• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

이 연구는 중학생들이 갖고 있는 발명에 대한 태도 및 이미지를 세부적으로 조사 분석하여 구명하고, 발명교육의 질적 향상에 기초 자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중학생은 초등학생 보다 발명에 대한 태도에서는 정서적 태도 및 관심적 태도 수준이 높았으며, 발명에 대한 이미지에서는 긍정적인 이미지를 가지고 있는 반면 발명은 어려운(M=3.70) 것으로 느끼고 있다. 둘째, 중학생의 성별에 따른 전체적인 발명에 대한 태도는 초등학교에서 부터 중학교 시기까지 일관된 발명 태도를 보였기 때문에 초등학교 시기의 발명에 대한 태도 형성이 중요함을 알 수 있다. 성별에 따른 전체적인 발명 이미지는 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있다(p<0.05). 남학생은 여학생 보다 발명을 통하여 자신의 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있다고 판단하거나 발명의 이미지에 대해 긍정적임을 알 수 있다. 반면, 여학생은 발명에 대한 이미지로 어려운(M=3.44), 긴장한(M=3.95) 것으로 느끼고 있다. 셋째, 중학생의 학년에 따른 전체적인 발명의 태도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 학년에 따른 태도에 대한 요인별 순위를 살펴보면 전학년 인지적 태도, 정서적 태도, 관심적 태도, 실천적 태도 순인 것으로 나타난다. 중학교에서는 교육제도와 교육과정 편제상 발명을 할 수 있는 여건 조성이 부족하여 모든 학년이 발명의 태도에서 같은 순위로 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 중학생의 학년에 따른 전체적인 발명 이미지는 통계적으로는 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>.05). 중학교에서 부터 학습에 관한 부담이 크게 작용한 결과로 판단된다. 마지막으로, 중학생이 '발명'하면 떠올리는 단어를 분석한 결과, 발명의 행위로는 아이디어, 만들기, 상상력, 창의력 등을 중요하게 여겼다. 발명이 기여하는 바로는 새로운 제품 개발, 편리한 삶 제공, 사회적 발전, 실제생활에 유용한 것, 불편함 개선 등이 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to measure some physical environmental factors and to doucument students' perceptions of them. 11 middle schools in Cheju City were divided into four areas according to their locations and two schools were selected for the study. 144 thirteen-year-old students in two middle school in a overcrowded area in Cheju City-one middle school building is insulated and the other is not insulated-were taken for the questionnaire survey. The finding of the study are as follows: 1) The classrooms were not equipped with any heating equipment. The buildings are not insulated well. As a result, the room temperature was much lower(12.9-16.2℃) than comfortable indoor temperature in winter(21.5-24.5℃). The classroom were found to be colder(12.9-16.2℃) than usual pleasant indoor temperature(21.5-24.5℃) in winter. 2) The classroom were so far from the street(20m) that there was little noise from traffic. Nevertheless, the noise level was higher(62.5-66.2 dB(A), when the windows were open; 51.7-62.8dB(A), when closed than the noise tolerance level specified in the Environment Protection Laws(50.0dB(A)). 3) As for the visual environment, the location of classroom, the adequate sun exposure, and the total states of windows in classrooms influenced on the illuminance. While standard indoor illuminance is 300 Lux, the classrooms facing south had illuminance of 231 Lux, from day light: and the ones facing west, 380 Lux. 4) Students generally found other aspects of the physical environment of their classrooms unsatisfactory. Chalk dust was generated to a serious extent near the main chalkboard(0.25mg/㎥) of classrooms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.769-776
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• 2003

This study has analyzed the association of physical activity and television watching time with obesity in 30-50 aged women from middle income town in Busan city area. Data were obtained using a questionnaire, including information about physical activity, TV watching time and health habit; social data regarding educational level and monthly income; family history of chronic condition. Height and weight were measured. Outcome variable was obesity, defined as a body mass index 25 kg/m$^2$ or greater. Odds ratios (OR) for obesity were estimated by multivariate logistic regression, and interpreted as a relative risk of obesity. The prevalence of obesity was 11.8%. The mean BMI of obese women was 26.9 kg/m$^2$. The OR of obesity was higher in subject of 40s than 30s. Subjects who had higher educational level presented lower OR than those of elementary or middle school education. Family income was not associated with obesity. Women having a family history of chronic condition had higher risk of obesity than those who did not have it. The OR was lower in active people at work (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.26 - 0.98) than in inactive ones, and the ORs associated with regular exercise or activity at leisure time were not statistically different. However, subjects watching TV $\geq$ 3.5 hr/day showed higher OR (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.16 - 4.74), compared with those watching TV $\geq$ 1.5 hr/day. Association of the joint classification of physical activity variables with obesity was estimated. The highest relative risk of 5.99 was in women in physically inactive at work and high category of TV watching ($\geq$ 3.5 hr/day). Even in women in active at work, the watching TV $\geq$ 3.5 hr/day made them have the high OR (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.03 - 5.77). And at each time level of TV watching, the increasing activity level at work was associated with lower OR for obesity. These findings suggest that both TV watching time and physical activity at work were related to obesity in adult female, each with independent effects on obesity. TV watching time seems to be a significant factor that could partly evaluate the energy expenditure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

Background: The growing prevalence of overweight and/or obese children is an important public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Although the association of obesity between parents and their children is well known, its underlying mechanisms are not well established. Purpose: This meta-analysis examined parent-child (PC) relationships in obesity and identified factors such as world region and country income level that may influence this relationship. Methods: We identified all related studies published between January 1, 2015 and May 31, 2020 by conducting a literature search using the MeSH terms "obesity," "overweight," "body mass index," "parent," "child," "associate," and "relate" in the PubMed database in English. Results: The meta-analysis of 23 studies that reported an odds ratio (OR) for parent and child obesity associations found a significant association between parents and children who were overweight or obese (pooled OR, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.85-2.10). A meta-regression analysis was used to examine the sources of interstudy heterogeneity. The association between parent and child obesity was higher in Asia than in Europe and the Middle East and higher in high-income countries than in middle-or low-income countries. In addition, a higher association between parent and child obesity was found when both parents were obese than when only the father or mother was obese. This study from multiple countries indicates a significant PC relationship in weight status that varies according to PC pair type, parent and child weight statuses, world region, and country income level. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the risk of childhood obesity is greatly influenced by parental weight status and indicate that parents could play an important role in preventing child obesity.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.146-156
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the factors related to violence victimization between multicultural and Korean-origin adolescents. Methods: This study used the data of the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. A total of 54,748 multicultral and Korean-origin adolescents were included in the analysis. Weighted percentage and means were used to describe the sample. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were conducted using SAS 9.2. Results: The multicultural adolescents experienced more violence victimization than Korean-origin adolescents. In both groups, middle school students, habitual drug users, and those not living with their family showed a greater risk of becoming a victim of violence. In Korean-origin adolescents, while girls and those with mid-level family economic status showed a lower risk, those who had experienced sadness or despair, suicidal ideation, smoking and problematic drinking showed a higher risk of becoming a violence victim. In multicultural adolescents, those with a lower subjective health status and a lower stress level had a higher risk of violence victimization. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the factors significantly related to violence victimization differ between multicultural and Korean-origin adolescents. Therefore, different approaches are required for the prevention and management of violence victimization in different populations.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to identify the adolescent’s perception to grandparent’s clothing behavior, the effect of grandparent’s clothing behavior on the attitudes toward their grand parents, and the variables related to the adolescent’s attitudes toward their grandparent affecting grandparent’s clothing behavior. The results of this study may provide the foundations for the continuing family educational material to promote the grandparent-grandchildren relationship. Questionnaires were distributed to middle and high school students in Chonbuk Province through school teachers from June 9th 18th. 1999. and 485 questionnaires were analysed. Frequencies percentages, factor analysis. Cronbach’s a. t-test, F-test. and Duncan’s Multiple Range test were used for data analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The adolescent’s perception level of grandparent’s clothing behavior was higher when grandparents were younger. healthier and wealthier. in separate living status. and in case of younger and more female adolescents. In case of separate living status. the adolescent’s perception level was higher when grandparent and adolescent contacted frequently. 2. The adolescent’s perception level of grandparent’s clothing behavior was favorable when their total attitude toward grandparent was positive, especially in economic, intellectual. personality, and family relation aspects. 3. The effects of the perception of grandparent’s clothing behavior on the adolescent attitude toward their grandparent were higher in case of grandmother. female adolescent. and separate living status, less educated. and in worse health status grandparent.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.812-825
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the importance and performance level of sodium reduction practices in school meal service by school nutrition teachers and dietitians, and compared them according to school level and placement of the school nutrition teacher. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An online survey was conducted with 608 nutrition teachers and dietitians in schools in the Republic of Korea from September 28 to November 12, 2021 (response rate: 57%). The questionnaire comprised 11 items related to sodium reduction practices (purchasing, food preparation and serving, and education). The importance and performance level of each item was rated on a 5-point scale. The mean differences were analyzed using t-tests or one-way analyses of variance and Duncan's post-hoc tests. An importance-performance analysis was performed on sodium reduction practices. RESULTS: Participating in sodium reduction education, sodium reduction education for cooks, and sodium reduction education for students were assessed to have high importance but low performance. Overall, the higher the school level, the lower was the importance level of sodium reduction practices. The performance in kindergartens and elementary schools was higher than that in middle and high schools. The importance in the purchasing category perceived by dietitians was lower as compared to nutrition teachers. In addition, the performance in the purchasing, food preparation and serving, and education categories perceived by dietitians was lower than those of nutrition teachers. CONCLUSION: Sodium reduction education for nutrition teachers and dietitians, cooks, and students should prioritize practicing sodium reduction in school meal service. Specific guidelines for managing sodium reduction at all stages-purchasing, food preparation, and serving-should also be developed. The results could be used as basic data to reduce the sodium content in school meals.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 중학생의 과학 교실 학습 환경에 대한 인식을 알아보고, 남학생과 여학생, 교실 학습 환경에 대한 선호도가 높은 집단과 낮은 집단의 인식이 어떤 차이를 나타내는지를 조사하였다. 서울시에 소재한 7개 중학교의 3학년 14학급 587명(남학생 264명, 여학생은 323명)을 연구 대상으로 하였으며, 교실 학습 환경 설문 도구는 What Is Happening In this Class (WIHIC)을 사용하였다. 7개 항목 중 학생들 간의 단결, 과제 지향, 협동성, 평등성 항목에서는 긍정적인 인식을 나타내었으나, 수업 참여, 탐구 활동, 교사 지원 항목에 대한 인식은 다소 부정적이었다. 성차에 대한 과학 교실 학습 환경 인식을 보면 전체적인 결과에서는 차이가 나지 않았으나, 항목별로는 학생들 간의 단결과 협동성 두 항목에서 여학생들이 평균 점수가 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 교실 학습 환경에 대한 선호가 낮은 집단에서는 교사 지원 항목이 과제 지향, 수업 참여, 탐구 활동 항목과 모두 유의미한 상관을 나타내었고 수업 참여-과제 지향-탐구 활동 항목들이 서로 높은 상관을 나타내었으나, 상위 집단에서는 교사 지원과 평등성 항목만 유의미한 상관을 나타내었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.231-248
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to analyze ‘consumer education system in middle school’, whether it is suitably organized to help students make the right decision in their daily life as a rational consumer in this fast changing “the Informational Society”. We divided the consumer education of “the Informational Society” into 4 fields of studies(consumer information technique, decision making on purchasing, consumer financial management, and consumerism) and made specific analysis for this research. The “Technology & Home Economics” textbook which follows ‘The 7th curriculum’ conducted by “Korean Educational Board” Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development for first and second grade in middle school were used for this analysis. The results founded are as follows: first, for the curriculum analysis according to the 4 fields of consumer education, both the first and the second grade students' textbook had consumer information technique as the major portion of the consumer education. Second, as a result of the comparison between the two grade levels showed that the second grade level has higher portion of consumer education in “Home economics & Technology” textbook than the first grade level. Third, the present status of consumer education showed that the first grade level's consumer education was only limited in consumer information technique, but the second grade level's consumer education was ranging evenly throughout the 3 fields of consumer education: consumer information technique, decision making on purchasing and consumerism. These results of this study contribute to the development of an efficient and desirable curriculum for the adolescent' consumer education, specially for school consumer education, in “the Informational Society”.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1245-1251
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the satisfaction of elementary, middle and high school nutrition teachers in the Chungnam province concerning the free school food service. We surveyed satisfaction related to policies on school food service and the school food service center. Satisfaction on the school food service center was separated according to four dimensions; perception, food materials, operational system and service. Furthermore, we analyzed factors that affect satisfaction with the school food service center with a multiple regression model. First, satisfaction about the free school food service and dietary life education are higher than the total average of satisfaction with the policy about the school food service. Second, satisfaction about a variety of food materials and reasonable prices are lower than total average of satisfaction with the school food service center. Third, when more teachers have a high level of a positive perception and have higher satisfaction with the operational system of the school food service center, then they also subsequently display higher satisfaction with the school food service center. Therefore it is necessary to improve or make up for pricing and diversity on food materials by the school food service center.