• Title/Summary/Keyword: Height of the table

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Integral Bridge System with Geosynthetic-Reinforced Backfill

  • Tatsuoka, Fumio
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2007.09a
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    • pp.39-52
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    • 2007
  • A new type bridge combining an integral bridge and a pair of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) retaining walls having full-height rigid (FHR) facings, called the GRS integral bridge, is proposed. The geosynthetic reinforcement layers are connected to the FHR facings (i.e., RC parapets) that are integrated with a girder without using any girder-support. GRS integral bridges are basically much more cost-effective in construction and long-term maintenance while having a much higher seismic stability than conventional-type bridges having a girder via movable and fixed supports on a pair of cantilever abutments. GRS integral bridges are better than bridges using GRS retaining walls as abutments and also than conventional integral bridges with unreinforced backfill. To validate the above, a series of static cyclic lateral loading tests of the facing and a series of shaking table tests were performed on smallscaled models of different bridge types.

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Development of 3D Burr Measurement Technique using Conoscopic Holography (Conoscopic Holography를 이용한 3D Burr 측정기술 개발)

  • 박상욱;고성림
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2004
  • For the burrs formed in machining are irregular and very sharp in shape, it is usually very difficult to measure burr accurately. It was proved that micro burr geometry can be measured imprecision by the Conoprobe sensor using conoscopic holography method. We developed 3D burr measurement system using this sensor. The system is composed of Conoprobe sensor, XY table, controller and 3D measurement program. Some measurements using the developed system are conducted for the burrs formed in micro drilling and piercing. Specific software fur burr measurement includes several function, calculation of burr volume, average burr height. Burs formed on a curved surface were compensated and measured successfully using the basic surface compensation function.

A Survey on Nutritional Contents of Lunchbox of Elementary School Student in Sokcho City (속초시 국민학교 어린이들의 도시락에 의한 영양섭취실태 조사)

  • 이정실
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 1991
  • To investigate the nutritional contents of lunchbox of students of elementary school located in Sokcho city Kangwon province, the survey was conducted from April 23 to April 26, 1991. Main dishes and side dishes in lunchbox were weighed and nutrients were analyzed from food composition table. Total daily energy and nutrients intake were reach to RDA's, except for intake of calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin Be and vitamin C. Children's height was positively correlated with energy and protein Intake. Fat intake was positively correlated with monthly income and intake of vitamin A was positively correlated, with number of family, This survey suggests that it need nutritional education program and school feeding to improvement of nutritional status for children.

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Development of Effective Measurement Method for Burr Geometry (효율적인 버 형상 측정방법 개발)

  • 고성림;김원섭
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2003
  • Triangulation method, conoscopic holography method and interferometry method are analyzed for effective measurement of micro burr geometry, which is formed in micro drilling. To select proper sensor, the cross section of a cylinder with 0.5mm diameter is measured and the result shows that conoscopic holography method is effective for measuring highly inclined surface in cylinder. Burrs with 1.0mm and 30${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ height are measured by three suggested methods. As a result, the conoscopic holography method is proved to be most proper in measuring burr geometry. Burr measurement system is developed, which consists of conoscopic laser sensor, X-Y table, controller and burr measurement program. Burrs can be measured automatically and the result is displayed in 3D shape

A Study on the Stand Volume Estimation by Strand Method (Strand법(法)에 의한 임분재적추정(林分材積推定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Heung Kyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.80 no.2
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 1991
  • This study was carried out to estimate the stand volume for Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis) by Strand sampling method. The data collected for this study were based on the 380 sample plots from the field survey, which were distributed in the major part of Korea(Kyeongi, Kangweon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chunbuk and Kyeongbuki), and the plotless sampling instrument such as dendrometer, spiegel relascope and tele-relascope were used. The procedure for this study is summarized briefly as follows : 1. There were not only significant differences between volume estimation by Strand sampling method and that by plot survey method, and the relationship was y=bx, where b approached nearly 1. Therefore, the stand volume of Japanese larch could by estimated by Strand sampling method. 2. The value measured by three different plotless sampling instruments did not showed any significant differences between instruments and observers, density and instruments, and ground slope and instruments. 3. With the stand volume, basal area height showed the highest correlation and stand form height, average height, basal area per ha correlated with the volume in thier orders. 4. The best fitted equation of stand volume estimation with basal area height by relascope was as follow. log V=-0.0375+0.8910 log GH-1.5946 1/GH Stand volume table also was obtained using the above estimeated equation. 5. The relationship between estimated value and actual value was Y=bx, where b was nearly 1. The correlation coefficient was very high and the percentage of estimated error was 4.5%.

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A Study on Growth Acceleration in Korean as Indirected by the Maximum Growth Age in Body Height (한국인(韓國人) 신장(身長)의 최대발육연령(最大發育年齡)으로 본 발육촉진현상(發育促進現象)의 추이(推移)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Hyung-Gyun;Park, Soon-Young;Park, Yang-Won
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.173-192
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    • 1984
  • On the basis of the study intended to research by crosssectional study keeps pace with semilongitudinal study the growthaccelerating phenomena that Maximum Growth age in teenager's body-height. By the random sampling method, the subject of study are 12659 persons(male; 6355, female; 6304) that they are from 7 ages to 17 ages in the whole country including the rural community. The measurement period passed three month days, the statistical data became electronic data processing system with computer. The other side, body-height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1925 to 1966 proved transition of the growth-accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1983. The results are as follows; 1. The Growth and Development-Value of Body-height An age bracket the growth and development-value of body-height were, respectively, male is $123.88{\pm}5.05cm$ and female is $123.29{\pm}5.54cm$ for 7 ages group. these indices increased with age. the top-value reach, respectively. $169.08{\pm}5.62cm$ and $157.57{\pm}6.13cm$. The intersecting ages of male and female were the age $8.5{\sim}12.5$, during these periods, female excelled male but after these periods, male excelled female again. In case of body-height, MGA's are 7.0cm for male between 12 and 13 ages, and 7.01cm for female between 8 and 9 ages. As a rule, body-height of male excelled female but intersection phenomena of male and female appeared between 8.5 and 12.5 ages. By reginal groups, it is most prevailing is Seoul, and medium size cities and rural community rome in order. By regional groups, intersection phenomena of male and female are. a region of Seoul; $$8.5{\sim}11.5$$ ages a region of Daejeon; $$7.5{\sim}9.5$$ ages rural community; $$11.5{\sim}14.5$$ ages the whole country's average; $$8.5{\sim}12.5$$ ages By regional groups, the rate of maximum increase in a year are a region of Seoul; male is 7.23cm as 13 ages female is 7.65cm as 9 ages. a region of Daejeon; male is 7.85cm as 11 ages. female is 8.39cm as 9 ages. rural community; male is 7.65cm as 14 ages. female is 6.25cm as 12 ages. the whole country's average; male is 7.0cm as 13 ages. female is 7.01 as 9 ages. 2. Maximum Growth Age (M.G.A.) By reginal groups, maximum Growth Age's are as below in a region of Seoul, MGA's are 12.63 for male and 9.01 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 3.5 years earlier than that for male. In a region of Daejeon, MGA's are 9.20 for male and 8.93 for female, which. show that they are all much the same in M.G.A. In rural community, MGA's are 14.00 for male and 11.89 for female, which shows that MGA for female apperars about 2 years earlier than that for male. In the whole average, MGA's are 13.01 for male and 8.97 for femal, which shows that for female appears about 4 years earlier than that for male. For boy, M.G.A. shows fastest-growing in Daejeon, and Seoul and rural commonly come in order. For girl, It shows equal growth in Seoul and Daejeon, rural community comes later. 3. The M.G.A's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.02 in 1913, 14.23 in 1956, 13.86 in 1967, 13.62 in 1975, and 12.82 in 1981, while those of female are the age 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 9.53 in 1975, and 11.16 in 1980; these data show that the MGA of the Koreans has been getting younger. 4. The equation of linear regression of all the MGA's in body height are as follow; Male: Y(M.G.A)=$-0.020{\times}$ (the year)+15.19: female:Y(MGA)=$-0.028{\times}$(the year)+13.2549. 5. The corelation of all the MGA's in body height are as below; male; r=-0.329 female;r=-0.252 6. From the transition of the growth-accelating phenomena in 1980 we can capture the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.2 year per 10 years. 7. The MGA's in bodyheight are shown in table 4... 8. The future growth-accelating phenomena in body height are expected to show the similar tendency like that of the past, in 1910's but it should by more precisely reviewed after investigating the phenomena of the years directly ahead.

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The Development and Application of Standard Diagnostic Table for Mountain Ginseng Management (산양삼 경영 표준진단표의 개발 및 현지 적용)

  • Jeon, Jun-Heon;Lee, Seong-Youn;Lee, Jung-Min;Ji, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Yeon-Tae;Kang, Kil-Nam
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.103 no.4
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    • pp.622-629
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    • 2014
  • This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic table for mountain ginseng so that the cultivators not only can check their current level of management with the table, but also can understand and address operational challenges better by themselves utilizing the table. The standard diagnostic table consists of 3 categories and 18 subcategories to diagnose the general status of forestry households, the indicators of management performance and the level of management. To develop the table, the study conducted a survey on the actual condition of management, targeting 81 forestry households throughout 15 municipalities including Mu-ju, Jeollabukdo, and Ham-yang, Gyeongsangnamdo, all of which are the chief producing districts of mountain ginseng. Then, the study calculated total scores by regions by aggregating the scores of 18 subcategories, in order to evaluate and compare the management level among regions based on the scores. According to the result, the average score of 81 forestry households was 57.2 point-58% of which surveyed belonged to the range of 40-60 point. Compared by regions, the average score of Jeollabukdo regions was 52.9 point, the lowest, and that of Gyeongsangnamdo regions was 61.4 point, the highest. It is remarkable that among the indicators of management base, the average score of 'mounding (the height of mound)' item was recorded rather low with 1.59 point, reflecting the fact that the cultivators tend to raise mountain ginseng with no additional mounds. As for the indicators of production skills, the average score of the pest control item was remarkably low with 1.28 point. Over 90% of cultivators answered that they do not usually forecast or survey the pest disease in advance. Meanwhile, it is also noticeable that the item of sowing and planting methods, and the item of seed were both rather high, recording 4.00 and 4.47 point respectively. As for the item of management and sales skill, however, the score was rather low with 2.20 point, meaning that the forestry households still have a low interest in the business management.

Derivation of Stem Taper Equations and a Stem Volume Table for Quercus acuta in a Warm Temperate Region (난대지역 붉가시나무의 수간곡선식 도출 및 수간재적표 작성)

  • Suyoung Jung;Kwangsoo Lee;Hyunsoo Kim; Joonhyung Park;Jaeyeop Kim;Chunhee Park;Yeongmo Son
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.112 no.4
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    • pp.417-425
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    • 2023
  • The aim of this study was to derive stem taper equations for Quercus acuta, one of main evergreen broad-leaved tree species found in warm temperate regions, and to prepare a stem volume table using those stem taper equations. A total of 688 individual trees were used in the analysis, which were collected from Jeonnam-do, Gyeongnam-do, and Jeju-do. The stem taper models applied to derive the stem curve pattern were the Max and Burkhart, Kozak, and Lee models. Among the three stem taper models, the best explanation of the stem curve shape of Q. acuta was found to be given by the Kozak model, which showed a fitness index of 0.9583, bias of 0.0352, percentage of estimated standard error of 1.1439, and mean absolute deviation of 0.6751. Thus, the stem taper of Q. acuta was estimated using the Kozak model. Moreover,thestemvolumecalculationwasperforme d by applying the Smalian formula to the diameter and height of each stem interval. In addition, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the two existing Q. acuta stem volume tables (2007 and 2010) and the newly created stem volume table (2023). This analysis revealed that the stem volume table constructed in the Wando region in 2007 included about twice as much as the stem volume tables constructed in 2010 and 2023. The stem volume table (2023) developed in this study is not only based on the regional collection range and number of utilized trees but also on a sound scientific basis. Therefore, it can be used at the national level as an official stem volume table for Q. acuta.

A Study on the Ratio of Weight-far-Height in Insurance Medicine (비체중(比體重)의 보험의학적고찰(保險醫學的考察))

  • Im, Young-Hoon
    • The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.195-217
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    • 1985
  • A statistical analysis on the ratio of weight-for-height in insurance medicine was carried out in a total of 12,690 insured persons who were medically examined at the Honam medical department, Dong Bang life insurance company, ltd. from June, 1979 to February, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of the ratio of weight-for-height(W/H ratio) was $102.3{\pm}11.3%$ in all males, and $105.2{\pm}103.6%$ in all females. The difference of the values between males and females showed statistical significance(P<0.001). The mean value of W/H ratio in all the insureds was $103.8{\pm}12.9%$. In each age group, the mean value of female was higher than that of male without exception(P<0.001). The mean value of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age except for the age group over 50(P<0.001). 2. The incidences of the average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives were respectively 91.6% in all males, 84.2% in all females(P<0.001); 7.9% in all males, 15.4% in all females(P<0.001); 0.5% in all males, 0.4% in all females(P>0.05). The incidences of average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives in all the insureds were respectively 87.6%, 12.0% and 0.5%. The incidence of the average weighted lives in male in each age group was always higher than that in female with the exception of the age group below 19(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives in male in each age group was always lower than that in female(P<0.05 in the age group below 19, P<0.001 in the other age groups). The incidence of average weighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual decrease with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001). 3. The relative frequency distribution polygons of W/H ratio of both sexes drawn in a pair on one coordinate plane revealed lying in juxtaposition each other horizontally and showed the shifting of female's polygon to male's one toward the direction of greater value of W/H ratio at a short distance which increased gradually with age. 4. Correlations between both sexes and among age groups relating to W/H ratios of the insureds seem to be a physiological phenomenon of body build and should be considered on the rating of the build. Author prepared a rating table of build based on the correlations above menthioned. Some gradients by sex and age in the rating table of build are organized; in female group, the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of 80-125%, $126{\sim}145%,\;146{\sim}165%$ and over 166% respectively in the age group of 29 or under, by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}130%,\;131{\sim}150%,\;151{\sim}170%$ and over 171% respectively in the age group of $30{\sim}59$, and by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}135%,\;136{\sim}155%,\;156{\sim}175%$ and over 176% respectively in the age group of 60 or over. In male group, the ratings of 0, $30{\sim}50$, 50-100, and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}120%,\;121{\sim}140%,\;141{\sim}160%$ and over 161% respectively in all ages. Of under weighted lives, in both sexes, the ratings of 30-50 and 50-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $76{\sim}79%$ and under 75% respectively. The results of the ratings according to a rating table by author were as follows: The incidence of the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D showed no difference between male and female. The incidence of the ratings of 0(indicating the average weighted lives) showed gradual decrease with age and the incidence of the ratings of 30-50 and 50-100(indicating the overweighted lives) showed gradual increase with age. These results are thought to be considerably reasonable because the incidence of the builds in each age group is supposed to have no difference by sex and the incidence of the overweighted lives would increase with age.

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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT OF TUNNELLING IN SEVERE GROUNDWATER CONDITION

  • Young Nam Lee;Dae Young Kim
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.655-661
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    • 2005
  • For a hydro power plant project, the headrace tunnel having a finished diameter of 3.3m was constructed in volcanic rocks with well-developed vertical joint and high groundwater table. The intake facility was located 20.3 km upstream of the powerhouse and headrace tunnel of 20 km in length and penstock of 440 m in height connected the intake and the powerhouse. The typical caldera lake, Lake Toba set the geology at the site; the caving of the ground caused tension cracks in the vertical direction to be developed and initial stresses at the ground to be released. High groundwater table(the maximum head of 20 bar) in the area of well-connected vertical joints delayed the progress of tunnel excavation severely due to the excessive inflow of groundwater. The excavation of tunnel was made using open-shield type TBM and mucking cars on the rail. High volume of water inflow raised the water level inside tunnel to 70 cm, 17% of tunnel diameter (3.9 m) and hindered the mucking of spoil under water. To improve the productivity, several adjustments such as modification of TBM and mucking cars and increase in the number of submersible pumps were made for the excavation of severe water inflow zone. Since the ground condition encountered during excavation turned out to be much worse, it was decided to adopt PC segment lining instead of RC lining. Besides, depending on the conditions of the water inflow, rock mass condition and internal water pressure, one of the invert PC segment lining with in-situ RC lining, RC lining and steel lining was applied to meet the site specific condition. With the adoption of PC segment lining, modification of TBM and other improvement, the excavation of the tunnel under severe groundwater condition was successfully completed.

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