• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.566-570
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• 2008

Vertical nanowire SGFETs(Surrounding Gate Field Effect Transistors) provide full gate control over the channel to eliminate short channel effects. This paper presents design and characterization of a differential pair amplifier using NMOS and PMOS SGFETs with a 10nm channel length and a 2nm channel radius. The amplifier dissipates $5{\mu}W$ power and provides 5THz bandwidth with a voltage gain of 16, a linear output voltage swing of 0.5V, and a distortion better than 3% from a 1.8V power supply and a 20aF capacitive load. The 2nd and 3rd order harmonic distortions of the amplifier are -40dBm and -52dBm, respectively, and the 3rd order intermodulation is -24dBm for a two-tone input signal with 10mV amplitude and 10GHz frequency spacing. All these parameters indicate that vertical nanowire surrounding gate transistors are promising candidates for the next generation high speed analog and VLSI technologies.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2000년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.88-89
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• 2000

The properties for self-frequency doubling (SFD) is unique phenomena for a small number of special single crystals. It is known that there are serious limitations to vary the concentration of active ions, for example high doping of active ions from 1 to 50 atomic %, in nonlinear materials. Until now, the Nd:YAl$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ (YAB) and Nd:(Ce,Gd)Sc$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ (CSB) crystals with high doping rates are well studied for the application of SFD purpose. They have much useful SFD properties, but also have big problems in crystal growth. In case of YAB crystal, it can be grown by solution melt method with very low growth rates and easy occurrence of inclusions. In case of CSB crystal, it has optically heterogeneity problems because of disarrangement of ions in huntite structure [1]. These problems make above crystals not so attractive for optical applications. Some popular nonlinear materials, such as LiNbO$_3$(LN), KTiOPO$_4$(KTP), LiB$_3$O$_{5}$ (LBO) crystals, are impossible to substitute by Rare Earth activators because of their crystallo-chemical problems of structure. When we dope active ions with the requisite concentrations for laser generation, it results in decreasing of optical quality of crystals or destroying of acentrosymmetric structure. (omitted)d)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.268-274
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• 1992

An attempt to improve the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of MAP (methyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl)aminopropanoate) by modifying the substituents on the amino group of MAP is described. Several MAP analogues have been prepared using optically active amino acids alanine, phenylalanine and serine, and their SHG efficiencies measured. None of the MAP analogues exhibited SHG efficiencies as high as that of MAP. X-ray crystal structures of three MAP analogues have been determined. In the crystal structures of two of them, which were the derivatives of phenylalanine, two crystallographically-independent molecules existing in the asymmetric unit are aligned almost antiparallel. These structures are consistent with the very low SHG efficiencies of these compounds. On the other hand, the crystal structure of a serine derivative reveals substantial alignment of the dinitroaniline chromophore along the polar axis. However, the angle of 86.2° between the molecular charge tranfer axis and the polar axis of the crystal is still far away from the optimum value of 54.74° for the phase-matchable SHG. The structure is consistent with the SHG efficiency of this compound which is much higher than those of the phenylalanine derivatives but still lower than that of MAP. This study demonstrates the importance of the orientation of molecules in the crystal lattice in determining secod-order nonlinear optical properties of crystalline materials.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2012

Recently, due to the expansion of electric power demands, nonlinear load such as converters and inverters connected to the electric power distribution system, and extensive application of harmonic generation sources with power electric devices, disturbance of the electric power system and its influences on industries have been continuously increasing. In this research, power quality was analyzed for 11 extra-high voltage customers by considering voltage unbalance condition, power factor, THD and TDD. This research will be utilized as fundamental data to improve power quality for power utility.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2001년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.69-75
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• 2001

A new method to calculate the aeroacoustic pressure of a centrifugal fan was developed The fan consists of an impeller, diffuser and circular casing. Due to the high rotating velocity and the small gap between the impeller and diffuser, the centrifugal fan makes very high noise level at BPF and its harmonic frequencies. The aeroacoustic pressure is calculated acoustic analogy In this paper, only dipole term is considered in the equation. The acoustics generated by moving impeller and stationary diffuser is calculated separately. The unsteady flow field data is calculated by the vortex method The predicted acoustic pressure agrees very well to the measured data. The difference of the two is smaller than 3dBA.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.420-423
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• 2010

We fabricated 1 mm-thick periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals by using a high-voltage amplifier for standard electric field poling combined with a voltage multiplier. Furthermore, two 1 mm-thick PPLNs were directly bonded to make a 2 mm-thick PPLN. The large aperture allowed broad angular tuning, and a broad spectral range of quasi-phase matched second-harmonic generation can be achieved in a single channel. High-power applications are also expected.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권8A호
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• pp.846-851
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• 2008

통신 산업의 급격한 발달로 통신서비스의 종류가 다양해지고 전파사용이 증가함에 따라 이전의 전파감시 시스템을 대체할 효율적이고, 지능화된 전파감시 시스템의 개발이 필요하게 되었다. 차세대 지능형 전파감시 시스템은 ITU-R, 무선설비규칙 및 전파법을 근간으로 하여 V/UHF대역의 On-Air 상의 아날로그 및 디지털신호에 대해 스펙트럼분석을 통한 채널전력과 주파수편차 및 편이, 점유대역폭(99% 또는 x-dB)을 정확하고 효율적으로 전파측정 할 수 있도록 개발되었다, 시스템의 주요 기능은 전파품질측정, 불요파(스퓨리어스, 고조파)측정, 고속스펙트럼측정, 주파수이용효율조사, 불법전파탐사, 운용감시이고, 본 논문에서는 차세대 지능형 전파감시 시스템의 주요기능 중 전파품질측정, 고속스펙트럼측정에 대해 기술한다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 1998

초음파의 비선형 음향 효과를 계측하는 방법이 재료 열화의 효과적인 평가를 위한 새로운 접근법으로 제시되었다. 비선형 음향 효과란 음파가 전파함에 따라서 2차나 그 이상의 고조파 성분이 발생하는 것으로 설명될 수 있다. 따라서, 먼저 비선형 효과에 의해 고조파 성분이 발생하는 메커니즘을 비선형 탄성론에 기초를 두고 설명하였다. 다음으로, 열화된 재료에서 어느 정도의 고조파 성분이 발생하는지를 계측하기 위하여, 헤테로다인 신호 검출법을 이용하는 초음파 신호 분석 장치를 기초로 계측계를 구성하였으며, 인장하중과 피로하중을 가하여 인공적으로 열화시킨 SS41과 SS45 시편에 대해 실험하였다. 실험 결과 열화의 정도와 비선형 효과가 강한 상관성을 보였으며 이로부터 비선형 음향 효과가 재료 열화 평가를 위한 유용한 수단이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.3370-3392
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• 2017

Next Generation Beyond 4G/5G systems will rely on the deployment of small cells over conventional macrocells for achieving high spectral efficiency and improved coverage performance, especially for indoor and hotspot environments. In such heterogeneous networks, the expected performance gains can only be derived with the use of efficient interference coordination schemes, such as Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR), which is very attractive for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this work, femtocells are deployed according to a spatial Poisson Point Process (PPP) over hexagonally shaped, 6-sector macro base stations (MeNBs) in an uncoordinated manner, operating in hybrid mode. A newly introduced intermediary region prevents cross-tier, cross-boundary interference and improves user equipment (UE) performance at the boundary of cell center and cell edge. With tools of stochastic geometry, an analytical framework for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) distribution is developed to evaluate the performance of all UEs in different spatial locations, with consideration to both co-tier and cross-tier interference. Using the SINR distribution framework, average network throughput per tier is derived together with a newly proposed harmonic mean, which ensures fairness in resource allocation amongst all UEs. Finally, the FFR network parameters are optimized for maximizing average network throughput, and the harmonic mean using a fair resource assignment constraint. Numerical results verify the proposed analytical framework, and provide insights into design trade-offs between maximizing throughput and user fairness by appropriately adjusting the spatial partitioning thresholds, the spectrum allocation factor, and the femtocell density.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2006

최대 차수 10800의 초 고차 구 조화함수를 전개하여 중력을 모델링 하고, 이를 이용하여 상향 연속의 정확도를 검증하였다. 초 고차 구조화 함수에 의한 중력 모델링에 있어 수치계산적 난점인 르장드르 함수의 언더플로와 오버플로를 128 비트 연산에 의하여 성공적으로 수행하였으며, 이를 이용하여 지오이드상의 중력이상값을 공간 상도 $1'{\times}1'$ 으로 계산하였다. 생성된 중력이상값에 다양한 크기의 잡음을 첨가하고 자료의 간격을 달리하여 상향연속을 수행하였으며, 이로부터 도출된 중력 섭동 벡터와 중력 모델로부터 직접 계산된 섭동 벡터와의 비교를 통하여 실제적인 상향연속의 정확도를 할당하였다. 상향연속 방법의 비교에 있어, 직접방법이 포아송 방법에 비해 월등히 좋은 정확도를 보였고, 지상 중력자료의 잡음이 적을수록 또한 자료의 간격이 작을수록 상향연속에 의한 중력 섭동벡터의 정확도가 높게 나타남을 확인하였다. 특히 차세대 관성항법장치의 정밀 항법을 위한 중력의 필요조건인 5mGal의 정확도를 위해선, 지상 중력의 잡음 정도가 5mGal 이하, 자료의 간격이 2arcmin 이하이어야 함을 도출하였다.