• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1014-1023
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the human height by using downward depth images. We detect a point with the lowest depth value in an object as top of the head and estimate the height by calculating the depth difference with the floor. Since the depth of the floor varies depending on the angle of the camera, the correction formula is applied. In addition, the binarization threshold is variably applied so that height can be estimated even when several people are adjacent. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the conventional methods. The proposed method is expected to be widely used in body measurement, intelligent surveillance, and marketing.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

In processing space geodetic data, mapping functions are used to convert the tropospheric signal delay along the zenith direction to the line of sight direction. In this study, we compared three mapping functions by evaluating their effects on the tropospheric signal delay and position estimates in GPS data processing. The three mapping functions tested are Niell Mapping Function (NMF), Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1), and Global Mapping Function (GMF). The tropospheric delay and height estimates from VMF1 and GMF are compared with the ones obtained with NMF. The differences among mapping functions show annual signals with the maximum occurring in February or August. To quantitatively estimate the discrepancies among mapping functions, we calculated the maximum difference and the amplitude using a curve fitting technique. Both the maximum difference and amplitude have high correlations with the latitude of the site. Also, the smallest difference was found around $30^{\circ}N$ and the amplitudes increase toward higher latitudes. In the height estimates, the choice of mapping function did not significantly affect the vertical velocity estimate, and the precision of height estimates was improved at most of the sites when VMF1 or GMF was used instead of NMF.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find associations of obesity, exercise pattern and nutrient intakes in Korean American immigrants residing in North Western parts of USA. The structured survey forms and food frequency questionnaire that covered 67 food items were used. There was a significant difference in height for subjects by gender and age. However, the weight of females became heavier with increasing age in contrast to males. There was a great difference in BMI between the male and female group in the youngest adult group compared to the aging adults. Significant age difference in exercise pattern was shown. Dietary fiber and sodium intakes were higher in the elderly than young ones in female group. In the same young adult group Zn intakes was the highest in the male group and the lowest in the female group. Folate intakes were higher in females than in males. Strong positive correlations among height, weight and BMI were shown. Zn intake was significantly correlated with weight, height, and exercise pattern in the study. Furthermore, Zn was correlated with sodium, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin E and cholesterol.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to examine the visual evaluation structure about the formal changes of streetscape by the different moving speed in two alternative control plans for the building height and the setback regulation. The virtual reality system is applied to the experimental tool. Eighty-two experimental models are made in consideration of the height and the setback of the building regulation cased by Midou-suji street in Osaka City, Japan. and ten typical models are selected by pre-experiment. Since the changes of the landscape structure consists of the height and the setback of the building, four the evaluation items are set: grade of continuity, order, openness, preference. As there are eighty-two landscape models which are too many to be applied in this experiment, ten role models are drawn out and used in this experiment. The mean difference test, discriminant analysis, and multiple linear regression methods had been used for the statistical analysis methods. The results of this study are as follows; 1) It is found out the fact of the difference evaluation structure amount experiments models. 2) From the sketch analysis and interview, it is found out difference cognition structure by the moving speed and alternatives. 3) From the discriminant and regression analysis, it is found out that the evaluation value about continuity becomes low by the moving speed change from walking speed to driving speed. We suggest that continuous experiment should be made with a variety of groups and models, and general and universal results should also be come out of the experiments above.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2007

The type of pedestrian accident can be characterized by vehicular frontal shape and the height of pedestrian. The trajectory of pedestrian after collision by passenger car is different from that by bus due to vehicular frontal shape. The frontal shape of SUV vehicles is dissimilar to passenger car and bus. So, the trajectory and throw distance of pedestrian by SUV vehicles is not the same of passenger car and bus. In this paper, a series of pedestrian kinetic simulation were conducted to inspect the difference in throw distance between SUV vehicle and passenger car and bus by PC-CRASH that is the program for kinetic analysis of articulated body. From the results, if the height of pedestrian is taller than 1.70m, there is no difference in throw distance between SUV vehicle and passenger car, but if the height of pedestrian is about 1.55m throw distance of SUV vehicle is about 4m longer than that of passenger car at each impact speed. The throw distance of pedestrian by Bus is shorter than that of passenger car and SUV at each impact speed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects and characteristics of the height of the treatment table on the force and time of ground reaction (GR) and contact hand (CH) generated from the therapist's feet to generate thrust during spinal manipulation (SM). Design: A cross-sectional survey study Methods: Thirty-six healthy subjects were recruited. SM was performed on the ilium using a knee-high table, where the therapist felt it was easy to control the subject's posture and body shape and comfortable to generate force, as well as a relatively high thigh-high table. The force and time generated by the therapist's GR and CH were simultaneously measured through a force plate. Results: As a result, there was a significant difference in peak force and rundown force at the therapist's GR according to the table height (p < 0.05). In the therapist's CH, there was a significant difference between PreMin (preload minimum) force and peak force (p < 0.05), and there was a significant difference between the time from PreMin to peak and the time of the entire section (p < 0.05). Conclusions: As a result, the generation of increased CH force and faster thrust duration were confirmed by mobilizing the reduced GR force of the therapist to generate thrust than the relatively high table on the knee-high table.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to compare the usability of the adaptive touch design method with that of the height adjustable design method that are applied to the Korean QWERTY keyboard and Naratgul keyboard on smartphones, examine the results, and present practical implications. Background: Smartphone manufacturers have failed to satisfy every user with their uniform touch keyboard designs that do not consider the high use rates of keypad use. In reality, touch keyboard designing customized for every individual is impossible, but there need to be researches on was to improve usability by having touch areas changed automatically depending on user behaviors or having users adjust the keyboard height depending on their hand size. Method: As for the design methods, an object group was given smartphones with the adaptive touch design method and the other group those with the height adjustable design method. As they entered the same characters in the smartphones, typing error rates and text input speed were measured and the average values were compared. 35 individuals who would frequently use smartphones in daily life participated in the experiment. The group variable was the type of touch keyboards, and the test variables were typing error rates and text input speed, for which a T-test was implemented. Results: As for the QWERTY keyboard, the significant improvement effect was verified as the typing error rate of the adaptive touch design method was 4.21% but that of the height adjustable design method was 3.28% although there was no significant difference in terms of text input speed. As for the Naratgul keyboard, in contrast, the typing error rate of the adaptive touch design method was 2.5% while that of the height adjustable design method was 1.48%, which indicates a measure of improvement, but the effect was not significant. On the other hand, the text input speed per minute was improved as much as 22.2%, which is significant. Conclusion: First, the Korean touch keyboard usability of the adaptive touch design method and that of the height adjustable design method, when applied to Model A of Company L, showed significant difference from each other. Second, the height adjustable design method was applied to the QWERTY keyboard, the typing error rate was improved significantly. This indicates that as the keyboard height was raised, the number of buttons within the range of fingering decreased, decreasing the touch bias was reduced. Third, the height adjustable design method was applied to the Naratgul keyboard, the text input speed was improved. Application: When the QWERTY keyboard was applied to a smartphone as small as 5.5inch or less, it is highly probably that the height adjustable design method decreases the typing error rate. It may be considered to develop additional UX functions to make the keyboard font larger or give users the option to adjust button intervals in utilization of the SW advantages of the height adjustable design method.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the related factors to child overweight through investigation of children aged 6-12. Data on physical examinations, family history and dietary habits were obtained. Children were classified into normal(98 persons) and overweight(118 persons) group using the combination of height for age, weight for age and weight for height standard by the World Health Organization. Children's height, weight and BMI exhibited a significant difference between groups except children aged 8 for height. Unbalanced diet was a risk factors for overweight(Odd ratio : 1.765, 95% CI : 1.022~3.048). Number of brothers showed negative significance especially in two brothers compared to that of one(Odd ratio : 0.456, 95% CI : 0.209~0.995). But Birth weight, feeding practice, overeating, taking nutrition pills, sleeping time, mother's education level and employmental status didn't have any difference. We found out there were different risk factors between obese and overweight group. They should be divided into different groups in studying risk factors. And we should pay much attention to overweight children in order to prevent improving to obesity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Purpose: This study examined the difference in the center of pressure (COP) displacement time in older adults according to the obstacle height during stance at each sub.phase when crossing obstacles. Methods: Fifteen older adults were enrolled in this study (${\geq}65$ years of age). The F-scan was used to measure the COP displacement time when crossing a 0, 10 and 40cm obstacle, and the stance phase was divided into 4 sub-phases according to the foot contact pattern. Results: During the stance phase, the COP displacement time increased with increasing obstacle height. During the mid-stance, terminal stance and pre-swing except for the loading response, there were significant differences in the COP displacement time according to the obstacle height. Conclusion: This study suggests that older adults show differences in the COP displacement time according to the stance sub-phase while crossing obstacles, and they use different mechanisms according the sub-phases to maintain balance during obstacle crossing.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1996

In order to develope a road landscape that is in harmony with landscaping purpose, degree of sight occupation by slopes at road sides was measured and physical elements composing the slope scenery were visually evaluated and the results are as follows : In analysis of sight occupation ratio by perspective method, gradient of the slopes influenced more on the sight occupation than height did and the driving lane occupied 2 to 3% more proportion of sight than the passing lane. When there is slope at one side of the road, difference in sight occupation between the lanes was increasing with deceased height and with increased gradient of the slopes. In visual analysis of the slope scenery, negative image was increasing with narrow road, increased height and gradient of the slopes. In visual analysis of the slope scenery, negative image was increasing with narrow road, increased height and gradient of the slopes. Particularly, the effect of gradient was critical on scenery. The effect of the slopes was negative at 60$^{\circ}$ or more but positive at 45$^{\circ}$or less gradient. This phenomenon was more conspicuous with wide 4 lane roads than wide 2 lane roads. Although direct comparison is difficult due to a great difference between Korea and U.S.A. in climate, land condition, road dimension, and public process of purchasing land, etc, it is desirable to treat road sides so that the scenery is in harmony with landscape around as well as emphasizing the regional characteristics, also giving friendly and comfortable image to drivers and nearby residents in addition to safety as can be seen in U.S.A.