• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2007

황기를 이용하여 황기균사체를 접종, 배양하여 얻어진 황기균사체 추출액의 간암세포, 유방암세포, 자궁경부암세포 그리고 고형암의 증식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 3가지 암세포의 형태변화 및 증식억제에 미치는 영향은 황기균사체 추출물이 황기추출물보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 황기균사체를 간암세포에 3 mg/mL로 처리했을 때 65.23%, 유방암세포에 5 mg/mL로 처리했을 때 69.42%의 높은 암세포 증식 억제 효과가 있었다. 자궁경부암세포에서는 황기균사체를 3 mg/mL로 처리했을 때 황기를 처리했을 때보다 암세포 증식억제효과가 23.82%더 높았다. 특히 간암세포와 유방암세포에서 황기균사체 추출물을 처리하였을 때 강력한 암세포 증식억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 고형암 억제효과에서도 대조군에 비해 황기균사체 추출물이 47%의 고형암 억제효과가 있었고, 황기추출물보다 고형암 억제 효과 10% 더 높았다. 히스타민 유리 억제효과를 측정한 결과 compound 48/80 처리군에 비해 황기추출물은 7.6%, 황기균사체 추출물은 44.6%의 히스타민 분비 억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 한방기능성 소재에 균사체 배양기법의 접목으로 효능의 상승과 복합기능을 기대할 수 있겠다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.832-840
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 건조하기 어려운 원료한약재 5 품목(총 50 건)을 대상으로 벤조피렌 함량 및 물 추출물과 연조엑스 제조단계에서의 벤조피렌의 이행률을 HPLC/FLD로 측정하였다. 벤조피렌의 검량선은 3~40 ng/mL의 농도 범위에서 상관계수($R^2$)가 1.000으로서 우수한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 원료한약재의 벤조피렌 검출 범위는 불검출 ${\sim}37.54{\mu}g/kg$이고, 검출평균은 $6.73{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 그 중에서 식품의약품안전처의 고시(2009-302호) 기준인 $5{\mu}g/kg$ 이상 검출된 시료는 15건(30%)이었다. 특히 황련의 벤조피렌 함량은 $37.54{\mu}g/kg$으로서 가장 높았다. 물 추출물, 연조엑스 및 물 추출 후 찌꺼기에서 벤조피렌의 검출 범위는 각각 불검출${\sim}2.31{\mu}g/kg$, 불검출${\sim}2.28{\mu}g/kg$ 및 $2.18{\sim}21.91{\mu}g/kg$으로 분석되었다. 물 추출물(탕제)와 연조엑스의 제조에서 벤조피렌은 이행되지 않거나, 특히, 현삼에서 물 추출물과 연조엑스의 경우에 각각 최대 8.9%와 최대 9.8%의 이행률을 보였다. 따라서 원료한약재에 비해 물 추출물 및 연조엑스에서 벤조피렌 함량이 각각 90.0% 이상까지 감소하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.480-486
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 시중에 유통중인 광물성 생약에서의 중금속(Pb, Cd, As, Hg)에 대해 모니터링 하였다. Pb, Cd, As의 경우 시료 전처리는 습식분해법으로 하였으며, ICP-MS를 이용하여 검출하였고 Hg의 경우 AMA를 이용하여 모니터링 하였다. 모니터링의 결과 전체 시료(92)의 25.81%(24)가 Pb를 함유하고 있었으며 능자광(85.5 mg/kg), 부석(41.2 mg/kg), 진사(20.4 mg/kg)에서 기준치(0.5 mg/kg) 이상으로 검출되었다. Cd의 경우 전체 시료(92)의 9.68%(17)가 함유되어있었으며, 능자광(345 mg/kg), 부석(0.44 mg/kg), 진사(2.78 mg/kg)에서 기준치(0.3 mg/kg) 이상으로 검출되었고, 전체 시료(92)의 24.73%(23)가 As를 함유하고 있었으며, 능자광(5.72 mg/kg), 조산화납(22.2 mg/kg), 황화제이수은(10.0 mg/kg), 진사(12.5 mg/kg), 흑운모(14.6 mg/kg)에서 기준치(3 mg/kg)이상으로 검출되었다. Hg의 경우는 전체 시료(92)의 76.34%(78)가 함유되어 있었으며, 전체 13 종 광물 중 10종에서 기준치(0.2 mg/kg) 이상으로 검출되었다. 따라서, 국내에 유통되고 있는 광물성 생약재의 품질 평가와 안전관리를 보완하여 광물성 생약에 대한 신뢰성과 안전성을 확보할 필요성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2017

Objectives: Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin), which belongs to the Ranunculacea family, is an annual herb with many pharmacological properties. Among its many active constituents, thymoquinone (TQ) is the most abundant constituent of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seeds, and it is the constituent to which most properties of this herb are attributed. Methods: PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the therapeutic effects of N. sativa and/or TQ. In this review, we investigated the clinical uses of N. sativa and TQ in the prevention and the treatment of different diseases and morbidity conditions in humans. Results: Black seed and TQ are shown to possess multiple useful effects for the treatment of patients with several diseases, such as inflammatory and auto-immune disorders, as well as metabolic syndrome. Also, other advantages, including antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive and anti-epileptic properties, have been documented. The side effects of this herbal medicine appear not to be serious, so it can be applied in clinical trials because of its many advantages. Conclusion: Some effects of N. sativa, such as its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and bronchodilatory effects, have been sufficiently studied and are sufficiently understood to allow for the next phase of clinical trials or drug developments. However, most of its other effects and applications require further clinical and animal studies.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2010

Various extracts from 30 medicinal plants were evaluated for their antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and cytotoxicity in MDCK cell culture. The plant material (30 g) was extracted with methanol (300 mL) at room temperature for 24 h, after which the methanolic extracts were filtered, evaporated, and subsequently lyophilized. Evaluation of the potential antiviral activity was conducted by a viral replication inhibition test. Among these medicinal plants, Tussilago farfara, Brassica juncea, Prunus armeniaca, Astragalus membranaceus, Patrinia villosa, and Citrus unshiu showed marked antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1 at concentrations ranging from 0.15625 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL, 0.3125 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL, 0.625 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL, 0.625 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL, and 0.3125 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL, respectively. The extracts of Tussilago farfara showed cytotoxicity at concentrations greater than 2.5 mg/mL, whereas the other five main extracts showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 10 mg/mL. Taken together, the present results indicated that methanolic extracts of the six main plants might be useful for the treatment of influenza virus H1N1.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2017

Objectives: Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT; Huanglianjiedu-tang, Orengedoku-to), a traditional herbal formula, is used for treating inflammation, hypertension, gastritis, liver dysfunction, cerebrovascular diseases, dermatitis and dementia. The objective of this study was to assess the sub-acute toxicity of HHT in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and its effect on the activities of human microsomal cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Methods: Male and female SD rats were orally administered HHT once daily at doses of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. We analyzed mortality, clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, organ weights, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. The activities of major human CYP450s (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1) and UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4, and UGT2B7) were assessed using in vitro fluorescence- and luminescence-based enzyme assays, respectively. Results: No toxicologically significant changes related to the repeated administration of HHT were observed in both male and female SD rats. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) value was more than 2000 mg/kg/day for both sexes. HHT inhibited the activities of human microsomal CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, whereas it weakly inhibited the activities of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and UGT1A1. In addition, HHT negligibly inhibited the activities of human microsomal UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 with $IC_{50}$ values in excess of $1000{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that HHT may be safe for repeated administration up to 4 weeks. In addition, these findings provide information on the safety and effectiveness of HHT when co-administered with conventional drugs.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Objectives: To find out the effects GGTl, an antiobestic drug widely used in clinics, has on the blood-antiobestic index and the toxicity index using the data from the hGHTg obese male rats. We looked closely into both of the two indices because GGTl antiobestic effect can happen not only by pharmacological action, but also by its toxicity. Also, we verified the difference in effect between GGTl and reductil (sibutramine), which has been approved by the FDA of the United States. Methods: After performing the experiments for 8 weeks on the hGHTg obese male rats divided into three groups: the control group, the GGTl group, and the reductil (RD) group, we anesthetized the rats with Diethyl ether and took a 3ml blood sample from the heart. Then, after coagulating the blood in room temperature by using the plasma separator, we centrifuged it for 25 minutes in 3,000rpm using the high-speed refrigerated centrifuge. We kept the separated plasma in a deep freezer at $-80^{\circ}C$, and repeatedly measured the antiobestic index and the toxicity index twice using the hematology biochemistry analyzer. Also, in order to judge the indirect toxicity index, we separated liver from kidney and observed them. Results: When we looked at the results of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the antiobestic index (TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and GLU), there was no significant difference among the groups in all measuring elements. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance on the two roups (RD group and GGTl group) showed that the p-values had no significant difference under the level of significance 0.05. When we looked at the result of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the toxicity index (GOT, GPT, GGT, CREA, UA, ALB, and TP), we could see that the p-values in GPT, ALB, and TP have a significant difference among the groups. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance about the measuring elements related to the toxicity index on both groups, RD group and GGTl group, showed no significant difference in the p-values of all of the measuring elements in the two groups, RD and GGTl group. Conclusions: In conclusion, through this experiment, the safety of GGTl has been approved, and although the verification on its medical effect has not been clearly approved, when we consider the fact that it belongs to the same group as reductil, an antiobestic drug approved by the FDA of the United States, we could indirectly verify that GGTl has an antiobestic effect. We believe that when doing a sample design for a future experiment, it needs to be performed on a greater sample size based on the power analysis that needs to be performed primarily in experiments, and a more accurate verification is needed through more systematic experiment plans.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

본 연구는 황련, 금은화, 그리고 백작약 등 한약재 복합 추출물의 E. coli O157:H7에 대한 항균효과와, 한약재 복합추출물과 dioctahedral smectite의 합제의 E. coli O157:H7 감염 마우스에 대한 효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 한약재 복합추출물, CLP1000을 이용하여 E. coli O157:H7에 대한 항균효과 확인 시험을 수행한 결과, CLP1000 10%와 20%를 첨가한 배지에서 E. coli O157:H7의 성장을 각각 30%와 47%를 억제하는 효과가 관찰되었다. 또한, E. coli O157:H7을 김염시킨 마우스에 CLP1000, dioctahedral smectite (DHS), 그리고 CLP1000와 DHS 합제 (CLPS1000)를 각각 7 일 동안 경시별로 마우스 분변 중의 E. coli O157:H7 균수의 변화를 관찰한 결과, 투여 3일째에, 10% CLPS1000을 투여한 군에서 대조군과 비교하여 E. coli O157:H7의 균수가 유의성 있게 감소하였으며(p < 0.05), 투여 7일째에는 10% CLP1000 (p < 0.05)과 10% CLPS1000을 투여한 군에서 대조군과 비교하여 E. coli O157:H7의 균수가 유의성 있게 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로부터, CLPS1000을 E. coli O157:H7에 감염된 마우스에 투여할 경우 감염증상을 완화 시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2019

우리나라의 해외 곡류 수입량과 수입국가의 다변화를 고려 해 볼 때, 호밀, 밀, 귀리 등 맥류에서 주로 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있는 맥각알칼로이드의 노출가능성도 배제할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 곡류 및 곡류가공품 중 맥각알칼로이드에 대한 선제적 안전관리를 위해 호밀 및 가공품 (크래커, 맥주) 으로 부터 에르고메트린을 포함한 12종 맥각알칼로이드의 공인 시험법을 개발하고자 하였다. 아세토니트릴이 함유된 2 mM 탄산암모늄용액 추출과 Mycocep catridge를 이용한 정제 농축이 전처리 방법으로 적합함이 확인되었고, 기기분석을 통해 표준물질 첨가 검량선의 직선성이 12개 알칼로이드 모두 $R^2$ >0.99 이상이었으며, 정량한계는 $0.01{\sim}0.05{\mu}g/kg$수준이었다. 시험법 검증을 통해 대상 품목간의 차이는 있으나, 12개 맥각 알칼로이드 모두 회수율은 72~113% 수준이었으며, 반복성은 2~10% 수준으로 적합성이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the combination effects and adverse effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on the treatment of obesity. Methods : Four databases were searched, including Pubmed, National assembly library, RISS4u, and NDSL, for studies published before March 31, 2016 using the keywords 'yerba mate', 'Ilex paraguariensis', and those related to 'obesity'. Clinical trials, and both in vivo and in vitro studies were classified according to the following categories: publication year, nationality, types and composition of test compounds, combination effects, adverse effects, and safety. Results : A total of 16 articles (14 clinical trials, one in vivo, one in vitro) were included in the analysis. Combination effects were reported from six YGD (Yerba Mate, Guarana, Damiana, Zotrim), five Meltdown, one Shred-matrix, one DBX (DymaBurn Xtreme), one XSIII research study, and adverse effects were reported from two YGD (Zotrim), four Meltdown, one Shred-matrix and one MetEF research study. YGD and Shred-matrix increased satiety while YGD and MetEF had adverse gastrointestinal effects potentially due to guarana. Meltdown and Shred-matrix increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation and had the adverse effects of increased heart rate and blood pressure due to the thermogenic effect of caffeine and yohimbine. DBX increased resting energy expenditure but no difference was observed in respiratory exchange ratio. XSIII reduced body weight gain and food intake more than each of the extracts did on their own. Conclusion : Taken together, the combination effects and adverse effects differed according to the composition of test compounds and the ratio of ingredients. Multicomponent approaches should be used for treating multifactorial diseases such as obesity. As a general conclusion, there is a place for a combination of herbal components including yerba mate, based on the principle of Kun-Shin-Choa-Sa for the treatment of obesity.