• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2017

Chemical compounds from four different tissues of the kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus), a valuable medicinal crop originating from Africa, were examined to determine its potential for use as a new drug material. Leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds were harvested to identify phytochemical compounds and measure antioxidant activities. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses identified 22 different phytocompounds in hexane extracts of the different parts of the kenaf plant. The most abundant volatile compounds were E-phytol (32.4%), linolenic acid (47.3%), trisiloxane-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy] (16.4%), and linoleic acid (46.4%) in leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography identified the major compounds in the different parts of the kenaf plant as kaemperitrin, caffeic acid, myricetin glycoside, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Water extracts of flowers, leaves, and seeds exhibited the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD activity. Our analyses suggest that water is the optimal solvent, as it extracted the greatest quantity of functional compounds with the highest levels of antioxidant activity. These results provide valuable information for the development of environmentally friendly natural products for the pharmaceutical industry.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

Background: The present study assessed the response of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., Jangdae) seed to NaCl and the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on kenaf seed germination and vigor. Methods and Results: Seed germination ranged from 11.3% to 58.8% after 24 hours of immersion in NaCl concentrations from 0% to 0.5%. The priming treatments had lower electrical conductivity (EC) values for the seeds than for the control and a deteriorated palisade layer. Priming in 10% PEG for 48 hours increased the germination upto 96.3% in $H_2O$ solution and 98.8% in 0.3% NaCl solution compared to that of the control (78.8%). Germination synchronization, and shoot and root growth of the primed seeds were greater than those of the control. The $T_{50}$ of the control in $H_2O$ and 0.3% NaCl solution was 22 and 28 times, respectively. After priming, nine times was sufficient to reach $T_{50}$ in both solution. The mean number of days to germination (MDG) decreased from 1.43 days for the control to 0.55 days for 0% PEG in $H_2O$ solution and from 1.57 days for the control to 0.56 days for 0% PEG in 0.3% NaCl solution. The dry weight after the 10% PEG treatment was higher than that of the control. Conclusions: Taken together, 10% PEG treatment for 24 hours is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.50-56
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• 1964

(1) 양마의 개화 및 수정현상을 조사해서 교잡육종에 참고자료를 얻고저 이 실험을 하였다. (2) 양마의 개화시각은 품종에 따라서 현저한 차이가 있으며 따른 것은 오후 11시부터 11시 30분 늦은 것은 오전 9시 30분부터 10시 사이에 개화를 끝냈다. 가장 개화가 빠른 품종은 한국재래종이고 (P.M. 12∼12시 30분, 성화기) 제일 늦은 품종은 미국에서 도입한 Everglades 71(AM6∼6시 30분, 성화기)이며 Guatemala에서 도입한 Guatemala 38F(A.M. 4∼4시 30분, 성화기), Guatemala 2A(A.M. 4시 30분∼5시, 성화기) 미국종과 한국종의 중간정도로 개화하였다. (3) 한국재래종에 있어서는 동일품종에 있어서도 개화초기와 개화종기에 있어서는 개화시각이 다소 상이하였고 후자의 개화시각은 전자보다 늦었다. 이 원인은 주로 기온에 영향되는 것 같았고 온도의 저하에 따라 개화시각도 늦어지는 것 같이 생각되었다. (4) 상마는 개화됨과 동시에 수술의 화사가 신장되고 개약하여 수분이 되며 수분하여 수정이 되는 소요시간은 5∼6시간으로 볼 수 있었다. (5) 품종간 교잡에 있어서 제일 알맞은 교배시각은 각 품종의 개화최성기라고 생각되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2009

Presently, we report a simple, reproducible and high frequency plant regeneration in Hibiscus syriacus L. using axillary buds. H. syriacus was regenerated from axillary buds directly or through a callus phase. Regenerated shoots were directly induced from young and fresh axillary buds cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.01 mg/L of the growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ) after 2 weeks of culture. Directly induced shoots were transferred to hormone-free MS medium and root development was observed after 6 weeks. On the other hand, old and stale axillary buds were regenerated to shoots via callus induction on MS medium containing 0.01–2 mg/L TDZ after 4 weeks. A TDZ concentration of 0.01 mg/L was most effective in callus formation. Green callus was transferred to MS medium containing 0.01 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BA). After 4 weeks, callus had developed into multiple shoots. Plantlets were formed from 10 week cultures of single shoots on hormone-free MS medium. Regenerated plantlets were cultured on MS medium for one month and then transferred to pots containing garden soil. Potted plants were acclimatized for one month and grown to maturity under greenhouse conditions. The present study has shown that various concentrations of plant growth regulator can be effective for in vitro plant regeneration of H. syriacus. The direct and indirect regeneration protocol presented here will be useful for understanding the manipulation and propagation of H. syriacus.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2019

Hibiscus syriacus L., the national flower of Korea, is a commonly grown ornamental species found in parks, gardens and along roadsides in Korea. This study sought to establish a plant regeneration system of H. syriacus 'Nanpa' using mature leaves as an explant. Sterilized mature leaf explants were cultured on modified MS medium with combinations of NAA and BAP at various concentrations for 6 weeks. Among the various media evaluated, modified MS media containing 0.46 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP (CI-1) or 0.92 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BAP (CI-4) were the most effective for callus formation. Whitish-yellow calluses were observed on CI-1 medium, while green calluses formed on CI-4 medium. The whitish-yellow callus derived from CI-1 medium showed a higher frequency of shoot induction than the green callus derived from CI-4 on modified MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BAP. Among the various media evaluated in this study, modified MS medium containing 0.46 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP was the most optimal for shoot-forming callus production. Our findings show that mature leaves of H. syriacus 'Nanpa' can be used for in vitro plant regeneration, and the regeneration system described here may be a powerful tool for molecular breeding of H. syriacus 'Nanpa' in the future.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.525-527
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• 1998

본 실험은 무궁화 '홍화랑' 품종의 기내 대량 생산을 위한 액체 현탁배양에서의 배양조건과 방법을 구체적으로 규명하고자 수행되었다. Mesh 종류별로 비교해 보았을 때 가장 굵은 10 mesh를 사용한 것이 callus형성에 효과적이었으며, 회전속도에 따른 callus의 형성은 80 rpm에서 가장 효과적이었다. TDZ 0.01 mg/L 첨가된 MS 고체배지에서 유기된 callus를 TDZ 0.001 mg/L가 첨가된 액체배지에 현탁배양했을 경우 callus 형성과 신초원기 형성이 가장 왕성하였다. 형성된 신초원기를 MS와 1/2 MS 배지에 생장조절제가 첨가되지 않은 조건에서 현탁배양시 신초 재분화율이 가장 높았다. 따라서, 이러한 액체 현탁배양 조건과 방법의 구체적인 규명은 무궁화 급속 대량 번식체계 확립을 위한 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2015

In this study, we tried to offer the possibility of White Hibiscus syriacus L. (WHS) flower extracts as a preventive and improving agent of osteoporosis that bone mass reduction is induced by an decrease of osteoblast involved in bone formation and increase of bone resorption by osteoclast activity. As a results, it was found to have antioxidant activity and contain a flavonoid contents ($47.74 mg/g) of the WHS flower. There was cytotoxicity at more than $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration of WHS flower extract of RANKL-induced osteoclast in RAW264.7. There were no significant inhibited TRAP activity in the WHS leaf and stem. However, it was confirmed that it is significantly inhibited the differentiation activity of osteoclasts in 50 and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration of cells of stability levels of only WHS flower extracts (p < 0.01). The WHS flower prominently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation activity by decreased calcitonin receptor and TRAP mRNA (p < 0.01). These results indicate that of osteoclasts differentiation activity is inhibited by protection of oxidative stress due to the antioxidant activity of the WHS flower. Therefore, suggesting the WHS flower may be a presents the possibility as a preventive and therapeutic agents for osteoporosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1200-1210
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. The effects of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract on expression of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA and production of IL-lP, IL-6, TNF-a, NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) ; serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine , behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and were investigated, respectively. The CMT and MCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA, production of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, ROS and increased the expression of IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$l mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. The CMT and MCMT hotwater extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of dementia.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.90-90
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• 2019

Hibiscus syriacus exhibited promising potential as a new source of food and colorants containing various anthocyanins. However, the function of anthocyanins from H. syriacus has not been investigated. In the current study, we evaluated whether anthocyanins from the H. syriacus varieties Pulsae and Paektanshim (PS and PTS) inhibit melanin biogenesis. B16F10 cells and zebrafish larvae were exposed to PS and PTS in the presence or absence of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH), and melanin contents accompanied by its regulating genes and proteins were analyzed. PS and PTS moderately downregulated mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro, but significantly decreased extracellular and intracellular melanin production in B16F10 cells, and inhibited ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase. PS and PTS also attenuated pigmentation in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, PS and PTS activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas PD98059, a specific ERK inhibitor, completely reversed PS- and PTS-mediated anti-melanogenic activity in B16F10 cells and zebrafish larvae, which indicates that PS- and PTS-mediated anti-melanogenic activity is due to ERK activation. Moreover, chromatography data showed that PS and PTS possessed 17 identical anthocyanins as a negative regulator of ERK. These findings suggested that anthocyanins from PS and PTS inhibited melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo by activating the ERK signaling pathway.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.91-91
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• 2019

Hibiscus syriacus L. is widely distributed throughout Eastern and Southern Asia and its root bark has been used as a traditional remedy. Recently, the extracts of H. syriacus L. exerts anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of anthocyanin-rich fraction of H. syriacus L. petals (PS) has not been studied under excessive oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the cellular protective effect of PS in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes under hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress conditions. PS at below $400{\mu}g/ml$ did not show any cell death; however, over $800{\mu}g/ml$ of PS gradually increased cell death. PS at below $400{\mu}g/ml$ significantly inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells concomitant with downregulation of Bax and upregulation of pro-PARP and p-Bcl-2. Additionally, PS remarkably reversed $H_2O_2$-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, and also significantly inhibited mitochondrial ROS production concomitant with suppression of $H_2O_2$-induced mitochondrial depolarization. $H_2O_2$-mediated ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caspase-3 activation were markedly abolished in the presence of PS. Moreover, the inhibition of HO-1 function using zinc protoporphyrin, an HO-1 inhibitor, significantly attenuated the cellular protective effects of PS against $H_2O_2$, indicating the significance of HO-1 in PS mediated cytoprotective effect, which was mediated by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Taken together, our results suggest that cytoprotective effect of PS in HaCaT keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is mediated by inhibiting cellular and mitochondrial ROS production, which is downregulated by activating Nrf2/HO-1 axis.