• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2003

To develop fast and sensitive biomarkers for metal exposures in Antarctic marine organisms we examined histological alterations of an Antarctic sentinel bivalve species Laternula elliptica following a short-term exposure to a sublethal-level of Cd. Distinct histological alterations of tissues and cells of the gills, kidneys, and digestive glands were observed after 8-to 16-hours of exposure to Cd while an increase of Cd concentrations in tissues was not detectable. Most alterations were highly localized in the epithelium of the three tissues; epithelia were found to be detached from the remaining tissue parts. In addition ultra-structural changes such as cytosolic vacuolization, dilation of nucleus and rER membranes were detected in all three tissues, which suggested that the clams are subject to sublethal stresses. Thus, histological and ultrastructural changes on localized tissue parts were rapid and sensitive, suggesting that they may serve biomarkers for Cd exposures. Linkages between the shown ulrastructural changes and higher biological organization level responses are to be established by longer-term exposure experiments.

• 경락경혈학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.143-143
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 1998

This Study was conducted at nine Histological Laboratories in the hospitals located in Seoul from August 20 to October 10, 1996. The main purpose of this study was to assess the TWA & STEL exposure to formaldehyde and to evaluate factors affecting formaldehyde concentration in Histological Laboratory. With evaluated factors, proper improvement strategy to minimize exposure was suggested. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The TWA concentrations of the personal samples ranged from 0.02 to 3.86 ppm and that of one laboratory out of nine was exceeding 0.75 ppm, USA OSHA standard. The TWA concentrations of the area samples ranged from 0.08 ppm to 1.49 ppm and those of three laboratories out of nine were exceeding OSHA standard. 2. When measurement was conducted on the working tables. around Formaldehyde vessel, fixation container and storage cabinet, the geometric means of TWA concentrations were 0.62 ppm, 0.64 ppm. 0.58 ppm and 0.37 ppm respectively. 3. When overnight fixed specimens were examined, the STEL concentrations of personal samples ranged from 0.59 ppm to 5.01 ppm, those of three laboratories out of nine were exceeding 2 ppm, OSHA standard and the STEL concentrations of area samples ranged from 0.31 ppm to 3.08 ppm, those of four laboratories from nine were exceeding OSHA standard. 4. Factors affecting Formaldehyde exposure level were sanitation state of laboratory, volume of the room and opening state of fixation container & formaldehyde vessel(p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.824-830
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• 2008

Sodium hydroxide (SH) or ammonium bicarbonate (AB) were applied to rice straw to investigate the effects on histological change of stem tissue or cell wall before and after in sacco degradation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The SEM revealed that, the parenchyma and vascular bundles were distorted by treatment with SH at 30 or 45 g/kg straw dry matter. Faultage between phloem of large vascular bundles and parenchyma occurred with further increasing SH to 60 or 75 g/kg. The cell wall in these stem tissues was crimped when observed by TEM. However, only parenchyma and large vascular tissues were slightly distorted in AB-treated stem. For untreated and AB-treated stems, the initiation of observable ruminal degradation of cell wall was prolonged from 12 h for inner parenchyma to 24 h for sclerenchyma and to 48 h for phloem of small vascular bundles, while the outer epidermis was intact even at 72 h. For SH-treated stem, however, the cell wall from all of the investigated tissues, epidermis, small vascular bundles, sclerenchyma, and parenchyma started to be degraded at 12 h incubation. These results indicate that SH treatment contracts rice straw stem leading to an improvement in rumen degradation, and that the degradation of SH-treated stem is bilateral from inner and outer surface simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1294-1304
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• 2020

Objective: To determine whether T1 mapping could monitor the dynamic changes of injury in myocardial infarction (MI) and be histologically validated. Materials and Methods: In 22 pigs, MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery and they underwent serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations with modified Look-Locker inversion T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) computation in acute (within 24 hours, n = 22), subacute (7 days, n = 13), and chronic (3 months, n = 7) phases of MI. Masson's trichrome staining was performed for histological ECV calculation. Myocardial native T1 and ECV were obtained by region of interest measurement in infarcted, peri-infarct, and remote myocardium. Results: Native T1 and ECV in peri-infarct myocardium differed from remote myocardium in acute (1181 ± 62 ms vs. 1113 ± 64 ms, p = 0.002; 24 ± 4% vs. 19 ± 4%, p = 0.031) and subacute phases (1264 ± 41 ms vs. 1171 ± 56 ms, p < 0.001; 27 ± 4% vs. 22 ± 2%, p = 0.009) but not in chronic phase (1157 ± 57 ms vs. 1120 ± 54 ms, p = 0.934; 23 ± 2% vs. 20 ± 1%, p = 0.109). From acute to chronic MI, infarcted native T1 peaked in subacute phase (1275 ± 63 ms vs. 1637 ± 123 ms vs. 1471 ± 98 ms, p < 0.001), while ECV progressively increased with time (35 ± 7% vs. 46 ± 6% vs. 52 ± 4%, p < 0.001). Native T1 correlated well with histological findings (R² = 0.65 to 0.89, all p < 0.001) so did ECV (R² = 0.73 to 0.94, all p < 0.001). Conclusion: T1 mapping allows the quantitative assessment of injury in MI and the noninvasive monitoring of tissue injury evolution, which correlates well with histological findings.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.334-339
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• 2018

Objectives: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the major cause of the common cold. Currently there is no registered, clinically effective, antiviral chemotherapeutic agent to treat diseases caused by HRVs. In this study, the antiviral activity of dexamethasone (DEX) against HRV1B was examined. Methods: The anti-HRV1B activity of DEX was assessed by sulforhodamine B assay in HeLa cells, and by RT-PCR in the lungs of HRV1B-infected mice. Histological evaluation of HRV1B-infected lungs was performed and a histological score was given. Anti-HRV1B activity of DEX via the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR)-dependent autophagy activation was assessed by blocking with chloroquine diphosphate salt or bafilomycin A1 treatment. Results: In HRV1B-infected HeLa cells, treatment with DEX in a dose-dependent manner, resulted in a cell viability of > 70% indicating that HRV1B viral replication was reduced by DEX treatment. HRV1B infected mice treated with DEX, had evidence of reduced inflammation and a moderate histological score. DEX treatment showed antiviral activity against HRV1B via GCR-dependent autophagy activation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that DEX treatment showed anti-HRV1B activity via GCR-dependent autophagy activation in HeLa cells and HRV1B infected mice. Further investigation assessing the development of topical formulations may enable the development of improved DEX effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2007

In the present study, the author investigated to the cytotoxocity in cultured rat hepatocytes of Viscum album lectin. The cytotoxcity effect in Viscum album lectin on the activity of LDH was also investigated. Viscum album lectin significantly increased LDH leakage into medium of hepatocytes treated or untreated with $CCl_4$ (p<0.001). However, Viscum album lectin significantly increased LDH leakage from $CCl_4$-induced hepatocyte (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in LDH levels relative to the control group. Histological observation basically supported the result obtained from LDH assay. The livers of rats challenged with $CCl_4$ produced a marked increased cytoplasmic vacuoles and inflammatory cells in number, while the number of necrotic cells and swollen hepatocytes did not change significnatly. Rats administered DMSO alone did not alter the normal hepatic architecture. Histological observation of liver section in rat treated 72 hrs with either Viscum album lectin $CCl_4$-induced liver damage showed number of cytoplasmic vaculoe and necrotic cell. The number of inflammatory cell increased markedly. This results suggest to the conclusion that Viscum album lectin has a effect of hepatotoxicity activator.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate effect of lipid metabolism in Viscum album lectin on rats. The lectin was purified by sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and gel filtration using sephadex G-150 with plant material from Viscum album collected in Mt. Duk Yui. After 72 h of $CCl_4$ injection (in olive oil, 1:1, 2 mg/kg) there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol and triglycerige levels relative to the control group. However, treatment of both Viscum album and purified lectin were significantly decreased lipid parameters against the $CCl_4$-induced. Histological observation basically supported the result obtained from serum lipid assay. The livers of rats challenged with $CCl_4$ produced a marked increase of cytoplasmic vacuoles in number, while the number of necrotic cells and swollen hepatocytes did not change significnatly. Rats administered olive oil alone did not alter the normal hepatic architecture. Histological observation of the liver section in rats treated 72 h with either Viscum album purified lectin or $CCl_4$-induced liver lipogenesis showed decreased numbers of cytoplasmic vaculoes and necrotic cells. The normal hepatic architectural pattern was observed in Hematoxylin-eosin stain. These results suggest that Viscum album lectin has a possible protective effect of lipid metabolim in rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2023

Formaldehyde use is associated with serious health risks, which can affect medical personnel and technicians. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of an alternative fixative, with respect to two types of formalin fixatives, by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and RNA extraction. For H&E staining, the circular nucleus was stained dark blue by the basic dye hematoxylin and the cytoplasm was stained red by the acid dye eosin in all three fixative samples. No difference was found in the Duksan General Science (DGS), Sigma-Aldrich, and Core-Fix fixative samples (Corebiotech) used to fix kidney tissue, after PAS staining. IHC staining showed that CD4 was significantly increased in the lippolysaccharide (LPS)-treated group compared to the control group (vehicle), confirming the changes in specific molecules. The quantity and quality of RNA from tissues fixed in the three types of fixatives were evaluated. The average concentration of RNA was 106 ng/µL and average purity at A 260/280 ratio was 1.7~2.0, regardless of fixative used. For quality of protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein was confirmed by Western blotting. In conclusion, Core-Fix can be used as a fixative for pathological tissues, in histological and molecular diagnoses.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.499-507
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• 2018

For the spatiotemporally aligned observation of photothrombosis induction and transient variations of in vivo brain stroke, we developed a novel photothrombosis inducing system compatible to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system using nonmagnetic stereotaxic equipment. From the spatial point of view, the system provides a more reliable level of reproducibility of the photothrombosis in each brain. From the temporal point of view, from T1- and T2-weighted in vivo MR (magnetic resonance) images, the transient variations such as incidence, location, and size of the thrombosis are measured quantitatively. In addition, the final variation is observed in the ex vivo brain by TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining based on histological assay and utilized for the verification of the MR images. From the experimental result of the rat brain, the proposed system shows more reliable characteristics for transient variations of brain strokes.