• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

Background/Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in children and adolescents. Materials & Methods: Medical records of 31 DTC cases that were diagnosed and treated at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between 2002 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Most cases were papillary carcinoma (n=26), with female predominance (n=25). Median age was 16.4 years (range, 11.9-18.6 years). Extrathyroidal extension was present in 24 cases. Twenty cases had tumor involvement at cervical lymph nodes and three had lung metastasis. Twenty-two patients received radioactive iodide treatment with a median cumulative dose of 300 mCi (range, 100-920 mCi). During a median follow-up of 68.2 months (range, 2.3-191.4 months), serum thyroglobulin level was elevated in 15 patients. Among them, two cases had remnant thyroid tissue, 4 had recurrence at cervical lymph nodes, and the remaining 9 did not have any detectable lesion. All were alive, and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 45.2±10.1%. Age £15 years, tumor size, lymph node status (N1b), and distant metastasis had negative effects on EFS. On multivariate analysis, age and tumor size had prognostic significance. Conclusion: For DTC of children and adolescents (£18 years old), age ≤15 years and tumor size were prognostic factor. Therefore, patients in this age group need meticulous follow-up. Further studies are necessary to answer the potential influence of age on the incidence and behavior of DTC.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to analyze the effectiveness of albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) in predicting postoperative febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Methods: From January 2013 to May 2018, 332 patients underwent URS and RIRS. The rate of postoperative fUTI and risk factors for postoperative fUTI were analyzed using logistic regression. Patients were divided into postoperative fUTI and non-postoperative fUTI (non-fUTI) groups. AGR with other demographic and perioperative data were compared between the two groups to predict the development of fUTI after URS. Results: Of the 332 patients, postoperative fUTI occurred in 41 (12.3%). Preoperative pyuria, microscopic hematuria, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglobulinemia were more prevalent in the fUTI group. Patients in the fUTI group had larger stone size, lower preoperative AGR, longer operation time, and longer preoperative antibiotic coverage period. In a multivariable logistic analysis, preoperative pyuria, AGR, and stone size were independently correlated with postoperative fUTI (p<0.001, p=0.008, and p=0.041, respectively). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of AGR that could predict a high risk of fUTI after URS was 1.437 (sensitivity, 77.3%; specificity, 76.9%), while the cutoff value of stone size was 8.5 mm (sensitivity, 55.3%; specificity, 44.7%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that preoperative pyuria, AGR, and stone size can serve as prognostic factors for predicting fUTI after URS.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 1998

This study was performed to devise a sizing system for child hospital gown(uniform). The researchers surveyed the usage of child hospital gown and developed a sizing system for the child hospital gown. The suitability of revised size specification of gown was evaluated. 219 child inpatients participated in the survey and 13 child inpatients took part in the wear test. The results of the study were as following. 1) 71.7% of the subjects wore the uniform shirts. however numerous number of subjects did not wear uniform pants that the hospital provided(52.5%). The 68.2% of children who were shorter than 100cm did not wear uniform pants. 2) The most significant reason not wearing the hospital gown was unsuitable sizing system (42.1%). Inconvenience for donning and doffing comes next(26.2%). 3) The least satisfied garment size problems were the pants length and sleeve length. 4) The researchers developed a sizing system for the child hospital gown. The system provides 4 different sizes for children age from 2 months to 12 years. One-piece dress style was suggested for the smallest size(XS). The larger sizes(S. M. L) were designed in pajama style. 5) The sizing system developed in this study was moderately satisfied by the users.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2020

Background To produce patient-specific nasal implants, it is necessary to harvest and grow autologous cartilage. It is crucial to the proliferation and growth of these cells for scaffolds similar to the extracellular matrix to be prepared. The pore size of the scaffold is critical to cell growth and interaction. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the optimal pore size for the growth of chondrocytes and fibroblasts. Methods Porous disc-shaped scaffolds with 100-, 200-, 300-, and 400-㎛ pores were produced using polycaprolactone (PCL). Chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured after seeding the scaffolds with these cells, and morphologic evaluation was performed on days 2, 14, 28, and 56 after cell seeding. On each of those days, the number of viable cells was evaluated quantitatively using an MTT assay. Results The number of cells had moderately increased by day 28. This increase was noteworthy for the 300- and 400-㎛ pore sizes for fibroblasts; otherwise, no remarkable difference was observed at any size except the 100-㎛ pore size for chondrocytes. By day 56, the number of cells was observed to increase with pore size, and the number of chondrocytes had markedly increased at the 400-㎛ pore size. The findings of the morphologic evaluation were consistent with those of the quantitative evaluation. Conclusions Experiments using disc-type PCL scaffolds showed (via both morphologic and quantitative analysis) that chondrocytes and fibroblasts proliferated most extensively at the 400-㎛ pore size in 56 days of culture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7541-7546
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• 2015

Aim: To report the histologic findings on Whipple resection specimens and thus determine the extent and spread of carcinomas of ampullary region and head of pancreas in our population. Setting: Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A case series of 311 consecutive Whipple resection specimens received between January 1,2003 and December 31, 2014. Specimens processed for histologic sections and representative sections submitted and histologically examined as per established and standard protocols. All relevant tumor parameters including histologic type, histologic grade, pathologic T and N stage and tumor size were assessed. Epidemiologic data were also recorded. All findings were analysed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results: Ampullary (periampullary) carcinomas were much more common than carcinomas of the head of the pancreas, especially in males, with an average age of 53 years. Mean tumor size was 2.5 cms, over 54% were well differentiated. A large majority were pT2 or pT3 and N0. Carcinomas of pancreatic head were also more common in males, mean age was 55 years, mean tumor size was 3.5cms, and over 65% were moderately differentiated. The majority were T2 or T3 and pN1. Prognostically, significant statistical correlation was seen with tumor grade and pathologic T and N stage (p values statistically significant). However, tumor size was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Ampullary carcinomas are more common compared to pancreatic carcinomas. Majority of ampullary carcinomas were well differentiated while majority of pancreatic carcinomas were moderately differentiated. Large majority of both types of cases were pT2 or T3. Histologic tumor grade and pathologic T and N stage are significantly related to prognosis in Pakistani patients with ampullary and pancreatic cancers.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

Objectives : To study the effect of SB injection on tumor size in an advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient. Methods : A patient was clinically diagnosed as advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Stage IIIa). Four cycles of intravenous SB injection were conducted. Each cycle lasted 4 days. The content of 7vials SB was injected every day. To compare the tumor size before treatment and after four cycles of SB injection, chest computed tomography (CT) was performed. Results : Follow-up CT images showed that the tumor size was reduced. In admission, size of the tumor $6.7{\times}8.5{\times}9.5cm$ on the left lower lobe of lung. After SB injection, size of the tumor $5.6{\times}6.8{\times}8.4cm$ by Chest CT. The patient's symptoms such as cough, sputum were improving until four cycles of SB injection. Numerical rating scale (NRS) showed improvement of Chest pain from point 3 to point 0. Conclusions : This case study suggests that intravenous SB injection may have significant effects of anti-tumor for non-small cell lung cancer.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Purpose: In recent decades, amputation is still recommended for patients with extensive lower extremity wounds requiring coverage. Although the feet contribute relatively little to total body surface area, they are essential organ for ambulation, and a high mortality rate after amputation has been reported. We report on 10 challenging cases of a mangled foot which was reconstructed using an anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this technique. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 10 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery on a foot. Patients' charts were reviewed for age, sex, causes, defect size and site, flap size and type, flap type, and complications. Cases with a defect size of > $100cm^2$ were included. Results: Seven of the 10 patients were male, and overall mean age was 38.5 years (range, 22 to 61 years). Mean defect size was $179.6cm^2$ (range, 104 to $330cm^2$), and mean flap size was $193cm^2$ (range, 120 to $408cm^2$). Three cases were reconstructed with a musculocutaneous free flap and seven cases were reconstructed with a fasciocutaneous free flap. There were two occurrences of local wound complication. All ten flaps survived well, however five patients underwent a debulking procedure to reduce flap volume. Conclusion: Reconstruction of a near completely degloved soft tissue defect or a wide defect containing two or more surfaces of extremity with an ALT free flap was performed. The purpose of this case study is to report on free tissue transfer using the ALT flap for salvage of the lower extremity.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.109-128
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting on organizational commitment of military hospital nursing officers. For the purpose of this study, the self-administerd questionnaire survey was done with 440 military hospital nursing officers during february, 2001. The major results of the study were summarized as follows: By path analysis using LISREL 7.0, variables such as met expectations, work involvement, pay, work definiteness, positive affectivity, family support, peer support, promotion opportunity, expectations before entering a military hospital had significant positive effect on Job satisfaction in order of size, however, vertical conflict and horizontal conflict had significant negative effect in order of size. Variables such as job satisfaction, met expectations, promotion opportunity, positive affectivity, pay had significant positive direct effect on organizational commitment in order of size, however, job routinization, job opportunity had significant negative direct effect in order of size. It was found that the following variables, listed m order of size, had significant total effects on organizational commitment: job satisfaction, met expectations, positive affectivity, promotion opportunity, pay, vertical conflict, job routinization, family support, work involvement, work definiteness, job opportunity. In considering above findings, the program or plan for job satisfaction promotion, met expectations, fair promotion opportunity, adequate pay, work definiteness, solving conflict, positive affectivity promotion would be implemented to increase organizational commitment of military hospital nursing officers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.201-233
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find out the factors affecting on organizational commitment of hospital employees. For the purpose, the questionnaire-based research was done with 1280 hospital employees who were working in 2 university hospitals and 4 general hospitals located in Taegu City and Kyungpook Province from November 20, 1997 to December 22, 1997. The results of the study were summarized as follows. There were significant correlations among environmental variables, psychological variables, structural variables, vertical conflict, horizontal conflict, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. By path analysis, variables such as pay, work involvement, work definiteness, met expectations, positive affectivity, distributive justice, job security, expectations before entering a hospital had significant positive effect on job satisfaction in order of size, while, vertical conflict, job opportunity, and horizontal conflict had significant positive effect on job satisfaction in order of size, while, vertical conflict, job opportunity, and horizontal conflict had signifecant negative effect in order of size. Variables such as job satisfaction, job security, work involvement, pay, vertical conflict, met expectations, distributive justice, positive affectivity, work unit control, job autonomy, and job routinization had significant positive direct effect on organizational commitment in order of size, while, job opportunity, job hazards and resource inadequacy had significant negative direct effects in order of size. It was found that the following variables, listed in order of size, had significant total effects on organizational commitment : job satisfaction, job security, job opportunity, work involvement, pay, met expectations, distributive justice, positive affectivity, job hazards, and work unit control. In considering abovc findings, it is recommended that programs for job satisfaction promotion, job security, decrease of intent to leave, work involvement promotion, adequate pay, met expectations, distributive justice, positive affectivity promotion, job hazards decrease, and work unit control grant should be implemented to increase organizational commitment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of interpretation and reproducibility of a pulse analyser (MAXMAC27-Plus). Methods : 38 of 40 volunteers completed the pulse analysis consecutively. Three Korean medical doctors who had at least 2 years of clinical experience interpreted the pulse waves for 3 aspects of size, depth and shape, then inter-rater reliability and crude agreement was obtained. Reinterpretation was done 2 weeks later and intra-rater reliability and crude agreement was obtained. Intra-rater reliability and crude agreement between 1st and 2nd measurement was calculated. Cohen's weighted kappa for size, Cohen's kappa for depth and shape were used as statistical analysis. Results : Inter-rater reliability of size, depth and shape among 3 raters was 0.598, 0.604, and 0.312, respectively, showing moderate to substantial agreement. Average intra-rater reliability between 1st and 2nd interpretation of size, depth and shape was 0.806, 0.705, and 0.638, respectively, showing substantial to almost perfect agreement. However, intra-rater reliability between consecutive measurements of size, depth and shape was 0.221, 0.121, and 0.194, respectively, which showed only poor to fair agreement. Conclusions : Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of one pulse wave showed relatively high concordance. Training by a clinical expert may effect better concordance among raters. Test-retest reliability showed poor agreement. Improvement of measurement technique and device performance will be needed.