• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2006

The main objective of treatment in stroke is the prevention of stroke. Therefore the purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of environment factors on a type of stroke. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Hemorrhagic stroke was more prevalent than ischemic stroke to male and person with personality of inactivity, against ischemic stroke was more prevalent than hemorrhagic stroke to female and person with personality of activity(p<0.05). 2. Hemorrhagic stroke was more prevalent than ischemic stroke to a laborer, against ischemic stroke was more prevalent than hemorrhagic stroke to an office worker (p<0.05). 3. Hemorrhagic stroke was more prevalent to person living in a house, against ischemic stroke was more prevalent to person living in a apartment. 4. The majority of the onset of stroke was occurred in the morning and winter. 5. Stroke was more prevalent to person living under much stress and do not play any sports.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2002

This study questionnaires 166 inpatients and outpatients with stroke in 8 hospitals, including Wonkwang University Gwangju Korean Hospital from July 2 to 31, 2001 in order to find out the influence of general nature, smoking, drinking, obesity, and perception of saltness of patients with stork on the outbreak of stroke and to examine important factors by dividing into hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Finally, collected data is analyzed statistically, using SPSS 7.5 statistics package. This study reaches a conclusion as follows. 1. For general nature, 86(51.8%) patients have hemorrhagic stroke and 80(48.2%), ischemic stroke in the rate of 1.59:1(male:female), suggesting that male's outbreak is more than female's. Outbreak age is ranged from 20 years to 90 years in order of 60's, 50's, and 40's. 50's-60's accounts for more than half percentage. 2. For smoking, 73(71.6%) of male patients has smoking experience and their 562% has ischemic stroke. Their cross-analysis for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke shows significant difference with $x^2=3.90$(p<0.05). 48.6% of patients with smoking experience is ranged from 1 to 10 a day in smoking quantity. 3. For drinking, 90(88.2%) of male patients has drinking experience and their 53.3% has hemorrhagicstroke. Their cross-analysis for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke shows no significant difference with x2=3.40(p<0.1). 59.3% of patients with drinking experience is classified as a overdrinking group. 4. For obesity, low weight is 8(4.8%): normal, 111(66.9%): excessive, 40(24.1%), and obesity, 7(4.2%). In patients with hemorrhagic stroke, excessive weight and obesity are somewhat high(33.7%). The cross-analysis for male's hemorrhagic and ischemic stork by dividing BMI into more and less than 25 shows no significant difference with x=3.52(p<0.1). 5. For perception of saltness, 21(12.7%) patients eat flat: 76(45.8%) normally, and 69(41.5%), saltily. Many patients with ischemic stroke are classified as a group who eat saltily. The cross-analysis for male's hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke shows signifiant difference with x2=10.99(p<0.05). As this study has small sample and selects inpatient and outpatient in certain local hospital, it is difficult to generalize. But the cross-analysis of male's hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke shows signifiant difference in smoking and perception of saltness. Drinking and obesity are more important factors in hemorrhagic stroke and smoking and perception of saltness in ischemic stroke.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2007

Objectives : To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods : A case-control study was conducted on 2,712 persons (904 cases, 904 hospital controls, and 904 community controls) participating in an Acute Brain Bleeding Analysis study from October 2002 to March 2004. Two controls for each case were matched according to age and gender. The information was obtained by trained interviewers using standardized questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between BMI and the frequency of having a hemorrhagic stroke. Results : Obese men (25.0 $\leq$ BMI < $30.0\;kg/m^2$) had an odds ratios (OR) of 1.39 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.87) a hemorrhagic stroke, compared to men with a normal BMI (18.5 to $24.9\;kg/m^2$). Conversely, women with lower BMI had a higher risk of having hemorrhagic stroke. With respect to subtypes of hemorrahagic stroke, we observed about a three-fold increase in the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the highly obese group. However, these trends were not significant in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages. Conclusions : Obesity was identified as one of the risk factors in hemorrhagic stroke, in particular ICH. Conversely, in women, a lean body weight increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Consequently, managing one's weight is essential to reduce the risks of hemorrhagic stroke.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2022

Although technological advances and clinical studies on stem cells have been increasingly reported in stroke, research targeting hemorrhagic stroke is still lacking compared to that targeting ischemic stroke. Studies on hemorrhagic stroke are also being conducted, mainly in the USA and China. However, little research has been conducted in Korea. In reality, stem cell research or treatment is unfamiliar to many domestic neurosurgeons. Nevertheless, given the increased interest in regenerative medicine and the increase of life expectancy, attention should be paid to this topic. In this paper, we summarized pre-clinical rodent studies and clinical trials using stem cells for hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, we discussed results of domestic investigations and future perspectives on stem cell research for a better understanding.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2017

We investigated the improvement of cognitive functions, activity of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (QoL) after hemorrhagic stroke and identified associated factors. For this research, twenty-five patients with a hemorrhagic stroke were enrolled. We measured cognitive function, activity of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (QoL) from 7 days to 12 months after onset of stroke. Then we analyzed the correlation between cognitive function and other risk factors. According to results, cognitive functions improved during 12 months with statistically significant differences. Other functions were similar to cognitive functions. Improvement of cognitive functions were correlated with age, the type of hemorrhagic stroke and Glasgow coma scale at 7 days after stroke. Overall, cognitive function in patients with hemorrhagic stroke recovered from acute to 12 months after onset of stroke. And, improvement of cognitive function at this phase were associated with age, the type of hemorrhagic stroke and GCS score at 7 days. These results would provide us an information to plan cognitive rehabilitation in patients with hemorrhagic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

Background and Purpose: Stroke in young adults is relatively uncommon. Only 3.7-14.4% of all strokes occur in patients aged 15-45 years. Stroke in young adults has more various and diverse possible causes than stroke in the elderly. We studied to gain further insight into both pathogenic and etiologic determinants in young adults with stroke. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 230 young patients aged 15-45 years who were admitted to the 2nd internal medicine department of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center with a diagnosis of stroke between May 1995 and May 1999. We analysed clinical features and diagnostic tests, such as brain imaging, cerebral angiography, echocardiography, 24 hours holter monitoring and other laboratory tests. Results : 1. Of 230 young patients with stroke aged 15-45 years(176 males(76.5%) and 54 females(23.5%)), 140 patients(60.9%) showed ischemic stroke and 90 patients(39.1 %) showed hemorragic stroke. 2. The most prevalent age group was from 40 to 45 years with 142 patients(61.7%) 3. The most frequent site of 140 ischemic stroke was MCA territory in 93 cases(66.4%) and Multiple, VA territory, PCA territory, ACA territory in order of frequency. 4. The most frequent site of 90 hemorrhagic stroke was basal galglia hemorrhage 57 cases(63.3%) and subcortical 13 cases(14.5%), pons, thalmus, subarachnoid, cerebellum in order of frequency. 5. The causes of hemorrhagic stroke were hypertension 49 cases(54.5%), arteriovenous malformation 7 cases(7.8%), ruptured aneurysm 4 cases(4.5%), angioma 3 cases(3.3%). 6. The risk factors of ischemic stroke were smoking, alcohol drinking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, heart disease, history of CVA, diabetes mellitus, in order of frequency. 7. The comparison of risk factors between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: hypertension was prevalent in hemorrhagic stroke, heart disease and history of CVA were prevalent in ischemic stroke. Conclusions: From the above results, we found that stroke in young adults had various possible causes. Young adults with stroke deserve an extensive but tailored evaluation which include angiography and echocardiography for diagnosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.872-885
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• 2007

Objective : Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in Korea. This study was done to evaluate the association of complete blood count (CBC) with the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. Methods : In 217-case patients with ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke and 146 healthy control subjects without stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or ischemic heart disease and 160 controls without ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke, we tested and compared white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct) and platelet. These data were statically analyzed by general linear models and binary logistic regression analysis to get each adjusted odds ratio. Results :The level of WBC was significantly higher in all cases. The level of RBC, Hct and Hgb was significantly lower in patients of ischemic stroke. The level of platelet was significantly higher in patients of ischemic stroke. Conclusion : These results suggest high WBC may be a risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke and low RBC, low Hct, low Hgb and high platelet may be risk factors of ischemic stroke in Koreans.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2022

Purposes: This study purposed to evaluate the effect of a value incentive program(VIP) on the in-hospital mortality of acute stroke. Methodology: Study period was from January 2010 to December 2018. This study included 63 hospitals for acute hemorrhagic stroke that the mortality rate per month was more than one during study period. Independent variables were time variables and hospital characteristics such as hospital type, district and bed number. Interrupted time series analysis was applied to analyze the data. Findings: In case of general hospitals, the in-hospital mortality rate per month for acute hemorrhagic stroke tends to be increased by 0.03% in overall study periods but decreased by 0.32% after the implementation of the policy. On the other hand, tertiary hospital changes are not statistically meaningful. Conclusion: This study provides evidences how the VIP was effective in improving quality of acute hemorrhagic stroke care. General hospitals showed higher policy effect compare to that of tertiary hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to identify the significant acute physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Methods: The subjects were 108 hemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to Neurological Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. Results: The significant physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery were quite different upon admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores: respiratory rate, hematocrit, serum pH, osmolality, and $PaCO_2$ were the predictors in the subjects with a high Glasgow Coma Scale scores while blood pressure, $PaO_2$, respiratory rate, and hematocrit in the subjects with a low Glasgow coma scale scores. Conclusion: The physiological derangements induced by acute stroke are undoubtedly influence clinical outcome. More study is required to determine their diverse impacts on clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2008

Objective : Rapid increase in aged population and westernization of lifestyle have modified epidemiological status of stroke. The purpose of this study is to analyze changing trends of stroke epidemiology in South Korea. Methods : We reviewed retrospectively medical records of 1,124 cases diagnosed as stroke among 54,534 patients who visited the Emergency Medical Center at our hospital from January 1994 to December 1996 (Group A). Also, we evaluated 1,705 cases diagnosed as stroke among 55,381 patients who visited to the same hospital from January 2003 to December 2005 (Group B). The variable features of stroke, such as age, sex, seasonal variation and distribution of stroke subtypes were studied by comparing group A with B. Results : In group A, hemorrhagic stroke (67.9%) was more prevalent than ischemic stroke (32.1%). However, group B showed that the ratio of hemorrhagic stroke (40.3%) to ischemic stroke (59.6%) has been reversed. The highest incidence of stroke was noted in their sixties and seventies of age in group B, which was older than that of group A. In group A, male ischemic stroke (IS) patients outnumbered female patients (1.26:1). Moreover, this gender disproportion became higher in group B (1.53:1). In group A, the number of male intracerebral hermorrhage (ICH) patients were similar to that of female patients (0.97:1). However, male ICH patients outnumbered female patients in group B (1.23:1). As for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), female patients outnumbered male patients more than two-fold in both groups. Both groups showed that the occurrence of ischemic stroke was highest in summer, but that of hemorrhagic stroke was the highest in winter. Conclusion : This study showed the changing trends of stroke in its distribution of subtypes. Multicenter prospective study using stroke registry would be required for the determination of national epidemiologic trends.