• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2006

무선 통신 시스템에서는 무선 채널의 속성상 채널 고장과 복구를 고려한 성능분석을 수행해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 고정 혼합 모델과 근사 모델 기법에 대하여 논의하고 이들에 대한 SRN 모델을 개발한다. 고정 혼합 모델은 채널 고장 및 복구와 채널 할당 및 서비스를 혼합한 모델로 상태 크기의 문제점이 발생할 수 있어 이를 해결할 수 있는 계층 모델을 개발한다. 계층 모델은 고장과 복구를 고려한 가용도를 상위 모델로 채널 할당 및 서비스를 하위레벨로 갖는 근사 모델이다. 하위모델은 핸드오프 호를 위한 가드채널과 음성 호의 선점 핸드오프 방식을 모델링한다. 성능지표인 신규 호 차단 확률과 핸드오프 호 분실 확률의 수치결과가 주어진다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.1515-1526
• /
• 2022

Eukaryotic chromatin is highly organized in the 3D nuclear space and dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli. This genomic organization is arranged in a hierarchical fashion to support various cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Like other host cellular mechanisms, viral pathogens utilize and modulate host chromatin architecture and its regulatory machinery to control features of their life cycle, such as lytic versus latent status. Combined with previous research focusing on individual loci, recent global genomic studies employing conformational assays coupled with high-throughput sequencing technology have informed models for host and, in some cases, viral 3D chromosomal structure re-organization during infection and the contribution of these alterations to virus-mediated diseases. Here, we review recent discoveries and progress in host and viral chromatin structural dynamics during infection, focusing on a subset of DNA (human herpesviruses and HPV) as well as RNA (HIV, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2) viruses. An understanding of how host and viral genomic structure affect gene expression in both contexts and ultimately viral pathogenesis can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제34권6A호
• /
• pp.476-483
• /
• 2009

최근 들어 실내에서의 고속 무선 통신과 음영지역 해소를 위한 해결책의 하나로 옥내용 기지국인 펨토셀(femtocell)을 활용하는 계층구조 방안이 제시되고 있으며, 이동통신 표준화 단체에서 관련 이슈에 대한 표준화 작업이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 펨토셀 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 여러 가지 기술적 문제들이 존재하며 그 중 가장 중요한 문제가 간섭으로 인한 시스템의 열화이다. 따라서 전체 시스템의 안정적이고 효율적인 운용을 위해 펨토셀 환경에서의 상호 간섭과 이에 따른 시스템 성능 분석이 요구된다. 본 고에서는 펨토셀 설치 주변의 다양한 전파 환경을 고려하여 매크로셀(macrocell)이나 펨토셀간 상호 간섭에 따른 시스템 용량 및 서비스 영역을 살펴본다. 특히 펨토셀의 주 설치 지역이 되는 실내 환경에서 매크로셀과 펨토셀간의 거리, 펨토셀 내에서 사용자의 위치, 옥내 구조물의 특징 등을 반영한 의전파전파 모델을 적용하고 그에 따른 주파수 효율성과 서비스 반경 등의 시스템 성능을 분석한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.551-559
• /
• 2005

The recent rapid increase in genomic data related to many microorganisms and the development of computational tools to accurately analyze large amounts of data have enabled us to design several kinds of simulation approaches for the complex behaviors of cells. Among these approaches, dFBA (dynamic flux balance analysis), which utilizes FBA, differential equations, and regulatory events, has correctly predicted cellular behaviors under given environmental conditions. However, until now, dFBA has centered on substrate concentration, cell growth, and gene on/off, but a detailed hierarchical structure of a regulatory network has not been taken into account. The use of Boolean rules for regulatory events in dFBA has limited the representation of interactions between specific regulatory proteins and genes and the whole transcriptional regulation mechanism with environmental change. In this paper, we adopted the operon as the basic structure, constructed a hierarchical structure for a regulatory network with defined fundamental symbols, and introduced a weight between symbols in order to solve the above problems. Finally, the total control mechanism of regulatory elements (operons, genes, effectors, etc.) with time was simulated through the linkage of dFBA with regulatory network modeling. The lac operon, trp operon, and tna operon in the central metabolic network of E. coli were chosen as the basic models for control patterns. The suggested modeling method in this study can be adopted as a basic framework to describe other transcriptional regulations, and provide biologists and engineers with useful information on transcriptional regulation mechanisms under extracellular environmental change.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 2009

Toxicogenomics using microarray technology offers the ability to conduct large-scale detections and quantifications of mRNA transcripts, particularly those associated with alterations in mRNA stability or gene regulation. In this study, we developed the HazChem Human Array V2 using the Agilent Sure-Print technology-based custom array, which is expected to facilitate the identification of environmental toxicants. The array was manufactured using 600 VOCs and PAHs-specific genes identified in previous studies. In order to evaluate the viability of the manufactured HazChem human array V2, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of 9 environmental toxicants (6 VOCs chemicals and 3 PAHs chemicals). As a result, nine toxicants were separated into two chemical types-VOCs and PAHs. After the chip validations with VOCs and PAHs, we conducted an expression profiling comparison of additional chemical groups (POPs and EDCs) using data analysis methods such as hierarchical clustering, 1-way ANOVA, SAM, and PCA. We selected 58 genes that could be classified into four chemical types via statistical methods. Additionally, we selected 63 genes that evidenced significant alterations in expression with all 13 environmental toxicants. These results suggest that the HazChem Human Array V2 will expedite the development of a screening system for environmentally hazardous materials at the level of toxicogenomics in the future.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.453-464
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 계층셀 시스템에서 이동단말의 속도에 따른 채널 할당 기법이 갖는 QoS 차이를 극복하기 위하여 두가지 핸드오프 우선 순위 기법을 제안한다. 첫 번째 기법은 매크로셀에 고속 핸드오프 호를 위한 전용채널을 할당하여 고속 단말의 핸드오프 강제 종료율을 낮추어 줌으로써 서로 다른 속도 그룹에 속한 단말들에게 동일한 서비스 품질을 유지할 수 있도록 한다. 두 번째 제안하는 기법에서는 시스템 내 트래픽 양의 증가시에 발생하는 핸드오프 호의 성능 저하를 방지하기 위하여 마이크로셀 경계에 핸드오프 호를 위한 큐를 도입한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 핸드오프 호 강제 종료율에 있어서 높은 성능 개선을 보이며 특히 저속 단말에 준하는 수준으로 고속 단말의 QoS를 보장하였다. 또한 오버플로우 대 테이크백 비율(the ratio of take-back to overflow)을 고려할 때 기존 방식에 비하여 제안하는 방식에서 보다 많은 호가 올바른 셀 계층에서 진행하게 되어 전체 시스템의 효율을 높이는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.513-516
• /
• 2005

셀룰라 오토마타가 비트단위로 데이터가 처리되는데 비하여 계층적 셀룰라 오토마타는 바이트 단위 또는 그 이상의 단위로 데이터를 처리할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 GF($2^p$) 위에서의 유한체 성질을 이용하여 한 개의 트리로 구성되는 계층적 비그룹 셀룰라 오토마타인 SAHCA의 성질에 대하여 분석한다. 또한 기본경로를 이용한 선형 SAHCA의 상태전이 그래프를 구성하는 방법과 선형 SAHCA의 상태전이 그래프를 이용하여 비선형인 여원 SAHCA의 상태전이 그래프를 구성하는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제44권9호
• /
• pp.627-636
• /
• 2021

The three-dimensional organization of chromatin and its time-dependent changes greatly affect virtually every cellular function, especially DNA replication, genome maintenance, transcription regulation, and cell differentiation. Sequencing-based techniques such as ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and Hi-C provide abundant information on how genomic elements are coupled with regulatory proteins and functionally organized into hierarchical domains through their interactions. However, visualizing the time-dependent changes of such organization in individual cells remains challenging. Recent developments of CRISPR systems for site-specific fluorescent labeling of genomic loci have provided promising strategies for visualizing chromatin dynamics in live cells. However, there are several limiting factors, including background signals, off-target binding of CRISPR, and rapid photobleaching of the fluorophores, requiring a large number of target-bound CRISPR complexes to reliably distinguish the target-specific foci from the background. Various modifications have been engineered into the CRISPR system to enhance the signal-to-background ratio and signal longevity to detect target foci more reliably and efficiently, and to reduce the required target size. In this review, we comprehensively compare the performances of recently developed CRISPR designs for improved visualization of genomic loci in terms of the reliability of target detection, the ability to detect small repeat loci, and the allowed time of live tracking. Longer observation of genomic loci allows the detailed identification of the dynamic characteristics of chromatin. The diffusion properties of chromatin found in recent studies are reviewed, which provide suggestions for the underlying biological processes.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2005

Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells are widely used to study erythroid differentiation thanks to their ability to terminally differentiate in vitro in response to chemical induction. At the molecular level, not much is known of their terminal differentiation apart from activation of adult-type globin gene expression. We examined changes in gene expression during the terminal differentiation of these cells using microarray-based technology. We identified 180 genes whose expression changed significantly during differentiation. The microarray data were analyzed by hierarchical and k-means clustering and confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. We identified several genes including H1f0, Bnip3, Mgl2, ST7L, and Cbll1 that could be useful markers for erythropoiesis. These genetic markers should be a valuable resource both as potential regulators in functional studies of erythroid differentiation, and as straightforward cell type markers.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 1996

Non-manifold topological representations can provide a single unified representation for mixed dimensional models or cellular models and thus have a great potential to be applied in many application areas. Various boundary representations for non-manifold topology have been proposed in recent years. These representations are mainly interested in describing the sufficient adjacency relationships and too redundant as a result. A model stored in these representations occupies too much storage space and is hard to be manipulated. In this paper, we proposed a compact hierarchical non-manifold boundary representation that is extended from the half-edge data structure for solid models by introducing the partial topological entities to represent some non-manifold conditions around a vertex, edge or face. This representation allows to reduce the redundancy of the existing schemes while full topological adjacencies are still derived without the loss of efficiency. To verify the statement above, the storage size requirement of the representation is compared with other existing representations and present some main procedures for querying and traversing the representation. We have also implemented a set of the generalized Euler operators that satisfy the Euler-Poincare formula for non-manifold geometric models.