• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2007

This study is surveyed for understanding attitude toward make-up and purchasing behavior of cosmetics of preteen generation, elementary school students among 10 to 12 using a method of questionnaire. It helps concerned traders comprehend purchasing characteristics of preteen and map out a strategy for marketing of preteen. And it used research material being able to understand socio-psychological characteristics and attitude toward make-up and purchasing behavior of cosmetics of preteen generation. For the survey, a method of questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of 4 questions for socio-psychological characteristics, 5 for appearance, 8 for attitude toward make-up and 6 for cosmetic purchase behavior and 3 for demographic factors. 458 girl students among 4, 5 and 6th graders at elementary schools in Seoul were selected on a random basis. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation. F-test, Duncanis post test and crosstab analysis were also applied. 1. The level of interest of pre-teen generations was found normal. 2. The most popular destinations for buying cosmetics were dedicated cosmetics shops and department stores. 3. Satisfaction and interest of appearance and make-up. 4. Attitude toward make-up and behavior of purchase cosmetics as grades.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2004

Objectives : The aims of this report are to examine the personal characteristics and to determine the different reactions against stress by constitutions. To achieve these goals, the statistical research was adopted. Methods : First of all, the total numbers of 398 middle school students were classified into three constitutions by QSCC II. According to each type of constitutions, both of the KPI Personality Test and Multidimensional Encountering Scale (MES) on how to deal with stress were conducted. Summary of the findings : 1. Based on the findings assessed by the QSCC II test, the constitutional distribution reveals the difference according to genders. In Chi-square test, the girl reveals significantly high (p<0.05) distribution in Soyangin. 2. In Independent T-test regarding KPI personality, the girl reveals high significance (p<0.05) in terms of 'Sociability', 'Responsibility', 'Synchronism' and 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization) while the boy reveals high significance in 'Goal-driven' (p<0.05). 3. In Independent T-test regarding the multidimensional encounter scaling, the girl reveals high significance (p<0.05) in D (expression of emotion). 4. In case of the boy, the Soeumin shows low significance (p<0.05) in 'Leadership' and 'Sociability' compared to the Taeumin or the Soyangin. On the other hand, the Soeumin reveals high significance (p<0.05) in 'Responsibility' and 'Self-control' compared to the Soyangin and additionally, shows high significance (p<0.05) in 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization) compared to the Taeumin or the Soyangin. Furthermore, the Soyangin shows high significance (p<0.05) in 'Self-confidence' compared to the Soeumin or the Taeumin. 5. In case of the girl, the Soyangin reveals high significance in 'Sociability' and 'Self-confidence' compared to the Soeumin or the Taeumin while the Soeumin has high significance in 'Synchronism' compared to the Taeumin or Soyangin. On the other hand, the Soeumin has high significance in terms of 'Responsibility', 'Self-control', and 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization) while showing low significance in 'Flexibility' compared to the Soyangin. 6. For boys, the Soeumin has low significance in 'Sociability' in comparison with both the Soyangin and the Taeumin, whereas for girls, the Soyangin reveals high significance in 'Sociability' in comparison with both the Soeumin and the Taeumin. As per the 'Self-confidence' and 'Responsibility', it has been proved that there is no notable difference between the boy and the girl, but to the contrary, as per the 'Self-confidence', both for the girl and the boy, the Soyangin has high significance (p<0.05) in comparison with the Soeumin and the Taeumin. In addition, in 'Responsibility' side, it is recognized that the Soeumin shows high significance (p<0.05) in comparison with the Soyangin both for boys and girls. Only the difference between genders, as to the 'Self-confidence', is that the Soeumin shows low distribution compared to the Taeumin in the case of boys, while the Taeumin shows low distribution compared to the Soeumin in the case of girls. In 'Self-feminity' (or Feminization), for boys the Soeumin shows high significance in comparison with both the Soeumin and the Taeumin, but to the contrary, for girls the Soeumin shows high significance (p<0.05) only against the Soyangin. 7. In case of boys, as to 'Conformability (compromise)', the Taeumin compared to the Soeumin reveals high significance (p<0.05), while for girls, the Soeumin compared to the Soyangin or the Taeumin reveals high significance (p<0.05). Consequently, it presents that the Soyangin has a tendency not to confirm (compromise) relatively in comparison with other constitutions regardless of the genders. Conclusions : In general, except that it shows some constitutional deviation by genders, the statistical findings of this report agree and comply with the personal characteristics of Sasangin presented by Je-Ma Lee.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.268-276
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to vitamin & mineral supplement use by the adolescents. Nine hundred and seventy-two adolescent boys and girls attending middle or high schools were chosen from various cities and rural communities in Korea. In this study, the factors affecting vitamin & mineral supplement use were analyzed from a self-administered questionnaire. It was found that vitamin & mineral supplements were taken by 31.3% of subjects. High school students(p<.01), female girl students(p<.001), and rural-dwellers(p<.001) took vitamin & mineral supplements more frequently than their complementing groups. The socioeconomic status of the family (p<.01), and supplement consumption by parents and siblings respectively affected the supplement use by the subjects(p<.001). Vitamin·mineral supplements were consumed more often in subjects who perceived their health as poor(p<.001), skipped breakfast(p<.05), and received nutritional information from books or magazines(p<.05). However, food habits and nutritional knowledge score of subjects did not affect vitamin & mineral supplement use. These findings suggest that adolescents take vitamin & mineral supplements commonly, and they tend to use supplements without prescription. Vitamin·mineral supplement consumption seems to be affected by general characteristics, health related variables, and meal management attitudes of subjects. Therefore, nutritional understanding and education are required in regard to the used of vitamin & mineral supplements, and the relationship between balanced diet and good health for the adolescents.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.271-301
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to investigate how students generalize and prove the factoring of $x^n-1$ using a Computer Algebra System application and the role of CAS in this process. The theoretical framework consists of the anthropological and the instrumental approach. In particular, the basis of the Task-Technique-Theorization(T-T-T) frame adapted form Chevallard's anthropological approach of Didactics is utilized. We found that Technique-Theorization emerges in mutual interaction between paper-and-pencil techniques and computer algebra techniques. And this interaction led to the students' theoretical reflection and conceptual understanding. In this process, we could identify three epistemic role of CAS : the role of checking the result, the role of cognitive stimulation and the role of extending thinking. Therefore CAS plays on a epistemic role of checking the result of a task, stimulating the student' cognition and extending their thinking as well as pragmatic role of producing the result of a input.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1063-1070
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between appearance perception, appearance satisfaction, and self-esteem in adolescents who demand the orthodontic treatment. Methods : A total sample of 403 high school students filled out the questionnaire and data were analyzed by using SPSS ver 20.0. for n (%), chi-square test, t-test, and a logistic regression. Results : Girl students (68.3%) tended to have a higher demand for orthodontic treatment than male students (31.7%). Higher appearance perception(t=6.967, p<0.001), lower appearance satisfaction(t=-5.477, p<0.001) and lower self-esteem(t=-7.333, p<0.001) were higher in group of demand for orthodontic treatment. The logistic regression analysis revealed that a gender, self-perception of their teeth, appearance perception, and self-esteem were significantly associated with orthodontic treatment demand. Conclusions : The result of this study will provide basic data for the consideration of psychosocial factors in orthodontic treatment in adolescents.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the actual condition on consumption of adolescents, focused on their pocket money. Three-hundred students attending in middle and high school in Kyounggi Province were selected, and surveyed using questionnaires. Out of them, 272 students were used in statistical analysis, with frequency, percentage and Chi-test in SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows : First, most adolescents got pocket money irregularly from their mothers and average amount per month was more than 10 thousands and less than 50 thousands won. And they weren't satisfied with that amount, especially girl students. Second, most adolescents got extra money when it is a gala day or their records were improved. And most of them did nothing on consideration for their pocket money. Third, most adolescents spent pocket money for hobby or leisure and for snacks. Fourth, most adolescents had never guided how to spend money and had never evaluated their money spending. Fifth, most adolescents tried to spend money thoughtfully and evaluated their friends spent money on impulse. Sixth, most adolescents wanted to buy clothings and friends influenced their spending habit.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

본 연구는 제7차 교육과정의 중학교 기술 가정 교과 중 의생활 단원을 세부영역으로 분류하여, 각 세부영역별 학습자의 수업만족도와 필요도를 조사하고, 교과서에 제시되어 있는 활동과제의 학습 유형 및 활용도를 조사하여 교과내용 개선을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 조사대상은 수도권 소재 중학교 3학년에 재학중인 남학생 169명과 여학생 336명으로 총 505명으로 하였다. 본 조사에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0 for Windows Program을 사용하여 분석하였다. 조사대상자들의 인구 통계적 특성과 활동과제의 활용도는 빈도와 백분율로 산출하였으며, 세부영역별 수업만족도와 교과내용의 필요도. 교과내용의 적절성과 교수방법, 교수매체의 활용, 활동과제를 하고 난 후의 느낌의 차이를 알아보기 위해서 기술통계 또는 t-test, 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실시하였고, 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)의 사후검증을 위해서는 Duncan의 다중 범위 검증(Duncan's Multiple Range Test)을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 기술 가정 교과서의 의생활 단원 세부영역별 수업만족도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 세부영역에 따른 교과내용의 필요도는 의복재료 영역이 가장 낮은 필요도를 보였으며, 나머지 영역들은 보통 이상의 필요도를 보였다. 전체적으로 남학생보다 여학생이 교과내용에 대한 필요성을 더 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 가사노동의 참여 여부에 따라서는 실생활에 적용가능한 부분에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 교과내용의 적절성에 관련하여 남 녀 모두 교과내용이 흥미롭지 않다고 응답하였으며, 의생활 단원의 실험 실습을 학생들이 어려워하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 교수방법에 대해서는 '교과서를 읽어나가고 설명하는 방법에 의해 수업이 진행되었다'는 응답이 많아 앞으로 다양한 교수방법과 교수매체의 활용이 이루어져야 한다고 생각된다. 넷째, 교과서의 활동과제 활용도는 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 발견탐구 학습이 가장 많이 활용한 것으로 나타났으며 협동학습은 전혀 활용하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 영역별로 활용한 활동과제의 유형은 옷차림 영역의 활용도가 가장 활용도가 높았으며, 의복구성의 활동과제 활용도가 제일 낮게 나타났다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

Objective : This study was to examine the effects of Doin-Angyo program, evidenced by East Asian Medicine literatures, on stress among smoking adolescents. Method : This study was a prospective community trial using a one-group, pretest-posttest design. As an intervention, Doin-Angyo program was implemented for 10 minutes per session, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks to smoking students who attend a Girl's high school. Psychological stress was measured by self-report questionnaire and physiological stress was measured by salivary cortisol. The final sample for the questionnaire included 18 participants. In addition, pre- and post-salivary cortisol levels of 24 adolescents participating in the last session were compared in order to identify the acute effects of Doin-Angyo program in reducing stress. Results : There were no significant differences in overall stress-test results from the comparisons before and after the intervention. However, we found a significant going-down of the stress level(p = .032) in the question, "About School-work" among six sub-category questions. From the salivary cortisol tests in the last session, we found, in comparison with the standard salivary cortisol density level, $0.3{\mu}g/dL$, the density level tended to go down(p = .062) when higher than the standard, and it went up(p = .001) when lower than the standard, after 10 minute session. Conclusion : The results of this pilot study supported the partial effect of Doin-Angyo program in reducing the stress levels. The study protocol and results can be used to elaborate the community trials design aiming to prove the effect of Korean Medicine based health promotion modalities.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2003

Purpose : This investigation was carried out to understand how various gender role identity in adolescence affect sexual intercourse. In addition, it was done to support and encourage gender role identity which can protect themselves from physical, psychological, social sexuality. Method : From 2003 7.1 to 7.19, questionnaire made by Lee BS(2002) was distributed to 1172 girl high school students in Seoul. Its reliability was as high as 0.80 and it was analysed by SPSS. Result : In the 3 kinds of gender role identity, girls who had sexual relations showed higher feminity and masculinity and did not show any difference in social desirability. in the 4 kinds of gender role identity, girls with sexual experience showed higher frequency in oder of androgyny and undifferentiated. In 8kinds, bisexuality was higher and girls with experience showed undifferentiated of low social desirability. There were no difference between the gender role identity and the age of the first sexual experience. The factors that affected gender role identity were school, grade, economic standard and whether they have a girlfriend or boyfriend. Conclusion : Programs that focus on problem solving of sexual education for androgyny of sexually high experienced and undifferentiated of low social desirability, should be provided.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression and predictors of depression in middle-school girls. Method: A self-report survey was conducted with 2nd and 3rd grade students in a girls'middle school (N=401) in Pusan. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simultaneous multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results: The mean score for the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was 20.63. The level of depression was negatively related to problem-solving ability, self-esteem, total household income, school achievement, self-perception of body-image, and satisfaction in relationships with siblings, parents, and friends. A multivariate approach showed that predictors explained 61% of variance in depression. Significant predictors of depression were self-esteem (${\beta}$=-.38), problem-solving ability (${\beta}$=-.34), and satisfaction in relationships with friends (${\beta}$=-.14) and parents (${\beta}$=-.08). Conclusion: The findings suggest that it is important to develop educational programs to increase self-esteem and problem-solving abilities in middle school girls. Considering the high levels of depression in middle school girls, school nurses play an important role in detecting and reducing emotional tension among these students. Nursing interventions, including art therapy, problem-solving counseling, and bibliotherapy could be useful in enhancing self-esteem, problem-solving abilities, and satisfaction in relationship with friends, siblings and parents.