• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.544-549
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the field Operation Characteristics of a sea water heat source cascade heat pump system and system applicable to Building. Cascade heat pump system is composed R410A compressor, R134a compressor, EEV, cascade heat exchanger, Plate heat exchanger etc. Building area is $890m^2$ and has five floors above ground. R410A is used for a low-stage working fluid while R134a is for a high-stage. The system could runs at dual mode. One is mode of general R410A refrigeration cycle in summer and the other is cascade cycle. In order to gain a high temperature supply water in winter season, the system is designed to perform a cascade cycle. The filed test results show that the sea water heat source heat pump system exhibits a COP of about 5.5 in cooling mode along with a heating COP of about 4.0 in 1-stage heating mode. Cascade 2-stage heat pump system is enough to supply $60^{\circ}C$ water and heating COP is about 3.0

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2019

Background: In order to assess the high value-added use of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle, an animal study was performed to evaluate the functional activities and key compounds present. In the animal study, sea tangle and the alginate-free residue demonstrated good anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-arteriosclerotic abilities. Results: The functional compounds in the alginate-free residue of the sea tangle were effectively extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The optimum extraction temperature and pressure were 40 ℃ and 6500 psi (M1) in the SFE, a better method in comparison to the conditions of 70 ℃ and 4500 psi (M2), respectively. The anti-atherosclerotic effects of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle (M1, M2) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with poloxamer 407, Triton WR 1339, corn oil, and a high-fat diet. The M1 fraction reduced the serum lipid levels with greater efficacy than the M2 fraction. In the hyperlipidemic rats, treatment with M1 decreased the serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels when compared to the levels in normal rats. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle reduces serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. These results suggest that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle contains physiologically active components, such as fucosterol, that may exert beneficial effects in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2015

Polycaprolactone, Dichloromethane, 이산화탄소로 구성된 3성분계 고압 시스템의 상거동 측정 실험은 가변 부피 셀 장치를 이용해서 측정했다. 실험의 온도범위는 313.15 K에서 353.15 K, 압력은 약 300 bar까지 측정했으며 실험결과는 Polycaprolactone의 질량 분율이 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%일 때 온도와 이산화탄소/Dichloromethane의 질량 분율로 정리했다. 또한 실험 결과는 hybrid 상태방정식 (Peng-Robinson 상태방정식과 SAFT 상태방정식의 혼합형태) 을 이용하여 열역학적으로 검증하였으며, 혼합규칙은 반데르 발스의 단일 유체 혼합규칙을 사용했다. 이 다성분계 시스템에서 이원 상호 작용 파라미터 등, 각종 파라미터는 심플렉스 알고리즘을 통해 최적화했다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2013

In this study, a wire/wireless communication system transmitting the operation data of engine from the ER (Engine Room) to the engine controller of ECR(Engine Control Room) has been developed through the communication of ISM(Industrial Science Medical) Band for the test operation environment improvement of medium speed engine. This wire/wireless communication system is composed of the RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) gathering and transmitting engine data as well as the MCU (Master Control Unit) receiving engine status information from the RTU to be sent to the engine controller (PLC). Through this study, a trial product of RTU and MCU has been manufactured. A test bench that has made temperature, pressure and pick-up sensor into a module for the local test of prototype was produced a test bench. In addition, at the same time save the data to a Web server and the smart phone real-time monitoring system has been developed using Wi-Fi communications. The ultimate objective of this study is to develop a wireless smart phone monitoring system of engine for the operator of engine to be able to monitor and control engine status even from the outside of engine room and control room based on this study.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Spool displacement of a direction control valve is the standard signal to measure the bandwidth frequency of the direction control valve. When the spool displacement signal is not available, it is suggested in this study to use the metering hydraulic line as an alternative way to measure - 90 degree phase bandwidth frequency of the hydraulic direction control valve. Dynamics of the hydraulic line is composed of inertia, capacitance, and friction effects. The effect of oil inertia is dominant in common hydraulic line dynamics and the line dynamics is close to a derivative action in a range of high frequency; such as a range of bandwidth frequency of common directional control valves. Phase difference between spool displacement and line load pressure is nearly constant as a valve close to 90 degree. If phase difference is compensated from the phase between valve input and pressure, compensated phase may be almost same as the phase of spool displacement that is a standard signal to measure phase bandwidth frequency of the directional control valve. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the possibility of using line pressure in to measure phase bandwidth frequency of a directional control valve. Phase bandwidth frequency could be measured with relatively high precision based on metering hydraulic line technique and it reveals consistent results even when valve input, oil temperature, and supply pressure change.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.12
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• 2024

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but deadly complication with an unclear pathogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the immune characteristics of H1N1 influenza virus-associated ANE (IANE) and provide a potential therapeutic approach for IANE. Seven pediatric cases from a concentrated outbreak of H1N1 influenza were included in this study. The patients' CD4⁺ T cells from peripheral blood decreased sharply in number but highly expressed Eomesodermin (Eomes), CD69 and PD-1, companied with extremely high levels of IL-6, IL-8 in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Patient 2, who showed high fever and seizures and was admitted to the hospital very early in the disease course, received intravenous tocilizumab and subsequently showed a reduction in temperature and a stable conscious state 24 h later. In conclusion, a proinflammatory cytokine storm associated with activated CD4⁺ T cells may cause severe brain pathology in IANE. Tocilizumab may be helpful in treating IANE.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.193-206
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• 1986

A number of auriferous veins occur in the Precambrian metamorphic terrain from Chungju to Mugeug district. These gold (-silver) deposits consist mainly of the fissure-filling quartz veins intruding the Precambrian gneiss or schist and Jurassic or Cretaceous granite. These gold (-silver) deposits can be 'divided into two mineralization epochs, (a) gold-rich veins related to Daebo igneous activity, and (b) gold-silver veins related to Bulgugsa igneous activity. These two groups of ore deposits with different generation can be characterized by the mode of occurrence of ore vein and the ore mineral associations. The auriferous quartz veins of Taechang and Boryeon mines associated with late Jurassic igneous activity are massive in character, and show the simple mineral assemblages and low Ag/Au ratio in the ores, representing a single mineralization system. The ore minerals are predominantly quartz containing minor or trace amonts of pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and electrum. Electrum is closely associated with pyrrhotite and has chemical compositions from 61.4 to 78.5 atomic % Au. Fluid inclusion data suggest that ore minerals were deposited at temperatures between 238 and $390^{\circ}C$ from $CO_2$-rich fluids. The gold and/or silver-bearing quartz veins of Geumwang mine related to middle Cretaceous igneous activity are characterized by the multistage history, diverse mineral assemblages with high Ag/Au ratio in the ores. The ores of Geumwang mine have two contrasting mineral assemblages (1) pyrite+galena+sphalerite+arsenopyrite+electrum+argentite, representing the higher gold mineralization, and (2) pyrite+chalcopyrite+ galena +sphalerite+ arsenopyrite+silver sulfosalts+ electrum+ native silver+argentite, representing the higher silver mineralization. Electrum is closely associated with pyrite and has chemical compositions from 11.2 to 49.9 atomic % Au. The depositional environment during the higher gold mineralization can be estimated as the range of both temperature and sulfur fugacity, T= $200{\sim}300^{\circ}C$, log f ($S_2$) = $10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-15}$. The higher silver mineralization may be interpreted to have formed a range of falling temperature ($150{\sim}200^{\circ}C$) and low sulfur fugacity($10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-15}$). These temperature data are consistent with homogenization temperatures of fluId inclusions in quartz. Thus, the gold veins related to the Daebo igneous activity may be formed by the environment of higher temperature and pressure than the gold-silver veins associated with the Bulgugsa igneous activity.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2023

해당 연구의 목적은 비파괴 탐사 기법의 일환인 전기비저항 탐사 방법을 활용하여 동결 지반의 거동을 평가하는 것으로, 현장 실험을 통해 그 특성을 살펴보았다. 현장 실험은 동결된 상태를 가속화하기 위하여 유체를 주입한 인위적인 동결 지반을 만들었으며, 결과를 비교하기 위하여 이와 근접한 지역에서 자연적으로 동결된 지반에도 실험을 진행하였다. 실험은 전기비저항 탐사 외에 측정 값의 신뢰성을 비교할 수 있도록 동적 콘 관입 실험(Dynamic Cone Penetration Test)를 추가적으로 활용하였으며, 지반의 함수비도 평가하기 위해 Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) 탐사도 수행하였다. 현장 실험은 대기 온도가 영하인 2월과 영상 조건을 보이는 5월에 각각 진행하였다. 전기비저항 탐사로 측정된 결과는 온도에 의존하는 경향이 있어 각 측정 값들은 온도 보상을 수행한 후 결과를 비교하였다. 측정 결과 동결 조건에서는 지반이 고체 특성을 보여 고비저항 구간이 다소 나타났으며 이를 간극률로 환산하였다. 환산된 간극률은 DCPT 결과로 유추한 간극률과 비교하여 신뢰성을 검증하였으며, 동결토에서 측정한 결과가 타당한 값으로 나타났다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.826-833
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• 2014

해양 중소규모 가스전의 경제성에 대한 화두가 던져진 이후 전통 석유의 가격변동과 세계적인 환경규약 등에 맞물려 석유화학관련 산업계에서는 이를 효과적으로 대처하고 천연가스를 활용할 수 있는 공정을 개발하고자 하였다. 이에 Fischer-Tropsch 반응을 기반으로 하는 해상 GTL 공정(offshore gas-to-liquid process)이 제안되었고 부유시스템 platform으로 공정을 적용시키고자 마이크로채널 반응기가 떠오르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단일 마이크로채널 반응기를 Fischer-Tropsch 반응을 기반으로 하여 Matlab과 ASPEN Hysys를 연동하여 모사하고 이로 얻어진 반응열을 도입해 상용 전산유체역학(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 소프트웨어인 ANSYS fluent로 멀티 마이크로채널 반응기 모델을 제작하였다. 그리고 4가지의 설계변수인 냉각채널 넓이, 높이, 냉각채널과 반응채널의 간격, 냉각채널 간의 간격을 설정하고 이들의 변화에 따른 열유동을 3가지의 변수인 열유속, 냉각 및 반응채널의 최대온도의 변화를 시각화하여 그 경향성을 확인하였다. 경향성 분석 결과, 냉각채널의 넓이와 높이는 짧을수록 총 열유속이 높아졌으며 최대온도 역시 높아졌으나 냉각채널과 반응채널의 간격은 열유동에 거의 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 냉각채널 간의 간격은 짧을수록 총 열유속이 높아졌으며 최대온도는 낮아졌다. 따라서 적절한 냉각채널의 넓이와 높이를 제안하고 짧은 간격의 냉각채널 구조를 도입하여 반응채널의 열량을 충분히 제거할 수 있는 반응기설계에 대한 휴리스틱을 제안할 수 있었다. 이처럼 멀티채널 반응기의 모델을 설계하고 이로부터 적절한 변수를 선택해 그 경향성을 확인할 수 있는 방법을 통해 설계 단계에서부터 적절한 반응기 구조에 대한 제안을 하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 1989

경남거제지역 금(金)-은광상(銀鑛床)들은 후기 백악기 안산암류와 화강섬록암(83 m.y.)내의 열극을 충진한 함금(含金)-은(銀) 열수맥상(熱水脈狀) 광체로 구성된다. 열수광화작용(熱水鑛化作用)은 구조운동에 의하여 시기적으로 3회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 초기 제$370^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 후기 $200^{\circ}C$에 이르는 제 I, II 광화기(鑛化期)에서는 각기 상이한 열수계(熱水系)에 의하여 석영, 유화물이 침전하였으며, $320^{\circ}C$를 전후로 하여 광화류체(鑛化流體)의 비담(沸膽)현상이 일어났다. 제 I, II 광화작용(鑛化作用)시의 압력은 <100기압이고, 심도는 500~1,250m였다. 금(金)-은(銀)의 주광화시기(主鑛化時期)인 광화(鑛化) I 기(期)의 공생광물에 대한 유체포유물(流體包有物) 및 광물열수학적(鑛物熱水學的) 연구에 의하면, 황철석, 섬아연석, 황동석은 $290^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서 비담작용(沸膽作用)과 동시에 정출하였고, 사면동석, 에렉트렘, 스튜자이트는 금(金)-유황종(硫黃種)의 농도가 $10^{-3}{\sim}10^{-4}$molal, 상당염농도(相當鹽濃度)가 2~6wt.% NaCl인 광화유체(鑛化流體)로부터 $220{\sim}260^{\circ}C$, 유황 및 산소분압이 각각 $10^{-11.8}{\sim}10^{-14}$, $10^{-35}{\sim}10^{-36}$ atm인 물리 화학적 환경하에서 침전하였다. 균질화(均質化) 온도와 염농도(相當鹽濃度)와의 관계는 천수류입(天水流入)에 의한 광화류체(鑛化流體)의 냉각(冷却) 및 희석(稀釋)작용이 광석광물 침전의 주된 메키니즘이었음을 지시해 주며, 유체내(流體內) 환원(還元) 유황종(硫黃種)($H_2S$)의 감소에 따른 금류화복합체(金硫化複合體)($Au(HS)_2$) 의 파괴로 금(金)의 침전이 유도되었으리라 사료된다. 유황 및 탄소, 산소 안정동위원소(安定同位元素) 연구(硏究)결과, 광화류체내(鑛化流體內)의 유황 및 탄소는 심부화성(深部火成)기원이었고, 방해석의 산소 안정동위원소(安定同位元素)값으로부터 열수계(熱水系)에서 천수(天水)가 지배적인 역할을 하였으리라 사료된다.