• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2018

This study comprehends that the landscape of Ipsan Village is the accumulated output of the landscape management and social behavior by the historic personages through the reference research and field surveys. And the study sorted out the over-layered landscape characteristics of Ipsan Village by analyzing the dispersed landscape elements as follows. First, right before the start of Japanese invasions to Korea(1592-98), Tamjin(耽津) An(安) Family moved into Ipsan and started establishing the a single clan village. At a site with mountain background and facing the water(背山臨水), the village used to be a typical farming one with an organically planned road-system and housing area following the traditional order. However, the landscape has changed drastically since the 20th century with the construction of banks, roads and readjustment of arable land etc. Second, the original landscape, which can be figured out through the 'Gosanjaesibyukgyeong(高山齋十六景)' in the 18th century, shows its harmony with natural landscape: mountain & valley, stream & field, traditional trees, etc, cultural landscape: village, well, spring, etc, and momentary landscape: seasons, time, weather phenomena, sound, behavior, etc. Third, based on the second, 16 natural landscape elements: mountain & stream, planting, etc. and 25 cultural landscape elements: housing spaces, self-cultivation & ceremony spaces, community spaces and modern education & enlightenment spaces were selected and interpreted as landscaping meanings. Fourth, the over-layered landscape which stems from the compositive functions and inter-connectivity of landscape elements which consists Ipsan Village is regarded as 'Natural geographical and Fungsu landscape', 'Rural production and livelihood landscape', 'Confucian ceremony and symbolic landscape' and 'Modern education and enlightenment landscape.'

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2020

This study examined the definition and major values, the designated procedures and types, and the designation trend in Korean scenic sites and national parks in the United States. Based on this, the analysis of the characteristics of the designation of the two natural heritages. The results are as follows; First, Scenic Sites has characteristics of complex heritage that includes academic, historical, and humanities values on the basis of landscape. As a natural heritage based on public nature, the U.S. National Park aims to contribute to the people's natural heritage and satisfy both ecological and historical values through the protection of the landscape. Second, the designation of a scenic sites are decided through deliberation by the Cultural Heritage Committee after the request of the owner, manager, or local government or by the authority of the head of the Cultural Heritage Administration. The designated survey is divided into basic resource surveys and resource surveys by type. Since the initial designation of the Sogeumgang Mountain in Cheonghakdong, Myeongju in 1970, the number of designated scenic sites was low until the 2000s, but the number of designated scenic sites has increased rapidly since 2006 due to the policy to promote the scenic site, and the proportion of natural and historical and cultural scenic sites has been balanced. The designation of the U.S. national park is decided by the Congress or the president, and the National Park Service makes a series of decisions on whether to conduct a special resource study of provisional resources through a preliminary inspection survey, whether to satisfy the criteria for designation of national parks based on the results of special resource research, and to prioritize them. The U.S. National Parks have been expanded not only by Congress but also by the president's empowerment to designate them as national monuments. With the integrated operation of the National Park Service, the number of designated cases increased as the national park included the heritage sites under the control of various ministries. In addition, a number of historical areas were designated by the enactment of the Historical Site Act, and recreational areas were designated to provide leisure space and classified and managed in a total of 18 units. Third, the comparison of the designation characteristics of the two heritage properties confirmed that the designation of natural heritage with complex value, the classification of types according to complementary designation system and resource characteristics, the establishment of the competent ministry and the balancing of the heritage according to the designation policy. The two heritages had the characteristics of complex natural heritages that met ecological, historical and academic values at the same time based on landscape and public nature. In addition, both countries have identified a system for deliberating the designation of heritage through a basic resource survey and an in-depth designation survey, and classified each type according to the characteristics of the resource. In addition, the policies for promoting scenic sites in Korea and the integrated operation of the National Park Service in the U.S. influenced the designated aspects of the two heritage sites, balancing natural heritage with historical and cultural heritage. Fourth, the resource types and conservation management methods of Scenic site and National Park were largely related. The natural areas of the U.S. National Park include types of natural monuments in Korea as major resources, and have characteristics similar to natural scenic sites. In addition, historical resources were similar to the criteria for designation of historical and cultural scenic sites in terms of landscape, and the aspects of war and celebrity-related relics were related to the types of historic sites. In terms of conservation management, the natural area of the U.S. national park has a way of keeping the original ecosystem intact, but the Korean natural heritage protection system is likely to be useful for focusing on the resource of viscosity. Meanwhile, historical resources include historical sites and historical and cultural scenic sites in the traditional era, but historical relics in the U.S. National Parks have set a time limit to modern times for war history and celebrity-related relics, and the active provision of entertainment programs based on existing resources was derived as a difference.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2019

From the "Recommendation on the Safeguarding of the Beauty and Character Landscapes and Sites"(1962) to the "ICOMOS-IFLA Document on Historic Urban Public Parks"(2017), 'the spatial safeguarding Concept of Cultural Heritage' in International Norms has manifested in various types. In this article, 24 types of International Norms that reflect 'the concept of Spatial Safeguarding in Cultural Heritage' and Korea legal system such as 'Historical and Cultural Environment' were analyzed in the following two aspects. The first aspect is 'Object Type to safeguard' and analyzed in four types such as 'Groups of buildings(A type)', 'Surrounding, Environment, Setting(B type)', 'Cultural landscape(C type)', 'Historic area and Historic towns(D type)'. The second aspect is 'Safeguarding value(analysis elements)' and analyzed in the following tree elements ; 'Landscape value' such as skyline, 'Intangible value' such as the functions of cultural customs, and 'Ecological value' that should preserve life itself. As a result of the study, 'the concept of Spatial Safeguarding in Cultural Heritage' including C and D type and three value which are trends of International Norms are reflected in Korea legal system, and concrete safeguarding methodology is also implemented systematically in case of ecological value. However, intangible values are not specific to the methodology in both International norms and Korea legal systems, and should be developed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2021

This paper attempted to examine the value of private house garden as a historical garden among local cultural heritages remaining in Chungcheong-do Province. To this end, the following conclusions were drawn through the framework of value analysis in which the contents of Ji Cheng's Yuanye of China, Tachibana Toshitsuna's Sakuteiki in Japan, and HISTORIC GARDENS THE FLORENCE CHARTER 1981 were applied to target sites. First, local cultural heritage belong to unregistered cultural heritage, and a total of 616 local cultural heritages in Chungcheong-do Province were identified, and Cheongju City possesses the largest number of local cultural heritages. Most of the local cultural heritages are distributed in ancient capital or adjacent to it, and five of the local heritages are related to historical garden. Second, the target sites were old houses constructed during the Joseon Dynasty with a long history, and although there were few changes in spatial division, the scale of some gardens and outer yard spaces was reduced due to urban planning, etc. Third, the target site is Sangjihapui(相地合宜) and Inchacheui(因借體宜) in location and space division, so the space is divided according to the surrounding terrain and the landscape is naturally drawn to construct a garden. Fourth, the garden of the target site has a structural value of a garden that is Jeongihapui(精而合宜) and Gyoideukche(巧而得體) as it is subtle and naturally constructed with the garden by grasping the surrounding terrain. Fifth, for the continuous preservation of historical garden, it is necessary to strengthen the already enacted local cultural heritage ordinance, and to establish a documentary project for each spatial component and a plan for climate change.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.408-420
• /
• 2006

The present study purposed to examine the possibility of developing historicity inherent in places into tourism resources from the view that the history and location of historical cities have the nature of cultural contents. Previous researches on tourism have been focused on tourist facilities, the development of tourist attractions, economic effects, cultural policies, etc. However, the present study makes a cultural approach to historical cities to explore the meaning of places formed through history and the historicity of places, assuming that the temporal and spatial characteristics of Hanseong-bu can be developed into tourism resources. Major places of Hanseong-bu are classified according to their functions and cultural meanings, and these factors are associated with the geographical structure of the area. By landform and cultural characteristics during the Chosun Dynasty, Hanseong-bu is divided into the central part, the boundary area, and the outskirts. In addition, different elements, which can be developed into tourism resources, are found according to the landscape of Hanseong-bu, the character as a dynastic city, the environs inside the wall, and differences among localities reflecting pre-modem lifestyle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2015

This purpose of this study was to identify the landscape characteristics of cultural heritage area in Gapgot fortification by performing text analysis of related literature and antique maps. And accumulate modern photograph to investigate the landscape of modern. As a additionally analysis, was examined landscape of Gapgot fortification area using aerial photograph. The results were as follows. First, Gapgot fortification has the historical value as symbolic and practical gateway to Ganghwa island caused by geographical position. And historical culture resources were located in Gapgot fortification area such as through traffic, military facilities. Secondly, According to literature and antique maps, Gapgot fortification area was village and military facilities from Goryeo dynasty. The village and military facilities was expanded with Jinhae pavilion since construct Ganhwa castle. Thirdly, In modern Gapgot fortification area appear consecutive coastal landscape when entry Ganghwa bridge. But, inhibiting elements of landscape should be remedied.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.86-100
• /
• 2020

This study is the result of a design proposal to create a history and culture complex for the "Gungjip," an Important Folklore Cultural Heritage, and its surroundings located in Namyangju, Gyeonggi Province. In particular, the purpose is to introduce a new design approach to a historical and cultural complex consisting of the Gungjip House and Hanok annexes to be opened to the public in the future; and to provide its implications for future study. Although the architectural condition of Gungjip House is well preserved, several problems have been found in the use of the site as a public space due to the lack of a plan for systematic space experience, lack of specific spatial programs, and the too much shade due to uncontrolled green areas, etc. Therefore, the plan presented in this study largely sought to respect the meaning of historical landscape as a public space and to balance with the contemporary needs. The design strategies derived through basic research are to strengthen the sense of place as a cultural heritage; to respect the ecological characteristics of the site and visual harmony with the surrounding environment; and to suggest spatial programs suitable for the contemporary needs. Based on these strategies, the framework for the entire space is conceptually composed of four spaces; Oewon, Ganjeong, Jujeong, and Huwon, and proposes systematical land use and landscape experience. The main feature of this plan is the landscape approach, which aims to preserve the architectural cultural assets in their original form, but to create a reasonable land use and meaningful landscape experience based on the sense of place.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2001

Beijing Chuan Di Xia can be traced back to Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located beside the old post way in the west of Beijing. At present, there are more than seventy units of traditional courtyard houses of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the antique features of the surroundings still survive. The dwelling suited to the historical and regional context and the profound cultural values accumulations etc., have precious historic and cultural values. Associated with the investigation of Chuan Di Xia, the paper explores the site selection, the layout, the spatial constructiveness and the underlying consciousness of Chinese traditional dwellings, unveils the common philosophic basis of traditional dwellings and offers new though for sustainable human settlements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted a visual landscape resources inventory and grade assessment on natural resources and cultural resources of Chiaksan National Park. Landscapes of National Parks are categorized into four types: seascape, mountain landscape, village landscape, and temple historical landscape. Landscape lists were constructed for each district for a total of 120 lists through field research on 7 trails. The landscape list per trail has Guryong~Birobong(31%), Seungnam~Namdaebong(22%), Geumdae~Namdaebong(16%), Bugok~Hanenggu(165), Hwanggol~Ipseoksa(6%), Hyangrobong~Nandaebong(5%) and Godeunjae~Wontonggol(4%). Landscape Assessment items were divided into five characteristics of view, unique, use, history culture, natural reflected by item. Items were divided into three grades of landscape by 4, 3, 2, 1 for each item of the assessment criteria and Delphi survey. Mountain landscapes were assessed in I grade of 72 sites, II grade of 26 sites, III grade of 7 sites. Temple Historical landscapes were assessed in I grade of 4 sites, II grade of 7 sites, III grade of 4 sites. The study results can be used as a basis for mountain parks management. It is necessary to focus on managing the landscape of I grade site. The higher ratings of the Mountain landscapes are related to the view and natural score. Also, the grading of Temple Historical landscapes is related to the history cultural, natural and use score. In addition, the mountain landscape were identified as being included outside landscape resources, the place of landscape resources with outside ratings were higher and the view was related. Landscape management is needed for the conservation of Mountain landscape and Temple Historical landscape type rating as excellent areas on the basis of the results of the inventory and assessment. For future improvement the Guryong-Birobong trail is judged as a harmonious representative landscape of the Mountain and Temple Historical landscape and will require conservation as a focus management area. In the case of Mountain landscape improvements, maintenance such as pruning trees, wood observatory and interpretation sign for a landscape with minimal inhibitory landscaping is needed. When installing artificial facilities in the Temple Historical landscapes, the use of materials harmonizing with the surroundings landscape must be considered as well as the standards of facilities limitation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 2021

In this study, the Bookstore Block of Historical and Cultural Street in Kaifeng City is taken as the object, which makes analysis on the landscape color features appearing in the elements of the bookstore block landscape. Through literature, it obtains the contrast list for the landscape composite elements of the historical and cultural street. After mastering the general characteristics of architectural colors and basic analysis methods of landscape colors in the Qing Dynasty, it conducts the site survey on the landscape composition elements and colors of the bookstore block. According to the conclusion, it is found that the landscape color of bookstore block is composed of R series, PB series, Y series and achromatic (N) series, in which the overall color shows relatively high integrity. However, it exists some deficiencies in the use of colors in signs, facilities and modeling objects. Therefore, it is necessity to increase the color plan of landscape elements such as signs, modeling objects and facilities, enhance the recognition possibilities of visual information.