• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2016

The micron-sized indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis from aqueous precursor solution for indium, zinc, and tin and organic additives such as citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG) were added to aqueous precursor solution for indium, zinc, and tin. The obtained IZTO particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from the aqueous solution without organic additives had spherical and filled morphologies, whereas the IZTO particles obtained with organic additives had more hollow and porous morphologies. The micron-sized IZTO particles with organic additives were changed fully to nano-sized IZTO particles, whereas the micron-sized IZTO particles without organic additives were not changed fully to nano-sized IZTO particle after post-treatment at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and wet-ball milling for 24 hours. Surface resistances of micron-sized IZTO's before post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling were much higher than those of nano-sized IZTO's after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling. From IZTO with composition of 80 wt. % $In_2O_3$, 10 wt. % ZnO, and 10 wt. % $SnO_2$ which showed a smallest surface resistance IZTO after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling, thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, and the electrical and optical properties were investigated.

• 멤브레인
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 금속 중공사형 필터에 무기 입자를 코팅하여 금속/세라믹 복합 한외여과막을 제조하는 것이다. 직경이 2.0 mm이며 기공 크기가 $2{\sim}8{\mu}m$ 범위를 갖는 니켈 중공사 필터에 급냉건조법과 침지-건조법으로 실리카 졸과 티타니아 졸을 코팅하여 금속쎄라믹 복합 한외여과막을 제조하였다. SEM과 PMI 결과로부터 기공 크기가 50 nm 수준을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 기공 크기는 입자 크기, 소성시간 및 온도에 따라 차이를 보였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1999

반도체 산업의 wafer 가공공정에서 발생하는 폐수를 재활용하고자 한외여과 공정을 이용한 막분리 공정의 도입 가능성을 검토하였다. Pilot 규모의 장치에 분획분자량이 각각 10,000, 20.000, 30,000인 한외여과막 모듈을 이용하여 투과유속 및 제거율 등을 측정하였다. 투과수의 성상은 SDI15, 탁도, 전기전도도, 실리콘 농도분석을 통해 공정수로 재이용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 투과유속 저하를 막기 위한 역세척 방법으로는 압축공기와 물은 sweeping 하는 방법이 가장 효과적이었고, 이때 투과유속의 회복율이 높게 나타났다. 분획분자량 30,000인 한외여과막에서 가장 높은 투과유속을 나타내었다. 또한 폐수의 평균 실리콘 입자 평균 함량은 3.8-5.6mg/$\ell$이고, 투과수의 실리콘 입자 함량은 0.2${\mu}g$/$\ell$이하로 나타나 제거율은약 96%이상으로 나타났다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The effects of several factors including organic pigment blending and calending conditions on the surface and optical properties of coated paper were investigated. When clay and calcium carbonate are blended in the ratio of 7 to 3, highest smoothness and relative sediment volume were obtained. When organic pigments were added to the mixture of clay and calcium carbonate, the relative sediment volume did not changed significantly. However, when organic pigments were added to calcium carbonate, sheet gloss and smoothness were improved, and showed the better results than that obtained from the mixture of organic pigment and clay. When organic pigment is blended with clay, the particles of organic pigment are buried in the packing structure of coating layer. However, the particle shape of calcium carbonate is quite different from that of clay, and the aspect ratio of calcium carbonate is similar to that of organic pigment. Thus organic pigment particles are not buried and improved effectively the physical characteristics of coating layer. When the hollow sphere pigment was blended, opacity and sheet gloss were improved significantly. Even though the coating color applied was reduced, the similar level of opacity was maintained. Also, if particle size and void volume are increased, gloss is improved, because coating layer is easily transformed in calendering. Therefore, even though lower pressure was applied during calendering, the smoothness of surface of coating layer was improved, and the decrease of void volume in coating layer was reduced, and the quality of coated sheet can be improved.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2016

Spray dried $Cr_2O_3$ 분말은 겉보기밀도를 향상시키기 위해 plasma flame에 투입하여 실험을 진행 하였다. 첫번째 고밀도화 공정에서의 분말은 입자내부 공간까지 완전히 용해되어지지 않았으며, 두번째 공정 이후 완전히 용해가 되었다. 두번째 공정 결과 분말 입도는 작아졌으며, 용해 및 표면 연화에 의해 겉보기 밀도와 유동도는 향상이 되었다. 두번째 고밀도화 공정이 후 부분적으로 입자들이 $30{\mu}m$ 이상의 hollow structure을 보여주고 있다. 분말의 이러한 고밀도화는 plasma flame에 의해 응집되어진 응집체내의 열전도율 및 내부 가스압의 관점에서 정량적으로 논의 하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2003

Ce-doped $Y_2$SiO$_{5}$ phosphor particles of spherical morphology, fine size, high crystallinity and high photoluminescence (PL) intensity were prepared by spray pyrolysis. When nitrate precursor solution is adopted, hollow particles were formed by uneven drying rate between surface and inside of droplet. Citric acid and ethylene glycol were introduced as polymeric precursor to control the morphology of particles. When polymeric solution is adopted, polymeric chain is formed by the esterification reaction between carboxyl and hydroxy groups of citric acid and ethylene glycol, and considered as controlling the drying characteristics of droplet. $Y_2$$SiO_{5}$ :Ce phosphor particles prepared from polymeric precursor solution were spherical, filled, fine size and not agglomerate before and after post heat treatment. The optimum doping concentration of cerium was 0.5 mol% of overall solution concentration. The optimum amount of TBOS of high PL intensity and pure crystallinity of X2-type $Y_2$$SiO _{5}$ was 105% of stoichiometric amount. The PL intensity of $Y_2$X$/_{5}$ :Ce phosphor particles prepared using the polymeric precursor solution was 164% of that of the nitrate precursor solution due to homogeneous composition and good morphology.y.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2022

In this study, cement/PVDF hollow-fiber hybrid membranes were prepared via a mixed process of diffusion-induced phase separation and hydration. The presence of X-ray diffraction peaks of Ca(OH)₂, an AFt phase, an AFm phase, and C-S-H phase confirmed the hydration reaction. Good hydrophilicity was obtained. The cross-sectional and surface morphologies of the hybrid membranes showed that an asymmetric pore structure was formed. Hydration products comprising parallel plates of Ca(OH)₂, fibrous ettringite AFt, and granulated particles AFm were obtained gradually. For the hybrid membranes cured for different time, the pore-size distribution was similar but the porosity decreased because of blocking of the hydration products. In addition, the water flux decreased with hydration time, and carbon retention was 90% after 5 h of rejection treatment. Almost all the Zn²⁺ ions were adsorbed by the hybrid membrane. The above results proved that the obtained membrane could be alternative as basement membrane for separation application.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Production of weakly agglomerated nanopowders with the characteristic size of about 10 nm and a narrow particle size distribution is still a topical problem especially if the matter is an acceptable output (>50 g/hour), a high purity of the final product, and a low (energy consumption. The available experience and literature data show that the most promising approach to production of such powders is the evaporation-condensation method, which has a set of means for heating of the target. From this viewpoint the use of pulsed electron accelerators for production of nanopowders is preferable since they allow a relatively simple adjustment of the energy, the pulse length, and the pulse repetition rate. The use of a pulsed electron accelerator provides the following opportunities: a high-purity product; only the target and the working gas will interact and their purity can be controlled; evaporation products will be removed from the irradiation zone between pulses; as a result, the electron energy will be used more efficiently; adjustment of the particle size distribution and the characteristic size of particles by changing the pulse energy and the irradiated area. Considering the obtained results, we developed a design and made an installation for production of nanopowders, which is based on a hollow-cathode pulsed gas-filled diode. The use of a hollow-cathode gas-filled diode allows producing and utilizing an electron beam in a single chamber. The emission modulation in the hollow cathode will allow forming an electron beam 5 to 100 ms long. This will ensure an exact selection of the beam energy. By now we have completed the design work, manufactured units, equipped the installation, and began putting the installation into operation. A small amount of nanopowders has been produced.

• 청정기술
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

연료전지의 산소환원반응용 백금 촉매의 높은 비용을 극복하기 위하여 나노 구조 제어를 통한 고성능의 백금 합금 촉매 개발 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄소에 담지된 니켈-니켈 질화물 복합체와 백금 이온 간의 갈바닉 치환 반응 시 용액의 pH 조절을 통한 촉매의 나노구조를 중공형이나 코어-쉘 구조로 제어하는 방법을 제시하였다. X선 회절 분석과 투과전자현미경, 유도결합 플라즈마를 이용한 분석을 통해 합성 조건에 따른 금속의 상태와 함량 및 합금 입자의 형상에 대한 물리적 특성 평가를 수행하였다. 제조된 촉매를 산소환원반응 촉매로 적용하였으며 상용 백금 촉매 대비 1.7배(중공형 촉매) 및 1.9배(코어-쉘 구조 촉매) 개선된 전기화학적 활성 면적 당 활성을 나타내었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.150-162
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• 2022

수처리 및 의약바이오 분야에서 유효물질 분리에 활용되고 있는 알루미나 중공사 분리막은 얇은 두께로 인해 취급 및 적용시 쉽게 파괴되는 단점이 있기 때문에 분리막의 강도를 100 MPa 이상으로 향상시키기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 나노입자의 함량을 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%로 증가시켰을 때 제조된 중공사 분리막의 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 나노입자의 함량이 증가함에 따라 중공사 분리막의 강도는 79 MPa에서 115 MPa로 증가하였으며, 밀도는 1.76 g/m³에서 1.88 g/m³으로 증가하였고 기공률과 평균기공크기는 각각 51%에서 48%로, 416 nm에서 352 nm로 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 스폰지구조가 발달하고 스폰지구조의 기공크기가 향상된 알루미나 중공사 분리막은 100 MPa 이상으로 기계적 강도가 향상되었으며, 약 100000 GPU의 높은 질소 투과도 및 약 3000 L/m²h의 높은 물 투과도를 나타내었다. 따라서, γ-알루미나 나노입자를 소결조제로 첨가하는 것은 α-알루미나 중공사 분리막의 기계적 강도를 효과적으로 증진시키고 높은 투과성능을 유지할 수 있는 매우 유효한 방법임을 확인하였다.