• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1025-1031
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• 2011

자발화 특성은 디젤 및 PCCI 엔진의 설계에서 중요한 인자이다. 특히, 디젤분무화염은 자발화현상에 의해서 형성되어 노즐에서 부상된다. 노즐과 부상화염 사이의 영역에서 분무된 디젤의 중앙으로 주위 공기의 유입이 발생하기 때문에, 그 부상된 화염은 매연 생성에 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서 간단한 모델로써 동축류 제트를 적용하였고, 점화지연시간에 대한 자발화 과정에서 발생하는 열손실의 영향을 확인하였다. 메탄($CH_4$), 에틸렌($C_2H_4$), 에탄($C_2H_6$), 프로핀($C_3H_6$), 프로판($C_3H_8$), 및 노말 부탄(n-$C_4H_{10}$)의 연료들을 고온의 공기로 분사하였으며 자발화된 부상화염의 높이를 측정하였다. 그 결과로 자발화된 부상화염의 높이와 열손실을 고려한 점화지연시간과의 상관관계를 결정하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

This paper presents the characteristics of lifted height and flame length from non-premixed jet flames in highly preheated air to investigate the detail combustion mechanism in the gas turbine or HCCI engine, etc. Special attention was paid to the effect of preheated air temperature, oxygen concentration and fuel injection flow rate on flame length and lifted hight. By using highly preheated air, stable flames were formed even in low oxygen concentration condition. The lifted height increased with decreasing preheated air temperature, where the flame length showed opposed phenomena. The flamelet model, which is thought to have very thin flamelet, is difficult to applicable to the present flame conditions which is formed In low oxygen concentration in highly preheated air.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2019

This study investigates how rivet head height affects the corrosion performance of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) to aluminum alloy self-piercing riveted joints. Specimens with two different head heights were prepared. A rivet head protruding out of the top CFRP laminate forms the proud head height while a rivet head penetrating into the top CFRP generates the flush head height. The salt spray test evaluated corrosion performance. The flush head joints suffered from severe corrosion on the rivet head. Thus, the tensile shear load of flush head joints was substantially reduced. Electrochemical corrosion tests investigated the corrosion mechanisms. The deeper indentation of the flush head height damaged the CFRP around the rivet head. The exposure of damaged fibers from the matrix increased the cathodic potential of local CFRP. The increased potential of damaged CFRP accelerated the galvanic corrosion of the rivet head. After the rivet head coating material corroded, a strong galvanic couple was formed between the rivet head base metal (boron steel) and the damaged CFRP, further accelerating the flush rivet head corrosion. The results of this study suggest that rivet head flushness should be avoided to enhance the corrosion performance of CFRP to aluminum alloy self-piercing riveted joints.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

주류공기에 수직으로 분사되는 JICF 분사시스템은 연소실내에서 주류공기의 영향을 최소화하면서 미립화 및 연소성능을 향상시키기 위한 추진시스템의 연료분사 방식으로 넓은 적용범위를 가지고 있다. 하지만 JICF 분사시스템에서 산화제인 공기와 연료의 불충분한 혼합성능은 연소실 내에서의 불균일한 화염구조를 형성한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 JICF 분사시스템의 램제트 연소기에서 연료와 공기의 부족한 혼합성능에 기인한 연소의 불균일한 화염구조를 실험적으로 확인하고, 연료 제트의 침투깊이, 분열점 등을 예측하기 위한 상관관계식을 유도함으로서 JICF 분사시스템에서 연소성능에 영향을 미치는 액체제트와 주류공기와의 분무 및 혼합특성을 파악하였다. 특히, 액체 제트의 침투깊이를 주류공기의 유동방향의 상류와 하류로 나누어 상관관계식을 유도하여 좀더 정확한 침투깊이의 예측이 가능하도록 하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1996

본 연구는 서광 토마토(Lycopersicon esculentum MILL. cv. Seokwang)의 분무경재배시 신소재인 바이오세라믹 분말을 엽면살포(0.2%)와 배양액내에 처리(0.02%)하여 토마토의 생장 및 과실품질 특성을 비교하고자 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부와 지하부의 바이오세라믹 처리시 대조구에 비해 초장은 감소하였으나 뿌리의 생장은 증가하였다. 2. 바이오세라믹 분말의 엽면살포시 과방의 생장이 대조구에 비해서 약 14% 정도 증가하였다. 바이오세라믹 분말의 지상부와 지하부 처리시 총건물중이 증가하였다. 3. 바이오세라믹 처리시에 T/R율은 대조구에 비해 낮았으며, 순동화율(NAR)과 상대생장율(RGR)은 바이오세라믹을 엽면살포했을 경우에 12.13g/d$m^2$/day와 0.05g/g/day로 가장 높았다. 4. 대조구에 비해 바이오세라믹 분말의 근권처리시에는 총누적생과중 및 건과중이 감소하였으나, 엽면살포시에는 증가하였다. 바이오세라믹 파우더의 근권 및 엽면살포시 대조구에 비해 과실의 수량이 감소하지 않고 당도가 높아졌다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.870-878
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• 2003

The scale is removed from the strip by high pressure hydraulic descaling at the FSB (Finishing Scale Breaker). Recently, the spray height of nozzle has a trend to be shorter for the purpose of increasing the impact pressure by the high pressure water jet. Here, the nozzle intervals should be decided after considering the impact pressure and the temperature distribution on the strip. In other words, the minimum of impact pressure at the overlap of spray influences the surface grade of the strip due to scale and the overlap distance of the spray affects the temperature variation in the direction of the width of strip. In the present study, the impact pressure of the high pressure water jet is measured by the hydraulic descaling system and calculated with regard to the lead angle of 15$^{\circ}$ and the offset angle of 15$^{\circ}$, and then the temperature distribution and the temperature variation are calculated at the overlap distances of 0 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, respectively. The method of setting nozzle intervals is shown by utilizing these results.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.32-41
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• 1999

In this research, internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer using sonic energy is designed and manufactured. We are trying to intimate high efficiency twin-fluid atomizer to obtain good liquid atomization in the low pressure region. Define of geometric form of atomizer, characteristics of spray is influenced by position, depth and height variation of cavity resonator, variation of sound intensity and resonant sound frequency with liquid flow rate. The liquid atomization is promoted by multi-stage disintegration of mixing flow of gas with liquid and the optimum condition of position and depth of cavity resonator according to sonic energy is obtained from the condition at a=2.5mm and L=2mm. The velocity distribution of droplets shows negative value due to recirculation region at the center of axial, and as the radial direction distance is far, the velocity distribution of droplets decrease slowly after having a maximum value. However velocity and SMD show nearly uniform distribution at the down stream and as result compared to Nukiyama and Tanasawa's equation. atomization of mixing flow with air and liquid dispersing from the outlet of the nozzle is promoted by the effect of collision at the cavity resonator.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.793-796
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• 2004

Process Parameters were studied in synthesis of LiCoO$_2$ Powder by ultrasonic spray Pyrolysis. Concentration of the mixed solution influenced the size, shape, and yield of the synthesized powder. The yield was affected primarily by the height of the solution, and then by the flow rate of a carrier gas. The temperature of the reactor governed the crystallinity and morphology of the powder. LiCoO$_2$ powders were synthesized as a layered high temperature phase above 800$^{\circ}C$. The synthesized powders were sphere and secondary Particles consisted of primary particles of 55-70 nm. The secondary Particles became bigger from 0.28 to 1.43 $\mu\textrm{m}$ as the concentration of the solution was increased from 0.05 to 2.0 M. The 2.0 M solution provided the highest production rate.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2008

Nano-sized dots have been formed on the buffered metal substrates using the novel approach of the electro-spray deposition, to modulate the substrate surface and induce the columnar defects in REBCO films grown on it. The $BaZrO_3$ precursor solution was synthesized and electro-sprayed out onto the negatively charged substrate surface. Using the electrostatic force, nano-sized dots can be grown and uniformly distributed on the buffered metal substrate. The height of BZO nanodots was observed above the 200nm, which are beneficial to induce the columnar defects onto the BZO as a seed. The density of BZO nanodots was also investigated and ${\sim}7.8/{\mu}m^2$ was obtained. As the deposition distance of electro-spray was shortened there was ${\sim}8times$ increase of density of nanodots. The optimization of process variables in electro-spray deposition are discussed in respect to the superconducting REBCO films processed by the Metal-Organic Deposition with the effective flux pinning properties.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2010

Aerial application using an unmanned agricultural helicopter would allow precise and timely spraying. The attitude of a helicopter depends on a number of dynamic variables for roll-balanced flight. Laterally tilting behavior of a helicopter is a physically intrinsic phenomenon while hovering and forwarding. In order to balance the fuselage, the rotor should be counter-tilted, resulting in the biased down-wash. The biased spraying toward right side causes uneven spray pattern. In this study, a raised tail rotor system for the roll-balanced helicopter was studied. Thrust of the tail rotor system was measured and theoretically estimated for the fundamental database of the roll-balanced helicopter design. The estimated tail thrust and roll-moment would be used to design the raising height of tail rotor and roll balancing dynamics. The unmanned agricultural helicopter required the tail rotor thrust of about 39.2 N (4.0 kgf) during hovering with a payload of 235.4 N (24 kgf). A raised tail rotor system would compensate for the physical tilt phenomena. A further attitude control system of helicopter would assist roll-balanced aerial spray application.