• 제목/요약/키워드: Higher activity waste

검색결과 111건 처리시간 0.028초

Asp. usamii shirousamii $U_2$ 균의 국식배양에 의한 유기산 및 당화효소 생성에 관한 연구 (Studies on Formation of Organic Acid and Saccharifing Amylase in Koji Culture by Asp. usamii shirousamii $U_2$)

  • 윤복현;박윤중;이석건
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 1974
  • Asp. usamii shirousamii $U_2$ 균의 국식 배양에 있어서 유기산 및 당화효소생성 조건에 대하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 유기산 생산은 밀가루 및 밀기울 배지의 경우 $30^{\circ}C$에서 3일간 배양시에 가장 좋았으며 당화효소력은 밀가루 배지의 경우 $35^{\circ}C$, 3일간 배양시에 가장 높았고 밀기울 배지는 $35^{\circ}C$, 2일간 배양시에 거의 최고 역가를 나타냈다. (2) 3일 배양의 경우 배지의 첨수량은 밀가루 배지에서는 60% 첨수일 때, 밀기울 배지에서는 50% 첨수일 때 유기산 생성이 가장 좋았으며 당화효소 생성은 밀가루, 밀기울의 어느 배지에서나 $90{\sim}100%$ 첨수에서 가장 좋았다. (3) 밀가루와 밀기울의 배지를 비교하여 볼 때 유기산의 생성은 밀가루 배지가 좋았으며 당화효소생성은 밀기울 배지에서 높았다. (4) 고구마 전분박과 밀가루를 동량으로 혼합했을 때 밀가루 단일배지보다 유기산 및 당화효소 생성이 높았으며 밀기울에 고구마전분박 첨가의 효과는 없었다. (5) 밀가루, 밀기울 단일배지에 비하여 고구마전분박 단일배지에서는 유기산 및 당화효소 생성이 극히 나빴다. (5) 60% 첨수의 밀가루배지에서 $30^{\circ}C$, 3일간 배양한 경우 생성유기산 중의 약 90%가 구연산이었다.

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폐지섬유를 이용한 완효성 요소비료 시용이 벼의 생육, 수량 및 토양에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Application of Slow-Released Nitrogen Fertilizer Using Waste Paper Slurry on the Growth and Yield of Rice and Chemical Properties of Soil)

  • 백준호;김복진
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.114-120
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    • 2000
  • 폐지섬유를 이용한 완효성 요소비료(시제품)의 벼에 대한 실용화 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 pot시험으로 무질소구, 요소구(대조구), 시제품구 처리에 벼(일미벼)를 공시하여 생육, 엽록소 함량 및 광합성능력, 수량 및 수량구성요소, 식물체중 무기성분 함량, 질소이용율 토양의 이화학성 등을 조사하였다. 초장과 분얼수는 생육초기에 시제품구가 요소구보다 다소 증가하였으나, 생육후기에는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 이앙 후 40일의 엽록소 함량은 시제품구에서 요소구보다 다소 높았으나, 광합성능력은 요소구보다 낮았다. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 시제품구보와 요소구간에 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나, 시제품구가 요소구보다 다소 높았다. 수확기에 식물체중 전질소함량은 시제품구가 요소구보다 정조에서는 높았으나, 짚에서는 낮았다. 수확기의 질소흡수량은 시제품구가 요소구보다 정조에서 4% 높았으나, 짚에서는 20% 낮았으며, 질소이용율은 시제품구가 요소구보다 약간 낮았다. 시험 후 토양중 전질소 함량은 시제품구가 요소구보다 낮았다.

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식종물질이 음식물쓰레기 퇴비화정도 및 미생물활성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Inoculating Materials on Food Waste Composting)

  • 남궁완;김미자;김정대
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구는 음식쓰레기 분해촉진용으로 시판되고 있는 식종물질을 음식쓰레기에 첨가하여 처리했을 때의 음식쓰레기 분해정도를 숙성퇴비를 사용한 경우와 비교한 것이다. 시판 중인 식종물질로는 GM(Green Microorganisms)과 EM (Effective Microorganisms) 두가지를 실험대상으로 하였다. 음식쓰레기 분해효과를 비교하기 위하여 일반적인 퇴비화실험과 식종물질제품의 시방내용을 준수한 간이처리실험을 병행하였다. 음식쓰레기 분해효과는 온도와 VS 감소율, 그리고 FDA (Fluorescein DiAcetate) 가수분해활성의 변화를 통하여 비교하였다. 온도변화 및 도달한 최고온도를 비교할 때 일반퇴비화실험에서는 $55{\sim}57^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으나 간이처리실험에서는 거의 온도상승이 관찰되지 않았다. 퇴비화실험에서는 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 최고온도가 GM을 첨가한 경우보다 $2^{\circ}C$ 높았다. VS 함량의 변화를 볼 때 일반 퇴비화실험에는 VS가 27~32% 감소하였으나 간이처리실험에서는 불과 6~7%만이 감소하였다. 퇴비화실험에서 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 VS 감소율은 GM을 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 경우보다 약 5% 높았다. FDA 가수분해활성도를 이용하여 측정한 미생물활성은 퇴비화실험에서는 초기 10일까지 증가한 후 감소하기 시작하였으나 간이처리한 음식쓰레기에서는 초반부터 줄곧 감소하였다. 수치상으로 대소를 비교하여 보면 초반에는 간이처리실험의 미생물활성이 일반퇴비화실험의 경우보다 높게 나타났으나 반응기간이 경과하여도 활성이 계속 감소하여 결국 일반 퇴비화실험보다 미생물활성이 전반적으로 낮았다. 퇴비화실험에서는 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 미생물활성이 GM을 첨가한 경우보다 높았다.

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지렁이에서 추출한 Acetylcholinesterase, Cytochrome P450, and Heat Shock protein 70을 이용한 유기성슬러지 독성 평가 (The Assessment of Toxicity on organic Sludge Using Acetylcholinesterase, Cytochrome P450, and Hsp70 Extracted from Earthworm (Eisenia fetida))

  • 나영은;방혜선;김명현;김민경;노기안;이정택;안용준;윤성탁
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.274-279
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    • 2007
  • 4 종류의 폐기물(생활하수오니, 공단하수오니, 피혁오니, 주정오니)과 대조구로서 돈분퇴비가 지렁이에게 미치는 독성을 평가하기 위하여 대표적인 유해성 평가 biomarker 3종류 (acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome $P_{450}$, heat shock protein 70)를 사용하였다. 유기성 폐기물에 대한 acetylcholinesterase의 활성은 돈분퇴비의 경우 활성이 약간 촉진된 반면 생활하수오니, 공단하수오니, 피혁오니, 주정오니는 영향을 미치지 않았다. Cytochrome $P_{450}$의 활성은 공단하수오니와 피혁오니는 활성을 억제하였고 생활하수오니, 주정오니, 돈분퇴비는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 Hsp70의 발현량은 증류수보다 돈분퇴비는 1.9배, 주정오니는 3.0배, 생활하수오니는 3.3배, 공단오니는 4.4배, 피혁오니는 4.7배 순으로 지렁이 (Eisenia fetida)에게 스트레스를 많이 주었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 4 종류의 폐기물(생활하수오니, 공단하수오니, 피혁오니, 주정오니)은 돈분퇴비보다 독성이 강한 것으로 판단하였다. 또한 AChE, Cytochrome $P_{450}$과 Hsp70은 추후 유기성 폐기물의 유해성을 모니터링하기에 적합한 biomarker로서 가치가 있다고 생각한다.

Lipase 생산 효모균주의 분리 및 배양조건 최적화 (Isolation of Lipase Producing Yeast and Optimization of Cultivation Condition)

  • 박명훈;류현진;오경근
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.148-153
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    • 2004
  • 활성 효모의 동물사료 첨가제로의 이용성을 증진시키기 위하여 lipase 생산성이 높은 효모를 (주)강남유지로부터 채취한 폐유와 슬러지로부터 분리하였다. 분리된 균주를 이용, 자외선 돌연변이를 통해 lipase 생산성이 높은 균주를 개발하였으며 산업용 배양배지의 선별, 배양공정의 개선에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 산업용 배지의 탄소원으로는 고과당, 질소원으로는 CSL이 각각 선정되었으며, 2%의 고과당, 1%의 CSL에서 배양조건을 최적화시키고자 하였다. 1%의 올리브유 첨가, 접종량 4%, 초기 pH 5, 그리고 배양온도 27$^{\circ}C$에서 lipase의 생산성이 최대가 됨을 확인할 수 있었으며 이 때 lipase 역가는 1.12 U/mL를 얻을 수 있었다.

커피박 첨가에 의한 새송이버섯 균사체의 생육 및 생리활성 증가 (Enhancement of Growth and Bioactivity of Pleurotus eryngii Mycelia by Spent Coffee Ground)

  • 최장원;신동일;박희성
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2012
  • 새송이버섯(Pleurotus eryngii)은 인기 있는 식용버섯 중의 하나로서 항산화, 항암 또는 면역조절 기능 등의 인체에 유익한 생리활성 기능을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 새송이버섯 균사체 배양 시 커피음료 생산과정으로부터 폐기되는 커피박(spent coffee ground: SCG) 첨가에 의한 균사체의 생장과 기능성의 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과, SCG(1-10%, w/v) 첨가 시 생장속도가 상당히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 1% SCG 첨가 시 무첨가에 비해 건조중량이 2.5배 증가함으로써 SCG가 탁월한 새송이버섯 균사체의 생장촉진제 기능이 제시되었다. SCG 첨가에 의하여 균사체의 polysaccharide 함량은 변화가 없었으나 polyphenol량 및 항산화능의 증대를 확인할 수 있었다.

Purification, Characterization and Immobilization of Lipase from Proteus vulgaris OR34 for Synthesis of Methyl Oleate

  • Misbah, Asmae;Koraichi, Saad Ibnsouda;Jouti, Mohamed Ali Tahri
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.491-505
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    • 2020
  • A newly isolated strain, Proteus vulgaris OR34, from olive mill waste was found to secrete an alkaline extracellular lipase at 11 U·ml-1 when cultivated on an optimized liquid medium. This lipase was purified 94.64-fold with a total yield of 9.11% and its maximal specific activity was shown to be 3232.58 and 1777.92 U·mg-1 when evaluated using the pH-stat technique at 55℃ and pH 9 and Tributyrin TC4 or olive oil as the substrate. The molecular mass of the pure OR34 lipase was estimated to be around 31 kDa, as revealed by SDS-PAGE and its substrate specificity was investigated using a variety of triglycerides. This assay revealed that OR34 lipase preferred short and medium chain fatty acids. In addition, this lipase was stable in the presence of high concentrations of bile salt (NaDC) and calcium ions appear not to be necessary for its activity. This lipase was inhibited by THL (Orlistat) which confirmed its identity as a serine enzyme. In addition, the immobilization of OR34 lipase by adsorption onto calcium carbonate increased its stability at higher temperatures and within a larger pH range. The immobilized lipase exhibited a high tolerance to organic solvents and retained 60% of its activity after 10 months of storage at 4℃. Finally, the OR34 lipase was applied in biodiesel synthesis via oleic acid mediated esterification of methanol when using hexane as solvent. The best conversion yield (67%) was obtained at 12 h and 40℃ using the immobilized enzyme and this enzyme could be reused for six cycles with the same efficiency.

Utilization of Fruit Processing Wastes in the Diet of Labeo rohita Fingerling

  • Deka, Abani;Sahu, N.P.;Jain, K.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권11호
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    • pp.1661-1665
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    • 2003
  • A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to study the utilization of fruits processing wastes as feed ingredient in the diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings. One hundred and sixty fingerlings (av. body weight, $1.65g{\pm}0.03$) were equally distributed in four experimental groups having 4 replicates each. Four different experimental diets were prepared by replacing wheat flour and rice bran with either orange (T2) (Cirtus qurantium), pineapple (T3) (Ananas spp. and Pseudananas spp.) or sweet lime (T4) (Citrus sinensis) wastes to the basal diet along with the control (T1, without any fruit wastes) keeping the CP level at around 40%. The water quality parameters like DO, $CO_2$, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia and water temperature were recorded within the optimum range. The diet containing 25% pineapple wastes (T3) showed significantly higher growth in terms of SGR (1.50), FCR (2.09) and PER (1.19) than the other groups. However, growth of T4 and T2 groups were not significantly different than the control group (T1). Protease activity (17.17 unit/mg protein), protein digestibility (91.57%) and carbohydrate digestibility (41.62%) were not significantly different among the different groups. Survival of the fingerlings were not significantly different among the experimental groups. It concludes that waste of orange, pineapple and sweet lime can be used at 25% level as a substitute of wheat flour and rice bran in the diet of Labeo rohita.

중부지역에 위치한 폐광산 주변의 오염물질 이동성 평가 (Evaluation about Contaminant Migration Near Abandoned Mine in Central Region)

  • 이종득;김태동;전기석;김휘중
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2010
  • Several mines including Namil, Solim and Jungbong which are located in the Gyeonggi and Kangwon province have been abandoned and closed since 1980 due to "The promotion policy of mining industry". An enormous amount of mining wastes was disposed without proper treatment, which caused soil pollution in tailing dam and ore-dressing plant areas. However, any quantitative assessment was not performed about soil and water pollution by transporting mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed according to leaching method which used 0.1 N HCl and total solution method which used Aqua-regia to recognize the ecological effect of distance from hot spot. We sampled tailings, rocky wastes and soils around the abandoned mine. Chemical and physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), soil texture and heavy metal concentration were analyzed. The range of soil's pH is between 4.3 and 6.4 in the tailing dam and oredressing plant area due to mining activity. Total concentrations of As, Cu, and Pb in soil near ore dressing plant area are 250.9, 249.3 and 117.2 mg/kg respectively, which are higher than any other ones near tailing dam area. Arsenic concentration in tailing dams is 31.0 mg/kg, which is also considered as heavily polluted condition comparing with the remediation required level(RRL) in "Soil environment conservation Act".

Glass Dissolution Rates From MCC-1 and Flow-Through Tests

  • Jeong, Seung-Young
    • 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004년도 학술논문집
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    • pp.257-258
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    • 2004
  • The dose from radionuclides released from high-level radioactive waste (HLW) glasses as they corrode must be taken into account when assessing the performance of a disposal system. In the performance assessment (PA) calculations conducted for the proposed Yucca Mountain, Nevada, disposal system, the release of radionuclides is conservatively assumed to occur at the same rate the glass matrix dissolves. A simple model was developed to calculate the glass dissolution rate of HLW glasses in these PA calculations [1]. For the PA calculations that were conducted for Site Recommendation, it was necessary to identify ranges of parameter values that bounded the dissolution rates of the wide range of HLW glass compositions that will be disposed. The values and ranges of the model parameters for the pH and temperature dependencies were extracted from the results of SPFT, static leach tests, and Soxhlet tests available in the literature. Static leach tests were conducted with a range of glass compositions to measure values for the glass composition parameter. The glass dissolution rate depends on temperature, pH, and the compositions of the glass and solution, The dissolution rate is calculated using Eq. 1: $rate{\;}={\;}k_{o}10^{(ph){\eta})}{\cdot}e^{(-Ea/RT)}{\cdot}(1-Q/K){\;}+{\;}k_{long}$ where $k_{0},\;{\eta}$ and Eaare the parameters for glass composition, pH, $\eta$ and temperature dependence, respectively, and R is the gas constant. The term (1-Q/K) is the affinity term, where Q is the ion activity product of the solution and K is the pseudo-equilibrium constant for the glass. Values of the parameters $k_{0},\;{\eta}\;and\;E_{a}$ are the parameters for glass composition, pH, and temperature dependence, respectively, and R is the gas constant. The term (1-Q/C) is the affinity term, where Q is the ion activity product of the solution and K is the pseudo-equilibrium constant for the glass. Values of the parameters $k_0$, and Ea are determined under test conditions where the value of Q is maintained near zero, so that the value of the affinity term remains near 1. The dissolution rate under conditions in which the value of the affinity term is near 1 is referred to as the forward rate. This is the highest dissolution rate that can occur at a particular pH and temperature. The value of the parameter K is determined from experiments in which the value of the ion activity product approaches the value of K. This results in a decrease in the value of the affinity term and the dissolution rate. The highly dilute solutions required to measure the forward rate and extract values for $k_0$, $\eta$, and Ea can be maintained by conducting dynamic tests in which the test solution is removed from the reaction cell and replaced with fresh solution. In the single-pass flow-through (PFT) test method, this is done by continuously pumping the test solution through the reaction cell. Alternatively, static tests can be conducted with sufficient solution volume that the solution concentrations of dissolved glass components do not increase significantly during the test. Both the SPFT and static tests can ve conducted for a wide range of pH values and temperatures. Both static and SPFt tests have short-comings. the SPFT test requires analysis of several solutions (typically 6-10) at each of several flow rates to determine the glass dissolution rate at each pH and temperature. As will be shown, the rate measured in an SPFt test depends on the solution flow rate. The solutions in static tests will eventually become concentrated enough to affect the dissolution rate. In both the SPFt and static test methods. a compromise is required between the need to minimize the effects of dissolved components on the dissolution rate and the need to attain solution concentrations that are high enough to analyze. In the paper, we compare the results of static leach tests and SPFT tests conducted with simple 5-component glass to confirm the equivalence of SPFT tests and static tests conducted with pH buffer solutions. Tests were conducted over the range pH values that are most relevant for waste glass disssolution in a disposal system. The glass and temperature used in the tests were selected to allow direct comparison with SPFT tests conducted previously. The ability to measure parameter values with more than one test method and an understanding of how the rate measured in each test is affected by various test parameters provides added confidence to the measured values. The dissolution rate of a simple 5-component glass was measured at pH values of 6.2, 8.3, and 9.6 and $70^{\circ}C$ using static tests and single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests. Similar rates were measured with the two methods. However, the measured rates are about 10X higher than the rates measured previously for a glass having the same composition using an SPFT test method. Differences are attributed to effects of the solution flow rate on the glass dissolution reate and how the specific surface area of crushed glass is estimated. This comparison indicates the need to standardize the SPFT test procedure.

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