control the cooler temperature in many general industrial fields. On the contrary, the compressor variable speed control is focused on special fields such as aerospace and high precision machine tools which need high precision control. The variable speed control system usually has two control variables such as target temperature and superheat. In other words, the variable speed control system is basically multi-input multi-output(MIMO) system. In spite of MIMO system, the proportional integral derivative(PID) feedback control methodology that based on single-input single-output (SISO) system is generally used for designing the variable speed control system. Therefore, it is inevitable to describe transfer functions for dynamic behaviors of every controlled variables and decide the PID gains with tremendous iteration process. Moreover, the designed PID gains do not provide optimum system performances. To solve these problems, high performance controller design method based on a state space model is suggested in this paper. An optimum controller is designed to minimize both control errors and energy inputs. This method was more simple to describe dynamic behaviors and easier to design the cooler controller which is MIMO system.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Recently, the needs of system performances such as working speed and processing accuracy in machine tools have been increased. Especially, the speed increment generates harmful heat at both moving part of the machine tools and handicrafts. The heat is a main drawback to progress accuracy of the processing. Hence, a cooler system to control temperature is inevitable for the machine tools. In general, two representative control schemes, hot-gas bypass and variable speed control of a compressor, have been adopted in the water cooler system. In this paper, comparisons of system performances according to the control schemes in a cooler for machine tools were conducted in detail. Each proportional-integral feedback controller for the two different control systems is designed. The system performances, especially the temperature control accuracy and coefficient of performance which is a criterion of energy saving, were mainly analyzed through various experiments using 1RT water cooler system with different two types of control scheme. These evaluations will provide useful information to choose suitable water cooler system for the engineers who design controllers of the cooler system for machine tools.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

Recently, the performances of speed and accuracy are enhanced in machine tools. The high speed of the machine tools usually causes harmful thermal displacements on the objects. To reduce the thermal displacements, machine tools generally adopt oil coolers with precise temperature control function. This study aims at precise control of oil outlet temperature in the oil coolers with hot-gas bypass manner based on PI control logic. The control system was designed for obtaining steady state error within ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ and maximum overshoot with 0.8% even though abrupt disturbances are added to the system. We showed that the PI gains could be easily decided by numerical simulations using practical transfer function which got experiments. Also, transient characteristics could be improved significantly by reflecting the inlet temperature of an evaporator to the output of a controller feedforwardly considering periodic abrupt disturbances. Through some experiments, excellent control performances were established by the suggested control.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2010

Recently, technical trend for machine tools is focused on enhancement of speed and accuracy. High speedy processing causes thermal and structural deformation of objects from the machine tools. Water cooler has to be applied to machine tools to reduce the thermal negative influence with accurate temperature controlling system. Existing On-Off control type can't control temperature accurately because compressor is operated and stopped repeatedly and causes increment of power consumption and decrement of the expected life of compressor. The goal of this study is to minimize temperature error in steady state. In addition, control period of an electronic expansion valve were considered to increment of lifetime of the machine tools and quality of product with a water cooler. PI controller is designed using type of hot-gas bypass for precise control of temperature. Gain of PI is decided easily by method of critical oscillation response, excellent performance of control is shown with 4.24% overshoot and ${\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$error of steady state. Also, error range of temperature is controlled within $0.2^{\circ}C$although disturbance occurs.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2013

최근 공작기계 분야에서 가공속도와 가공정밀도 같은 시스템 성능이 한층 요구되고 있다. 특히 가공속도가 증가함에 따라 공작기계와 수가공 분야의 공작물 가공 부위에 유해한 열 발생을 초래하게 된다. 이 열은 가공 정밀도를 저하시키는 주된 원인으로 작용한다. 따라서 온도를 제어하는 오일쿨러는 공작기계에서 필수적이다. 일반적으로 두 가지 대표적인 제어기법인 핫가스 바이패스 방식과 압축기 가변속 제어 방식이 오일쿨러에 채택 되었다. 본 논문에서는 오일 출구 온도를 설정값으로 유지하기 위해 압축기의 속도를 제어하였다. 공작기계의 정밀 가공이 요구되는 추세에 맞추어 ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$의 고정도 온도 제어가 가능한 오일쿨러가 요구된다. 그러나 정밀 온도제어가 가능한 오일쿨러는 가격이 고가이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 on/off(릴레이) 제어방식 대신에 PID 제어기와 위상각 전력제어 방식을 사용하여 정밀 온도제어가 가능한 오일쿨러용 제어기를 제안한다. 제안한 제어기를 제작하고, $23^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$ 그리고 $25^{\circ}C$에서 실험하였다.