• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2005

Rice is the primary main dish of Traditional Korean diet. Although there have been changes in food consumption and nutrient intake among Koreans, traditional dietary pattern is stil dominant among Koreans. Traditional Korean diet has emphasized breakfast, which is the most frequently missed meals in Korea today but important for daily work performance and health. Compared to diets of the U.S. and Greece, Korean diet is high in carbohydrate and low in fat and cholesterol due to low intake of meat. Koreans also consume large amount of plant food, which makes fiber content of diet to be high. However fruit and milk consumption tends to be low in Korea. Koreans use fermented food, including kimchi, very frequently as well as foods cooked and consumed at high temperature and over direct fire. Traditional cooking methods are time consuming which limits the usage among modern city dwellers with working women. Despite the strengths of traditional Korean diets in reducing risk factors of chronic diseases, preservation of the tradition in modern Korean society requires special attention and efforts to make them more adaptable to contemporary life styles.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.68-78
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• 2021

Secondary metabolites enable plants to protect themselves from herbivorous insects. Among these, cucurbitacin B (cuc-B) is a bitter-tasting compound with promising pharmacological potential. Dietary exposure to cuc-B lowered the hemolymph glucose levels of Drosophila melanogaster fed with a high carbohydrate diet, which is homologous to high blood glucose in humans, and its effect was comparable to that of metformin, a well-known glucose-lowering drug. Furthermore, cuc-B reduced tissue sugar levels and glycogen levels, as well as triacylglycerol levels. Our results thus highlight the potential applicability of this compound to treat chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Additionally, we analyzed sleep quality and taste-associative memory enhancement after cuc-B and metformin treatment. Both supplements increased nighttime bout length and metformin increased memory consolidation. Therefore, discarded shell of Cucurbitaceae could be processed into health supplements.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2016

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional value of various dietary protein sources without a vitamin premix supplementation in juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Diets containing similar quantities of lipid and carbohydrate with 50% crude protein from fish meal (FM)/soybean meal (SBM)/corn gluten meal (CGM), FM only, casein/gelatin, high FM/low casein and low FM/high casein were fed to rockfish along with a commercial rockfish diet. The diet containing only 65.6% FM and the commercial rockfish diet produced significantly greater weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) than all other semipurified diets (SPDs); the economical diet with 52.8% FM, 10% SBM and 5% CGM produced lower WG than the diet containing FM and commercial rockfish diet, but FE and survival were similar both diets. Intermediate responses were observed for rockfish fed the SPD containing 32.8% FM and 27.4% casein, while SPDs containing 10% FM and 41.8% casein and 38.5% casein and 10% gelatin yielded the lowest WG and FE. Some differences in tissue indices and body composition of rockfish were induced by the diets containing various protein sources and levels without the vitamin premix supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.351-361
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between diabetic dietary compliance and dietary intake, physical activity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Seventy five subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes visiting the D hospital in Dongducheon from May 2014 to Dec 2014 were included in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their diabetic dietary compliance score (median 39); low diabetic dietary compliance (LDDC) group (n=44) and high diabetic dietary compliance (HDDC) group (n=31). Survey data collection was carried out by direct interview method. The nutrient intake, food intake and KDDS (Korean's dietary diversity score), DVS (dietary variety score) and GMVDF (grain, meat, vegetable, dairy and fruit) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Metabolic parameters were obtained from the hospital records. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and general linear model adjusted for sex. Results: The prevalence of MS was 59.7% in the participating diabetic patients. The prevalence of MS of the HDDC (39.3%) was significantly lower than that of the LDDC (72.7%). The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). The intakes of seeds and nuts of the HDDC were significantly lower than those of the LDDC. Fat and vegetable fat intakes and % fat of energy in the HDDC were significantly lower than those in the LDDC. But, carbohydrate (CHO) and potassium intake and %CHO of energy in the HDDC were significantly higher than those in the LDDC. KDDS and GMVDF showed significant differences between groups (p=0.033; p=0.012). Conclusions: Continuous intervention by specialized nutritionists for long-term self-regulation is needed for diabetic patients, and the high compliance to diabetic diet and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the degree of different stresses and to search the influence of food habit and nutrient intakes at stress situation in university students and secondary school teachers. The data was collected by questionnaire method and searched nutrient intakes by 24 hours recall. The subjects were 282 students and 152 high school teacher in Kyunggi do. Physical status was no difference with two groups. Energy intake of teachers was lower than that of students, but the intakes of vitamin A and C were high in teachers' group. The university students had more stress situation than teachers in almost kind of stresses except overload stress. Self-diagnosed dietary habits were better in the group of teacher. Especially smoke and alcohol drink behavior were correlated with nutrient intakes in male teachers and students. The quantity of nutrient of nutrient intakes was correlated with different kind of stress. The stress of life event was correlated with the intakes of carbohydrate, minerals, thiamin and riboflavin, and the deprivation was with iron and vitamin A in teachers' group. The intake of almost nutrients was correlated with the stress of noise in students' group. By the analysis of stepwise multiple regression, although the $R^2$ values were very low, vitamin C intake was influenced in the factor at the stress of life events($R^2$=0.025), self-efface($R^2$=0.030) and noise($R^2$=0.020), thiamin was at food induced stress ($R^2$=0.021) and vitamin A was at the stress of type A behavior($R^2$=0.022) and anxiety response($R^2$=0.014). Therefore, we could concluded that different kind of stresses were influenced in dietary behavior and nutrient intakes. More research would be needed at the aspects of health promotion in the stressful situation of modern society.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to examine the association between dietary factors and underweight and overweight adult Vietnamese living in the rural areas of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study of 497 Vietnamese aged 19 to 60 years (204 males, 293 females) was conducted in rural areas of Haiphong, Vietnam. The subjects were classified as underweight, normal weight, and overweight based on BMI. General characteristics, anthropometric parameters, blood profiles, and eating habits were obtained and dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls for 2 consecutive days. A high prevalence of both underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/$m^2$) and overweight (BMI ${\geq}$ 23 kg/$m^2$) individuals was observed (14.2% and 21.6% for males and 18.9% and 20.6% for females, respectively). For both genders, the overweight group were older than the under- and normal weight groups (P = 0.0118 for males and P = 0.0002 for females). In female subjects, the overweight group consumed significantly less cereals (P=0.0033), energy (P = 0.0046), protein (P = 0.0222), and carbohydrate (P = 0.0017) and more fruits (P = 0.0026) than the underweight group; however, no such differences existed in males. The overweight subjects overate more frequently (P = 0.0295) and consumed fish (P=0.0096) and fruits (P=0.0083) more often. The prevalence of both underweight and overweight individuals pose serious public health problems in the rural areas of Vietnamese and the overweight group was related to overeating and high fish and fruit consumption. These findings may provide basic data for policymakers and dieticians in order to develop future nutrition and health programs for rural populations in Vietnam.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.221-233
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• 2009

Korea's aging population has been remarkably increased. They want to have not only extension of life expectancy but also improving quality of life. To maintain the quality of life, it is essential to have good nutrition. However, nutritional status of elderly in Korea has problems qualitatively and quantitatively. Risk factors for poor nutrition are advanced age, woman, living alone and low economic status. Another risk factor in rural area is season because seasonal changes can affect food intake of elderly. Thus this study surveyed the health status and dietary intakes of elderly by season in rural area. In this study, the elderly were grouped as group 1 {elderly who have one risk factor for chronic diseases (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes)} and group 2 (elderly who have more than 2 risk factors). Can-Pro 3.0 was used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Obesity had the highest percentage 62%, followed by hypertension 59.5%, dyslipidemia 21.5% and diabetes 11.6%. Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were high in winter and WHR, diabetes and anemia were high in summer. Mean intakes of energy and nutrients were less than RI. Nutrients which were changed most by season were vitamin A and Vitamin C. Intakes of calcium and folic acid were less than recommended in summer. The ratio of CPF for carbohydrate was higher and fat was lower than recommended. In conclusion, the nutrient intake of Group 2 was better in quality but Group 1 was better in quantity. Nutrient intakes were poor in summer. In rural area, more careful nutritional assesment and management are needed for aged population, especially in summer.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.819-829
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of general characteristics, menopause status, dietary patterns and nutrient intakes between women aged from 30 to 65 years old with a hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group. The subjects were classified as belonging to the hypercholesterolemia group or normocholesterolemia group barred on The Guidelines for Korean Hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were measured by means of a 24-hr recall method with food models and measuring tools. We analyzed both data sets together using analysis of variance chi-square test and student's t-test(SPSS for WINDOWS, version 7.5). Significance was defied as a p value < 0.05. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Mean age and BMI of the hypercholesteroemia group were significantly higher than those of the normocholesterolemia group. Intakes of cereal, vegetables, mushrooms and sea food in the normocholesterolemia group were significantly higher than those in the hypercholesterolemia group. Most of the nutrient intakes were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and the hypercholesterolemia group. However, vitamin E intake of the normocholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that of the hypercholesterolemia group. There was a significant negative correlation between vitamin E intake and serum TC(r = -.363, p < 0.001) and LDL-C(r = -.359, p < 0.001). In addition, Serum TG had significantly correlation with carbohydrate(r = 0.137, p < 0.001) and vitamin E intake(r = -0.134, p < 0.001). Therefore, women who suffered from hypercholesterolemia were recommended to control body weight, and to consume foods containing high vitamin E and foods containing high dietary fiber such as vegetables, mushrooms, and sea food.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.519-533
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary habits of girl's high school students in Kunsan, and to investigate their recognition of food-nutrition labeling. The results are summarized as follows. General nutrition knowledge is relatively low, with an average of 0.57. It was shown that high school female students skipped breakfast rather than lunch or dinner, with a skipping rate of 28.9% for breakfast, 0.7% for lunch, and 8.6% for dinner. Regarding snacks, 35.5% of all the surveyed students had 1 snack per day, with 31.9% having them between lunch and dinner. The most popular snacks include biscuits (22.3%), noodles (18.3%) and bakery (13.3%). The most popular response was that students 'sometimes checked' the food label of processed domestic and imported processed food. The level of satisfaction with food labels is moderate, with an average of 2.96, out of 5. The most satisfactory title about food labels was 'helpful for food selection' with 3.19. On the other hand, the least satisfactory title was 'understands the label' with 2.78. Regarding the identification of the nutrition labeling, the highest response was 'sometimes watched, sometimes not' with 40.5%. Products which were most often checked were milk/milk products (3.44), snacks/bread (3.33), and soft drinks (3.07). Among nutrition labeling items, total calories was the most important, followed by fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol and calcium. The question regarding the knowledge of nutrition labeling rated an average of 0.58 (out of 1). There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of the nutrition label verification and the dietary attitude score, along with the nutrition labeling knowledge and the nutrition knowledge score of the subjects. On the other hand, the degree of the nutrition label verification and the knowledge on nutrition labeling had a significant negative correlation. Hence, it is of the opinion that education on properly reading nutrient information is necessary to enable adolescents to apply that in real life. Furthermore, labeling nutritional information on processed fred through a more comprehensive method is deemed necessary as a supporting measure.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to verify the interaction between food and ampicillin which is one of the aminopenicillins known to be absorbed by a specified dipeptide transporter in the small intestine. The absorption of ampicillin was measured in the presence of the high carbohydrate food, high fat food, and high protein food, and compared with that in the presence of the control normal food. In situ single-pass perfusion method was chosen in these experiments using two jejunal segments in the rat. Reduction in the absorption of ampicillin was not shown, when both high carbohydrate food and high fat food were co-perfused with ampicillin. When the high protein food was co-perfused with ampicillin, the difference of $C_{out}/C_{in}$ of ampicillin ratio was $0.084\;{\pm}\;0.082$, showing a trend of reduced absorption without a significance. Further, glyclysarcosine (Gly-Sar) which is a stable dipeptide in the small intestine was used in order to see the direct competitive inhibition with ampicillin on the dipeptide transporter. The difference of $C_{out}/C_{in}$ ratio was $0.078\;{\pm}\;0.020$ in the presence of 10 mM Cly-Sar, showing a significant inhibition of ampicillin absorption (p < 0.02). It suggests that dietary di- and tripeptides, the digestive products of protein food, might have influence on the absorption of ampicillin, and that ampicillin could be given at the lasting state for better absorption.