• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2011

Although many defects in PZR heater sleeve have been reported continually from operating experiences in oversea nuclear power plant, utilities get into difficulties in finding appropriate methods for diagnostics of the components due to the limited access or high radiation problems. Recently, as an alternative, diagnostics using Guided Wave Testing(GWT) are proposed and the attention of the methods has been growing gradually because of their long range inspection capability. This study is to investigate the effectiveness of GWT to detect PWSCC in welding points of PZR heater sleeve. Moreover, mode sensitivity analysis of GWT and optimal frequency for the diagnostics of PWSCC are presented by testing the mock-ups specimens that contain artificial flaws.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2022

비파괴검사(NDT; Non-Destruction Test)는 제품의 기능을 손상시키거나 물리적으로 파괴시키지 않고 내부의 결함을 검사하는 방법이다. 이러한 방사선투과검사는 고에너지의 방사선을 사용하기 때문에 방사선작업종사자들의 방사선피폭을 방지하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 PbI₂에 Gd₂O₂S:Tb를 결합하여 기존 PbI₂보다 방사선 검출성능을 더욱 향상시켜 방사선투과검사에서 선원누출 등의 사고를 즉각적으로 감지할 수 있는 새로운 구조의 방사선 센서를 제시하였다. 평가는 FLUKA 전산 모사를 통하여 감마선원에서 Gd₂O₂S:Tb 결합 전후의 변환 효율을 분석하였다. Gd₂O₂S:Tb가 결합된 PbI₂는 방사선 검출성능이 1.22배에서 3.22배까지 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 본 연구에서 제시된 센서는 방사선투과검사 선원 감지용 방사선 센서로 적용 가능할 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2016

Purpose: Phosphorus is an essential element for water quality control. Excessive amounts of phosphorus causes algal bloom in water, which leads to eutrophication and a decline in water quality. It is necessary to maintain the optimum amount of phosphorus present. During the last decades, various studies have been conducted to determine phosphorus content in water. In this study, we present a comprehensive overview of colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescence, microfluidic, and remote sensing technologies for the measurement of phosphorus in water, along with their working principles and limitations. Results: The colorimetric techniques determine the concentration of phosphorus through the use of color-generating reagents. This is specific to a single chemical species and inexpensive to use. The electrochemical techniques operate by using a reaction of the analyte of interest to generate an electrical signal that is proportional to the sample analyte concentration. They show a good linear output, good repeatability, and a high detection capacity. The fluorescence technique is a kind of spectroscopic analysis method. The particles in the sample are excited by irradiation at a specific wavelength, emitting radiation of a different wavelength. It is possible to use this for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the target analyte. The microfluidic techniques incorporate several features to control chemical reactions in a micro device of low sample volume and reagent consumption. They are cheap and rapid methods for the detection of phosphorus in water. The remote sensing technique analyzes the sample for the target analyte using an optical technique, but without direct contact. It can cover a wider area than the other techniques mentioned in this review. Conclusion: It is concluded that the sensing technologies reviewed in this study are promising for rapid detection of phosphorus in water. The measurement range and sensitivity of the sensors have been greatly improved recently.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.702-704
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• 2017

원전 해체 및 사고 시 신속한 제염작업을 위해서는 감마선원에 대한 정확한 정보가 필수적이다. 제거해야할 감마선원의 위치를 보다 효율적으로 나타내기 위하여 실측영상을 기반으로 한 공간영역을 생성하고. 방사선원의 분포를 표현함으로써 보다 신속하게 감마선원의 제염작업을 수행할 수 있다. 기 개발된 감마선 영상화 장치는 감마선원에 대한 탐지 후 가시영상과 중첩하여 2차원 영상만을 제공하고 있지만 선원까지의 거리정보 등은 나타내지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 보다 효율적인 제염작업을 위해 감마선원에 대한 분포정보와 함께 거리값을 기반으로 한 3차원 모델링 결과의 산출하고 사용자가 직접 확인할 수 있는 가시화 및 운용환경 개발에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 향후 스테레오기반의 감마선 탐지장치의 성능개선을 위해 활용될 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4847-4851
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• 2013

Objectives: To evaluate accuracy of FDG-PET CT in prediction of persistent disease in head and neck cancer cases and to determine prognostic value of metabolic tumor response. Materials and Methods: Between 2009 and 2011, 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck receiving PET-CT were treated with definitive radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. There were 29 nasopharyngeal, 11 hypopharyngeal, 3 oropharyngeal and 3 laryngeal cancer patients, with a median age of 50.5 years (range 16-84), 32 males and 14 females. All patients were evaluated with PET-CT median 3-5 months (2.4-9.4) after completion of radiotherapy. Results: After a median 20 months of follow up, complete metabolic response was observed in 63% of patients. Suspicious residual uptake was present in 10.9% and residual metabolic uptake in 26.0% of patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FDG-PET-CT for detection of residual disease was 91% and 81%, 64% and 96% respectively. Two year LRC was 95% in complete responders while it was 34% in non-complete responders. Conclusions: FDG PET CT is a valuable tool for assessment of treatment response, especially in patients at high risk of local recurrence, and also as an indicator of prognosis. Definitely more precise criteria are required for assessment of response, there being no clear cut uptake value indicating residual disease. Futhermore, repair processes of normal tissue may consume glucose which appear as increased uptake in control FDG PET CT.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.329-329
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• 2007

Photoconductive poly crystalline lead oxide coated on amorphous thin film transistor (TFT) arrays is the best candidate for direct digital x-ray detector for medical imaging. Thicker films with lessening density often show lower x-ray induced charge generation and collection becomes less efficient. In this work, we present a new methodology used for the high density deposition of PbO. We investigate the structural properties of the films using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy experiments. The film coatings of approximately $200\;{\mu}m$ thickness were deposited on $2"{\times}2"$ conductive-coated glass substrates for measurements of dark current and x-ray sensitivity. The lead oxide (PbO) films of $200\;{\mu}m$ thickness were deposited on glass substrates using a wet coating process in room temperature. The influence of post-deposition annealing on the characteristics of the lead oxide films was investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy have been employed to obtain information on the morphology and crystallization of the films. Also we measured dark current, x-ray sensitivity and linearity for investigation of the electrical characteristics of films. It was found that the annealing conditions strongly affect the electrical properties of the films. The x-ray induced output charges of films annealed in oxygen gas increases dramatically with increasing annealing temperatures up to $500^{\circ}C$ but then drops for higher temperature anneals. Consequently, the more we increase the annealing temperatures, the better density and film quality of the lead oxide. Analysis of this data suggests that incorporation and decomposition reactions of oxygen can be controlled to change the detection properties of the lead oxide film significantly. Post-deposition thermal annealing is also used for densely film. The PbO films that are grown by new methodology exhibit good morphology of high density structure and provide less than $10\;pA/mm^2$ dark currents as they show saturation in gain (at approximate fields of $4\;V/{\mu}m$). The ability to operate at low voltage gives adequate dark currents for most applications and allows voltage electronics designs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
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• pp.399-402
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• 2002

This paper is researched that electric characteristic of Digital x-ray radiography technique with changing composition ratio of Iodine. Dopant material, Iodine is evaporated with amorphous selenium. Thorugh the old papers say, doponted Iodine will be down the created trap level because of Arsenic dopant material in amorphous selenium. Arsenic material of Composition ratio in amorphous selenium is fixed with 0.3% and test sample is deposited composition of 30, 100, 300, 500, 700ppm with thermal evaporate system. Experimental measurement is performed by dark current and x-ray sensitivity in amorphous selenium based radition detector sensor. Fabricated test sample thickness is $30{\mu}m$ and injected voltage is $3{\mu}m$，$6{\mu}m$，$9{\mu}m$ to both electrode. Experimental results showed that the net charge of composition rate of 30ppm is 398.88 pc/mR/$cm^2$ very high. And increase of the Iodine composition ratio is tendency to the decrease of net charge. Doping changing composition of Iodine in amorphous selenium detector offered to basical information of amorphous selenium material.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

현재 광도전체 물질을 이용한 직접변환방식의 방사선 검출기 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 광도전체 물질 중 상용화된 비정질 셀레늄(a-Se)에 비해 요오드화수은($HgI_2$) 광도전체 화합물은 고에너지에 대한 높은 흡수율과 민감도를 가지는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 또한 이러한 광도전체 필름은 발생된 신호의 검출효율은 상하부 전극크기에 의한 전기장의 세기 및 기하학적 분포에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 $HgI_2$ 광도전체 필름에서 상하부 전극의 크기에 따른 X선 검출특성을 조사하였다. 시편제작은 기존의 진공 증착법이 두꺼운 대면적 필름제조가 어렵다는 문제점을 해결하고자 페이스트 인쇄법을 이용하여 인듐전극이 코팅된 유리기관위에 제작하였으며, 시편의 두께를 $150{\mu}m$, 면적크기를 $3cm{\times}3cm$ 크기로 제조하였다. 상부전극은 마그네틱 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 $3cm{\times}3cm$, $2cm{\times}2cm$, $1cm{\times}1cm$의 크기로 ITO(indium-tin-oxide)를 진공 증착하였다. 특성평가를 위해 X선 선량에 대한 민감도와 누설전류, 신호대잡음비를 측정하여 필름의 전기적 검출 특성을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 그 결과 상부전극의 크기가 증가함에 따라 검출된 신호의 크기가 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 하지만, 전극크기의 증가에 따른 누설전류 또한 증가함으로써 신호대잡음비는 오히려 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 향후 광도전체를 적용한 X선 영상검출기 개발에 있어 상부전극의 최적크기와 구조설계가 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3140-3149
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• 2023

In theory, the sharp dose falloff at the distal end of a proton beam allows for high conformal dose to the target. However, conformity has not been fully achieved in practice, primarily due to beam range uncertainty, which is approximately 4% and varies slightly across institutions. To address this issue, we developed a new range verification system prototype: a multi-slit prompt-gamma camera (MSPGC). This system features high prompt-gamma detection sensitivity, an advanced range estimation algorithm, and a precise camera positioning system. We evaluated the range measurement precision of the prototype for single spot beams with varying energies, proton quantities, and positions, as well as for spot-scanning proton beams in a simulated SSPT treatment using a phantom. Our results demonstrated high accuracy (<0.4 mm) in range measurement for the tested beam energies and positions. Measurement precision increased significantly with the number of protons, achieving 1% precision with 5 × 10⁸ protons. For spot-scanning proton beams, the prototype ensured more than 5 × 10⁸ protons per spot with a 7 mm or larger spot aggregation, achieving 1% range measurement precision. Based on these findings, we anticipate that the clinical application of the new prototype will reduce range uncertainty (currently approximately 4%) to 1% or less.

• Brain Tumor Research and Treatment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

Brain tumors represent a diverse spectrum of histology, biology, prognosis, and treatment options. Although MRI remains the gold standard for morphological tumor characterization, positron emission tomography (PET) can play a critical role in evaluating disease status. This article focuses on the use of PET with radiolabeled glucose and amino acid analogs to aid in the diagnosis of tumors and differentiate between recurrent tumors and radiation necrosis. The most widely used tracer is $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Although the intensity of FDG uptake is clearly associated with tumor grade, the exact role of FDG PET imaging remains debatable. Additionally, high uptake of FDG in normal grey matter limits its use in some low-grade tumors that may not be visualized. Because of their potential to overcome the limitation of FDG PET of brain tumors, $^{11}C$-methionine and $^{18}F$-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) have been proposed. Low accumulation of amino acid tracers in normal brains allows the detection of low-grade gliomas and facilitates more precise tumor delineation. These amino acid tracers have higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting brain tumors and differentiating recurrent tumors from post-therapeutic changes. FDG and amino acid tracers may be complementary, and both may be required for assessment of an individual patient. Additional tracers for brain tumor imaging are currently under development. Combinations of different tracers might provide more in-depth information about tumor characteristics, and current limitations may thus be overcome in the near future. PET with various tracers including FDG, $^{11}C$-methionine, and FDOPA has improved the management of patients with brain tumors. To evaluate the exact value of PET, however, additional prospective large sample studies are needed.