• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.170-183
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• 2013

This paper gives an overview of fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) with practical design perspectives focusing on a ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ modulation technique and a finite-impulse response (FIR) filtering method. Spur generation and nonlinearity issues in the ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ fractional-N PLLs are discussed with simulation and hardware results. High-order ${\Delta}{\Sigma}$ modulation with FIR-embedded filtering is considered for low noise frequency generation. Also, various architectures of finite-modulo fractional-N PLLs are reviewed for alternative low cost design, and the FIR filtering technique is shown to be useful for spur reduction in the finite-modulo fractional-N PLL design.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1250-1252
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• 2003

This Paper presents Sigma-Delta Modulation(SDM) schemes to generate switching waveform for a high-power factor boost-type rectifier. The SDM scheme can be implemented by simple digital algorithm unlike conventional PWM schemes with several hardware, and has the characteristics of spectrum-spreading and noise-shaping effects, which are profitable in harmonic reduction of input current in the boost-type rectifier. The comparison results of their spectrum performances shows that the 1st-order SDM has better harmonic suppression effect than conventional PWM scheme and Dithered SDM scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.69-72
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• 2000

Multilevel modulation schemes are known to be highly bandwidth efficient. By varying modulation level adaptively according to channel conditions (i.e. adaptive QAM schemes or AQAM), high bandwidth efficiency can be achieved. This paper considers the effect of time delay on the adaptive QAM schemes in dispersive fading channels. In order to undertake investigations effectively, a simulator has been developed. The simulation results show that the BER performance obtained for the wideband channel with a delay spread of 0.75 $\mu$sec is better than 10$^{-4}$ with a SNR value of 40 ㏈ and ABPS is found to be approximately 5.5.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.220-220
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• 2013

Surface-normal transmission electro-absorption modulator (EAM) are attractive for high-definition (HD) three-dimensional (3D) imaging application due to its features such as small system volume and simple epitaxial structure [1,2]. However, EAM in order to be used for HD 3D imaging system requires uniform modulation performance over large area. To achieve highly uniform modulation performance of EAM at the operating wavelength of 850 nm, it is extremely important to remove the GaAs substrate over large area since GaAs material has high absorption coefficient below 870 nm which corresponds to band-edge energy of GaAs (1.424 eV). In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a transmission EAM in which highly selective backside etching methods which include lapping, dry etching and wet etching is carried out to remove the GaAs substrate for achieving highly uniform modulation performance. First, lapping process on GaAs substrate was carried out for different lapping speeds (5 rpm, 7 rpm, 10 rpm) and the thickness was measured over different areas of surface. For a lapping speed of 5 rpm, a highly uniform surface over a large area ($2{\times}1\;mm^2$) was obtained. Second, optimization of inductive coupled plasma-reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) was carried out to achieve anisotropy and high etch rate. The dry etching carried out using a gas mixture of SiCl4 and Ar, each having a flow rate of 10 sccm and 40 sccm, respectively with an RF power of 50 W, ICP power of 400 W and chamber pressure of 2 mTorr was the optimum etching condition. Last, the rest of GaAs substrate was successfully removed by highly selective backside wet etching with pH adjusted solution of citric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Citric acid/hydrogen peroxide etching solution having a volume ratio of 5:1 was the best etching condition which provides not only high selectivity of 235:1 between GaAs and AlAs but also good etching profile [3]. The fabricated transmission EAM array have an amplitude modulation of more than 50% at the bias voltage of -9 V and maintains high uniformity of >90% over large area ($2{\times}1\;mm^2$). These results show that the fabricated transmission EAM with substrate removed is an excellent candidate to be used as an optical shutter for HD 3D imaging application.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2009

Conventional series-resonant pulse frequency modulation controlled DC-DC high power converters with a high-frequency transformer link which is designed for driving the high power microwave generator has the problem of hard switching commutation at turn-on and turn-off of active power switching devices. This problem is due to the influence of the magnetizing current of the high-frequency transformer. This paper presents a novel prototype for a high-frequency transformer using parasitic parameters with a lossless inductive snubber and a series resonant capacitor assisted series-resonant zero current switching pulse frequency modulated DC-DC power converter, which is designed using a high power magnetron for microwave ovens. In order to implement a complete and efficient soft switching commutation, the performance of the new converter topology is practically confirmed and evaluated in the prototype of a power microwave generator.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.967-970
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• 2014

An efficient peak detection algorithm in magnitude spectrum is proposed to distinguish the M-frequency shift keying(FSK) signals from other digitally modulated signal. In addition, recognition of the modulation order estimation of FSK signals is also studied based on the fact that the magnitude spectrum of FSK signals reveals the number of peaks equal to the modulation order. When no a priori information about the signals, we utilize the histogram of the magnitude spectrum to determine the threshold which is important factor in peak detection algorithm. The simulation results show high probability of classification under 500 symbols and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) higher than 4dB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.981-989
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• 2015

In a log likelihood ratio(LLR) calculation of the detected symbol, multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) system applying an optimal or suboptimal algorithm such as a maximum likelihood(ML) detection, sphere decoding(SD), and QR decomposition with M-algorithm Maximum Likelihood Detection(QRM-MLD) suffers from exponential complexity growth with number of spatial streams and modulation order. In this paper, we propose a LLR calculation method with very low complexity in the QRM-MLD based symbol detector for a high order modulation based $N_T{\times}N_R$ MIMO system. It is able to approach bit error rate(BER) performance of full maximum likelihood detector to within 1 dB. We also analyze the BER performance through computer simulation to verify the validity of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a polarity decision carrier recovery algorithm for high order QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), which has robust and large frequency acquisition performance in the high order QAM modem. The proposed polarity decision PD(Phase Detector) output and its variance characteristic are mathematically derived and the simulation results are compared with conventional DD(Decision-Directed) method. While the conventional DD algorithm has linear range of $3.5^{\circ}{\sim}3.5^{\circ}$, the proposed polarity decision PD algorithm has linear range as large as $-36^{\circ}{\sim}36^{\circ}$ at ${\gamma}-17.9$. The conventional DD algorithm can only acquire offsets less than ${\pm}10\;KHz$ in the case of the 256 QAM while an analog front-end circuit generally can reduce the carrier-frequency offset down to only ${\pm}100\;KHz$. Thus, in this case additional AFC or phase detection circuit for carrier recovery is required. But by adopting the proposed polarity decision algorithm, we can find the system can acquire up to ${\pm}300\;KHz$at SNR = 30dB without aided circuit.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2008

In this paper, Digital MultiTone(DMT) is an emerging multi-carrier modulation scheme, which has been adopted for VDSL(Very high speed Digital Subscribe Line). A problem of DMT is its sensitivity to frequency offset between the transmitted and received carrier frequencies. This frequency offset introduces inter-carrier interference(ICI) in the DMT symbol. This paper is proposed an ICI cancelation scheme using Kalman Filtering. The performance of the proposed method is compared with conventional methods in terms of bit error rate performance, bandwidth efficiency, and computational complexity. Through simulations, it is shown that for high values of the frequency offset and for higher order modulation schemes, the EKF(Enhanced Kalman Filtering) method perform better than the others.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a flexible turbo decoding algorithm for a high order modulation scheme that uses a standard half-rate turbo decoder designed for binary quadrature phase-shift keying (B/QPSK) modulation. A transformation applied to the incoming I-channel and Q-channel symbols allows the use of an off-the-shelf B/QPSK turbo decoder without any modifications. Iterative codes such as turbo codes process the received symbols recursively to improve performance. As the number of iterations increases, the execution time and power consumption also increase. The proposed algorithm reduces the latency and power consumption by combination of the radix-4, dual-path processing, parallel decoding, and early-stop algorithms. We implement the proposed scheme on a field-programmable gate array and compare its decoding speed with that of a conventional decoder. The results show that the proposed flexible decoding algorithm is 6.4 times faster than the conventional scheme.