• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.31 no.3_4
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• pp.469-477
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• 2013

Pattabiraman and Paulraja [K. Pattabiraman, P. Paulraja, Vertex and edge PI indices of the generalized hierarchical product of graphs, Discrete Appl. Math. 160 (2012) 1376- 1384] obtained exact formulas for the vertex and edge PI indices of generalized hierarchical product of graphs. The aim of this note is to improve the main results of this paper.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.681-682
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• 2006

일반적으로 축구 비디오 데이터는 멀티모달과 멀티레이어 속성을 지닌다. 이러한 데이터를 다루기 적합한 모델은 동적 베이지안 네트워크(Dynamic Bayesian Network: DBN) 형태의 위계적 은닉 마르코프 모델(Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model: HHMM)이다. 이러한 HHMM 중 다중속성의 특징들이 서로 상호작용하는 PHHMM(Product Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model)이 있다. 본 논문에서는 PHHMM 을 축구 경기의 Play/Break 이벤트 검색 및 분석에 적용하였고 바람직한 결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.652-662
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• 2000

Most of established study about consumer behavior was directly connected abstract value with concrete purchase behavior, nevertheless several recognizable process is intervened between abstract concept and concept behavior. Of course researchers suggest hierarchical causality through means-end chain model. However empirical study is insufficient. And it's not certain whether the consumer's personal value affects actual evaluation about product attributes. Thus the purpose of this paper was to explore hierarchical causality of personal value, benefits sought and clothing product attributes and to suggest an alternative approach method. For the empircial study the data sets were collected through 150 female consumers living in Pusan and SAS and LISREL VIII were used for statistical analysis. As the result, hierarchical causality suggested by means-end chain model was positively substantiated. That is, benefits sought is differentiated according to personal value, and actual product attributes are indirectly influenced by personal value through benefits sought. Benefits sought are found to be key mediating variables.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.107-123
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• 2021

In an online shopping site or offline store, products purchased by each customer over time form the purchase history of the customer. Also, in most retailers, products have a product taxonomy, which represents a hierarchical classification of products. Considering the product taxonomy, the lower the level of the category to which two products both belong, the more similar the two products. However, there has been little work on similarity measures for sequences considering a hierarchical classification of elements. In this paper, we propose new similarity measures for purchase histories considering not only the purchase order of products but also the hierarchical classification of products. Unlike the existing methods, where the similarity between two elements in sequences is only 0 or 1 depending on whether two elements are the same or not, the proposed method can assign any real number between 0 and 1 considering the hierarchical classification of elements. We apply this idea to extend three existing representative similarity measures for sequences. We also propose an efficient computation method for the proposed similarity measures. Through various experiments, we show that the proposed method can measure the similarity between purchase histories very effectively and efficiently.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

In this paper we propose a new type of splines-biquadratic submesh splines over hierarchical T-meshes. The biquadratic submesh splines are in rational form consisting of some biquadratic B-splines defined over tensor-product submeshes of a hierarchical T-mesh, where every submesh is around a cell in the crossing-vertex relationship graph of the T-mesh. We provide an effective algorithm to locate the valid tensor-product submeshes. A local refinement algorithm is presented and the application of submesh splines in surface fitting is provided.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.215-226
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• 2010

Since product design strongly depends on the experience and ability of the designers, and a long lead time is required for the product design stage, introducing a support system related to this experience and ability is an effective technique to reduce the lead time. In this paper, an information system is developed to support the development of engineering mechanisms with the evaluation of the assembly process on the basis of the abstract functions required for new products. The developed system is based on a database system involving the following data structure: (1) a hierarchical structure related to information about the product functions, (2) the relationship between the parts and engineering functions and/or mechanisms of products, and (3) the relationship between the parts and manufacturing characteristics. The system stores the relationships between the product functions, structure of parts, and assembly characteristics. This information can then be interactively retrieved using the data structure described in (1), (2), and (3). A procedure for designing new products is proposed that involves using the information about existing products. This paper presents the characteristics of the proposed procedure and the developed information system. In addition, a case study of the redesign of a simple structured robot by using the proposed procedure is discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.422-429
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• 2001

A two dimensional hierarchical elements are investigated for a use on the incompressible flow computation. The construction of hierarchical elements are explained through the tensor product of 1-D hierarchical functions, and a systematic treatment of essential boundary values has been developed for the degrees of freedom corresponding to higher order terms. The numerical study for the poisson problem showed that the present scheme can increase the convergence and accuracy of finite element solutions, and can be more efficient than the standard first order with many elements. Also, for Stokes and cavity flow cases, solutions from hierarchical elements showed better resolutions and future promises for higher order solutions.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2008

An end-of-life strategy is concerned with how to disassemble a product and what to do with each of the resultingdisassembled parts. A sound understanding of the end-of-life strategy at the early design stage could improve theease of disassembly and recycling in an efficient and effective manner. Therefore, the end-of-life decisionmaking for environmental conscious design has become a great concern to product manufacturers.We introduce a novel concept ofeco-architecture which represents a scheme by which the physical componentsare allocated to end-of-life modules. An end-of-life module is a physical chunk of connected components or afeasible subassembly which can be simultaneously processed by the same end-of-life option without furtherdisassembly. In this paper, a method for analyzing the eco-architecture of a product at the configuration designstage is proposed. It produces an optimal eco-architecture under the given environmental regulations. To dealwith the case ofa complex product, the method is extended for analyzing hierarchical eco-architecture.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify selection attributes, functional benefits, psychological benefits, and values according to crossover shopping patterns (showrooming and webrooming). To achieve objectives of this study, a survey was designed based on the means-end chain theory, using the in-depth laddering technique and APT laddering technique which understanding the linkage of A(attributes)-FB(functional benefits)-PB(psychological benefit)-V(value). These two laddering techniques were used to construct a hierarchical value map (HVM) by linking selection attributes, functional benefits, psychological benefits, and value levels. The selection attribute items that showrooming shoppers consider important are 'price conformity', 'product information', 'product variety', and 'delivery service'. Functional benefit items were 'free purchase', 'economic benefit', 'communication', 'safety', and 'accurate Information', and psychological benefit items were 'convenience', 'relaxation', 'pleasure', 'rational consumption', and 'stability'. Finally, the value items were 'self-satisfaction', 'abundant life', 'achievement', 'happiness', and 'reasonable life'. Next, the selection attribute items that webrooming shoppers consider important are 'price conformity', 'product information', 'product variety', 'AS', 'shopping atmosphere', and 'seller service'. Functional benefit items were 'free purchase', 'economic profit', 'expression opinion', 'safety', and 'accurate information', and psychological benefit items were 'convenience', 'relaxation', 'rational consumption', and 'stability'. Finally, the value items were 'self-satisfaction', 'abundant life', 'happiness', and 'reasonable life'.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Process planning (selection and ordering of processes) and material selection for product manufacturing are two key things determined before taking full-scale manufacturing. Knowledge on product design. material characteristics, processes, time and cost all-together are mutually related and should be considered concurrently. Due to the complexity of problem, human experts have got only one of the feasilbe solutions with their field knowledge and experiences. We propose a hierarchical expert system framework of knowledge representation and reasoning in order to overcome the complexity. Manufacturing processes have inherently hierarchical relationships, from top level processes to bottom level operation processes. Process plan of one level is posted in process blackboard and used for lower level process planning. Process information on blackboard is also used to adjust the process plan in order to resolve the dead-end or inconsistency situation during reasoning. Decision variables for process, material, tool, time and cost are represented as object frames, and their relationships are represented as constraints and rules. Constraints are for relationship among variables such as compatibility, numerical inequality etc. Rules are for causal relationships among variables to reflect human expert\`s knowledge such as process precedence. CRSP(Constraint and Rule Satisfaction Problem) approach is adopted in order to obtain solution to satisfy both constraints and rules. The trade-off procedure gives user chances to see the impact of change of important variables such as material, cost, time and helps to determine the preferred solution. We developed the prototype system using visual C++ MFC, UNIK, and UNlK-CRSP on PC.