• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.3-23
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• 2010

This essay questions and attempts to answer why and how Shakespeare set his plays in time and space other than his own England. Bakhtin's concept of chronotope as integrated time-space offers a model of establishing "a historical poetics." Shakespeare's chronotope has been either negated as mere names for transcendental ideas by universalists, or reduced to a "cover" for contemporary England by historicists. Refuting such either/or approach, this essay claims chronotopic dynamics of both/and as Shakespeare's intentional poetics of ambiguity. While Shakespeare clearly wants to build fictional chronotope distant from reality and does so through verbal repetition, character names, alternation of locales and speaking directly to the audience, he also brings in reality through the figure of clowns and the theatrical space of platea. Anachronism and topological errors ensuing from chronotopic collision register desire to produce multiple meanings. Shaped by historical forces such as Renaissance poetics, education, censorship and new geography, chronotopic form itself is a witness of historicity as much as the coded ideological messages New Historicists industriously delve out. Shakespeare's chronotopic dynamism offers the space for dialogue and appropriation to modern readers, a practice no less worthwhile than history lesson.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2024

The study aims to examine the development of the South Korean music industry over time in order to capture the evolution process of the industry from its initial stages to its current state as one of the world's leading music markets. Based on the above consideration, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to provide an overview of the achievements of the South Korean music industry with the help of PRISMA method. The reason for doing this is to ensure that the process of selecting, filtering and collecting literature from different sources is not only efficient and time-saving but also rigid and coherent. This paper will explore the various elements that have defined the industry, including culture, technology, marketing and government policies and regulations (Jang & Song, 2017). Furthermore, it will inquire the effects of the K-pop cultural export on other industries, whether it be tourism, fashion, consumer goods, and more, thereby illustrating its vast significance. In more detail, this study aims to give an adequate idea about the historical accomplishments of the South Korean music industry in the global music map, identify factors that facilitated the enhancement of the industry and examine the significance of the findings and their applications for the industry's progression and development in the future.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.30
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• pp.7-29
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• 2013

A movie which brought its material from a historical character or incidents in the past was produced by a story suggestion through a historical fact. It is because Shakespeare created a story based on a mythical element related with his life in the plot which was written from the script of the play and was on the show in the cinemas of London. It is an obvious fact that the historical drama of this movie was intentionally modified and the fictional story was added to episodes in order to create a dramatic effect. However, reflecting historical backgrounds and cultural aspects accurately through a historical study would also be an important factor. Therefore, the backgrounds and aspects presented in this movie are a kind of storytelling which was reconstructed as if a historian added his opinion to historical facts like a discourse. A historical background in was a story about Shakespeare who worked at the theater in London as a writer in 1593 the period of England Reneissance. The movie included the working and playwriting of Shakespeare who is a main character. This indicated not only the environment of the theater and literature during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I but also historical aspect in the early modern industrial society in England. This movie, that is, described that time as a recreation such as a cultural acceptance and an achievement of an initial capitalism in Renaissance in the life of characters. In particular, the factor of theaters flourishing during the Renaissance was because a newly emerging class, bourgeoisie, who held the capital emerging from a policy for middle class led to a box office hit through founding theaters and drama company and selling tickets and performing plays by themselves. Like this, the movie depicted the time led by plays to a industrialization. Moreover, Social aspects in the late 1500s were revealed in this movie through a depiction of the cinemas and the city of London. The depiction of the city of London reflected a social situation of an initial capitalism rapidly developed in trade and commerce. The social aspects such as conflicts between social classes based on getting richer and poorer, mammonism, a corrupted love between the male and the female, a immortality with growing brothels, religious and political conflicts with the foundation of the church in England were closely linked with characters' daily routine at that time in London and were reflected in this work overall. The reason why we highlight characters' job and custom like this in the movie is that these are ideationally inherent in a critical mind from people at that moment. The historical background and reproduction of the image depicted in the movie were focused on characters' daily routine and indicated the problem mentally and independently exposed in the form of initial capitalism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.463-474
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• 2000

The purposes of this study is to investigate the characteristics of historicism in modern fashion and to introduce the appropriate approaching and application method of costume history. As one of the characteristic of Post modernism, historicism is an important theme in modern fashion. In this study, the background and the characteristic of Post modernism is considered and the historicism in the Post modern architecture and literature is studied. Next, through the artworks of Vivienne Westwood and Christian Lacroix who are excellent in the modernization of historical costume, the historicism in modern fashion is studied. The characteristic of historicism in Post modem architecture and literature comes from the nostalgia, aspiration for the past, and recurrence to the nature. It is not the revival of the past but the crossover of the past and the present. The characteristics of historicism in modern fashion are as follows. ·form; style, silhouette, and items that are shown in the historical costume come with the mixture of modem textile, new technique, and modem design. ·Materials and patterns; classical and romantic patterns, the artwork of the artist, and the fabric which is remake of remains are used. ·Technique; Tailoring techniques and the pattern making of the historical costume are used. ·Trimmings and etc.; Lots of handworks, trimmings and accessaries in that are inspired from the past are used. These elements are not come from a certain place and time but mixed surpassing places and times. With that, not only the form and the position of wearing but the meaning and purpose of wearing are changed.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.27-49
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• 2011

This article proposes to stay away from contemporary critical arguments concerning Michael's value system, which is construed mainly from his choice between his patrimonial lands and his son Luke. Presuming that Michael's value system as have been argued so far could never be the poet Wordsworth's own concern at the time of the composition of the poem "Michael," this article proposes to get back to the all too real socio-historical situation of the early nineteenth-century England. Mere consideration of the socio-historical situation, when combined with a close reading of the poetic text (a close reading of both the poetic story and the poetic history from which the story may be said to have been constructed), directs us to the poet working on the simple paradigm of 'the country and the city at war with each other' but the victory having been given to the city already. The guarantee contract for a supposedly prospering nephew's debt and the letter from another prospering relative in London are undoubtedly the key elements that lead us to the war paradigm. Michael's family members, each and all including Michael himself, and all of their village people, have been imbued with the city's commercial values, which renders them all the more easier victims within the war context. Luke's defeat in the city is viewed as being really the consequence, rather than the cause, of Michael's defeat, which became apparent as soon as the news of the latter's financial disaster reached his ear. Michael should therefore be regarded as one of the typical English countryfolk of the time, with whom Wordsworth often, but not always, identifies himself. Insofar as the economic view or attitude is concerned, there certainly is a distance between Michael and Wordsworth, this article argues.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.793-820
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• 2009

The studies of correspondence between novel and nation-state, among which The Rise of the Novel by Ian Watt is supposed to be the first book, have flourished for more than twenty years, encouraged by Benedict Anderson's and Cathy Davidson's works. According to them, the novel should come simultaneously with, or after the foundation of the nation-state, and testify to its production or the emergence of its subject/citizen. This paper questions about these prepositions, trying to introduce a new paradigmatical approach, "between global and transnational historical approach," to first novels in transatlantic areas including England and atlantic coastal areas. In its complex relation to a variety of colonial, post-colonial, and transnational geopolitics, various cultural practices such as history, traveler's tales and epistolary novels can be included in the genre of the novel. The idea of the sexual contract by Carole Pateman is very useful because it helps more clearly understand the nature of relation between men and women in the capitalist reproduction, while the social contract tells about the relation between men as citizens. Unlike Freud in Totem and Taboo, Zilboorg argues that there were primordial and violent scenes such as rape before the first sexual contract. This paper will illuminate that "the rise of the novel" corresponded with the emergence of the sexual contract. In the so-called first novel Pamela, the heroine Pamela was threatened to be violated by Mr. B., and was really even confined in his cottage. Mary Rowlandson's The Captive Narrative shows that her body was confined as an English female captive, and troubled with imaginary rape by Indians which resulted in the unequal sexual contract between her and her puritan community in America. However, Leonora Sansay's Secret History in an alternative communality, which was not a nation-state, was different from both novels mentioned above, in that it shows the possibility of emancipation from their unequal marriage, the sexual contract. Therefore, it can be argued that "between global and transnational historical approach" has a possibility to provide a new vision of global sisterhood and solidarity to recognize globalized women's violence, and free themselves from the unequal sexual contract.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.301-328
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• 2010

Many recent British novels engage with the construction and deconstruction of history and identity; and in dealing with these historical, or historicised novels it seems to be an untouchable ground that truth is beyond grasp. Even when approached, its authenticity should be examined under the post-modern "incredulity toward metanarrative" discourses. Julian Barnes's 1998 novel England, England may be one of these. Yet, unlike others it achieves a complicated and controversial status as a new kind of historiographic metafiction by providing selfconscious reflections on the invention of innocence and the questionable notion of historical authenticity against the background of current postmodern historical, cultural, and literary explorations. The book, set in a near-future, namely post-post-modern England, starts with a story of a young girl, Martha Cochrane, whose first memory goes back to her early infantile years. Yet, the narrator comments that it is a lie, "her first artfully, innocently arranged lie," since memory, or history, is a product of identity, and vice versa. Her memory of the jigsaw puzzle is both a reminiscent and a significant component of who she is now, both a simulacrum and the original of herself. The correlation between her individual memory and identity parallels that of a region, England, in formation of its history and nationality. "England, England" is the replicated miniature of the former glorious Kingdom as well as a becoming der Ding an sich (the thing itself). In search of the English history and identity, the author satirizes the modern mind's perception of the unreliability and arbitrariness of memory and history, and further explores the alternative to the postmodern discourses by suggesting the probability of inventing innocence glimpsed in children's face "believing while disbelieving." In doing so, the author reconstructs not only the history of Englishness on the ground where nothing seems to be solid, but more importantly also the postmodern theme of relativity in relation to memory, history and identity.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.65
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• pp.365-396
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• 2020

I examined the archival basis of two historians who wrote history books with the same title of 'History'; Simaqian of ancient China and Herodotus of Halikarnassos. I examined a prejudice to these two history books, a misunderstanding of them as an imagination rather than a history. How can an imagination become a history? First, I explained the common characteristics found in their compilation and writing of 'History.' Simaqian and Herodotus did their field-works in historical sites, gathered oral-histories, and arranged archives they collected. These two historians heavily engaged in archival works in terms of verifying authenticity and reliability of their sources on the basis of historical empiricism. There are some misunderstanding on their archival endeavor and on the very nature of archives and historical studies as empirical studies. Furthermore, this misunderstanding regarding them as literature came from a confusion over the concept of literature. The creativity of literature is not equal to the "fictitiousness" of history despite historical works sometimes may give us an impression by the way of describing and providing insight into a certain event(s) and a person(s). As Herodotus said, a recognition of the differences of each race and human is a departure of historical archiving of the valuable experiences of human-beings. By doing so, natural results of archival behaviors, preservation of the records, and consistent inquiry of historian-archivists become a humanistic passage overcoming the current wrong trends of historical studies confined to a narrow nation-history.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.21
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• pp.1-60
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• 1991

In this study, Two divisions(language and literature) in schemes of the DDC are discussed. And the adaptation of these divisions to the minor or oriential countries are seggested. In spite of the continuous study and revision of the experts, the frameworks of these systems are still kept unchanged. Only their subdivisions, reflecting those developments In the academic world are developed and detailed more sophisticatedly. Of those subdivisions in DDC, especially the two subdivisions of language and literature are seriously unbalanced. The two divisions give the attention too much to the Western including the English, Deutsch and French. Relatively the languages and literatures of the other nations are treated lightly. It results more problems to the Oriental and the minor nations. So, the libraries of these nations should modify the schedules and develop the subdivisions items of the local emphasis. Considering these problems the historical changes of the DDC system in the languages and literatures are clarified and the problems occurring from unbalanced allocation of the classed items are examined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.83-98
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• 2023

This study summarizes the research methods, subjects, research processes, and achievements of major researchers by analyzing previous research results on Korean food history. The goal of the current study aimed to seek the methodology and direction of 'food history research'. Literature data from 1945 to 2022 were examined. Results of excavation research on ancient food literature were divided into the following stages: the 1980s, when the foundation for 'cataloging' was laid, and the 2000s, when 'digitization' was achieved. Achievements of each period were collected, and the achievements and limitations were analyzed. Next, the research results were classified into 'Food technology history', 'Recipe change history', and 'Food culture and dietary history'. We observed that around the 2000s, anthropology and folklore research perspectives were reflected, and the research on 'history of diet' reached a turning point. Our results indicate the possibility that food history can develop as a special historical area. This could be achieved by establishing an exchange system with other disciplines and creating a systematic curriculum.