• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 1983

채소(菜蔬)의 시설재배(施設栽培)에서 이상한파(異常寒波) 또는 보온(補溫) 및 가온열량(加溫熱量)의 불족(不足)으로 발생(發生)되는 저온장해(低溫障害)를 방지(防止)하고자 파라핀양초, 석유(石油)램프 및 전열선(電熱線)을 공시(供試)하여 보조가온(補助加溫) 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. 1) 파라핀양초와 전열선(電熱線) 공중가설(空中架設)에 의(依)한 보조가온방법(補助加溫方法)으로 시설내(施設內)의 야간(夜間) 최저기온(最低氣溫) 강하(降下)를 방지(防止)할 수 있었다. 2) 파라핀양초와 전열선(電熱線) 보조가온(補助加溫)은 딸기에 장해(障害)를 보이지 않았고 생육(生育), 개화(開花), 수확(收穫)의 조기화(早期化)를 현저(顯著)히 촉진(促進)하였으나 총수량(總收量)의 증가(增加)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 3) 석유(石油)램프 보조가온(補助加溫)은 식물체(植物體)에 gas장해(障害)가 심(甚)하고 점등(點燈)과 소등(消燈)에 노력(努力)이 많이 들어 실화(失火)의 위험(危險)이 많고 연소(燃燒)에 의(依)한 악취(惡臭)가 심(甚)하여 가온재(加溫材)로서는 불적당(不適當)하였다. 4) 파라핀양초 보조가온(補助加溫)은 기상(氣象)의 예측(豫測)이 불정확(不正確)하므로 연료(燃料)의 낭비(浪費) 또는 가온열량(加溫熱量)이 불족(不足)한 경우(境遇)도 있으나 가온(加溫) 소요회수(所要回數)가 적을 때에 효과적(效果的)으로 사용(使用)할 수 있었다. 5) 전열선(電熱線) 보조가온(補助加溫)은 설치(設置)에 비용(費用)과 노력(努力)이 소요(所要)되나 온도(溫度)의 자동조절(自動調節)과 항온유지(恒溫維持)가 가능(可能)하므로 가온(加溫) 소요회수(所要回數)가 많을 때에 효과적(效果的)인 것으로 판명(判明)되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2017

In this study, a cold well and a warm one with the distance of 100 m were installed in the alluvial aquifer. Groundwater used as the heat and the cold source of heat pump was designed to flow into the warm and the cold well with a diameter of 200 mm. In order to increase the heat and cold storage in aquifer, six auxiliary wells with the diameter of 50 mm and the depth of 30 m were installed at an interval of 5 m from the main well. Also, heat pump 50 RT, the thermal tank $40m^3$, and a remote control and monitoring system were installed in three single-span greenhouses ($2,100m^2$) for growing tomato in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do. According to the aquifer heat storage test which had been conducted from Aug. 31 to Sep. 22, 2016, warm water of $850m^3$ was found to flow into warm well. The temperature of the injected water was $30^{\circ}C$ (intake temperature : $15^{\circ}C$), and the heat of 12.8 Gcal was stored. The greenhouse heating test in winter had been conducted from Nov. 21, 2016 to Apr. 30, 2017. On Nov. 21, 2016 when heating greenhouse started, the aquifer temperature of the warm well was $18.5^{\circ}C$. The COP for heating with water source at $18.5^{\circ}C$ was 3.8. The intake water temperature of warm well was gradually lowered to the temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ on Jan. 2, 2017 and the heat pump COP was measured to be 3.2 at that time. As a result, the heat pump COP was improved by 18 %. and retrieval heat was 8 Gcal, the retrieval rate of heat stored in aquifer was estimated at 63 %.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2017

The price competitiveness of photovoltaic system (PV system) has risen recently due to the growth of industries, however, it is rarely applied to the greenhouse compared to other renewable energy. In order to evaluate the application of PV system in the greenhouse, power generation and optimal installation area of PV panels should be analyzed. For this purpose, the prediction of the heating and cooling loads of the greenhouse is necessary at first. Therefore, periodic and maximum energy loads of a multi-span greenhouse were estimated using Building Energy Simulation(BES) and optimal installation area of PV panels was derived in this study. 5 parameter equivalent circuit model was applied to analyzed power generation of PV system under different installation angle and the optimal installation condition of the PV system was derived. As a result of the energy simulation, the average cooling load and heating load of the greenhouse were 627,516MJ and 1,652,050MJ respectively when the ventilation rate was $60AE{\cdot}hr^{-1}$. The highest electric power production of the PV system was generated when the installation angle was set to $30^{\circ}$. Also, adjustable PV system produced about 6% more electric power than the fixed PV system. Optimal installation area of the PV panels was derived with consideration of the estimated energy loads. As a result, optimal installation area of PV panels for fixed PV system and adjustable PV system were $521m^2$ and $494m^2$ respectively.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Unlike Urban building, horticultural facilities has a lot of heat loss through plastic or glass covering material which could be much influential to growing plant and consuming energy for heating greenhouse. In many cases, heat loss from a break of cover, a gap of joint sealing, the entrance to greenhouse and windows for ventilation are the main factors considered in calculating the heating load for horticultural facilities. however the normal observation through human eye and digital camera could not recognize where the heat loss occurred. but the infrared thermal image camera with detecting thermal difference could be very effective for noticing heat loss by analyzing infrared thermal image. In this study, greenhouse structure, covering material, internal and external provisions for Horticultural facilities were surveyed in different sites and Infrared thermal camera shooting and image analysis were performed for auditing heat loss from cultivation facilities The results from this study were that unexpected heat loss had been noticed in 7 representative cases of greenhouse such as side wall covered with single or double plastic, and the joint of horizontal thermal curtain, roof without horizontal thermal curtain, entrance to greenhouse, windows for ventilation. the most important factors for keeping heat energy were whether the horizontal thermal curtain with multifold thermal material was installed or not. The internal or external covering using multifold thermal curtain proved to be the most effective ways to keep heat energy from losing through heat transmission, heat radiation. from inside to outside the horticultural facilities.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

우리나라의 주요지역에 대하여 일최저기온의 월평균값, 일최고기온의 월평균값, 전천일사량의 월평균값을 사용하여 외기온과 전천일사랑과의 관계를 도시하고, 온실의 형태와 작물의 종류에 따른 한계 최저외기온 및 한계 최고외기온을 산정하여 Climagraph를 작성하였다. 이 그래프를 이용하면 지역별로 냉난방설비를 이용하지 않고 온실재배가 가능한 기간을 결정할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 각종의 온실재배작물을 재배하기에 적절한 지역을 선정하는데 이용될 수 있고, 지역별 기후특성 분석, 지역별 온실특성의 규명, 작물의 생육환경 추정 및 조절, 온실작물생산의 합리적인 계획등을 위한 도구로도 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구를 수해하면서 climagraph를 작성하는데 필요한 명확한 자료를 구하기가 상당히 어려웠기 때문에 이러한 그래프를 국내의 온실재배에 효율적으로 이용하기 위해서는 많은 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 특히 난방과 냉방기간을 결정함에 있어 경계시기를 결정하는데 필요한 구체적인 자료를 구하기가 어려웠으며, 작물별 생육에 필요한 한계 최저회부일사랑을 결정 하는데 어려움이 있었다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2017

Amid growing concerns about energy security, energy prices, economic competitiveness, and climate change, district heating (DH) system has been recognized for its significant benefits and the part it can play in efficiently meeting society's growing energy demands while reducing environmental impacts. Policy makers often need to quantify the fuel and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emissions savings of DH system compared to conventional individual heating (IH) system in order to estimate its actual emissions reductions. The objective of this paper is to calculate energy efficiency and $CO_2$ emissions saving, and to propose the future direction for DH system in Korea. DH system achieved total system efficiencies of 67.9% compared to 54.1% for IH system in 2015. DH system reduced $CO_2$ emissions by $381,311ton-CO_2$ (4.1%) compared to IH system. The results suggest that DH system is more preferred than IH system using natural gas. In Korea, the aim is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to use energy more efficiently. DH system have significant potential with regard to achieving this aim, because DH system are already integrated with power generation in the electricity since combined heating and power (CHP) are used for heat supply. Although the future conditions for DH may look promising, the current DH system in Korea must be enhanced in order to handle future competition. Thus, the next DH system must be integrated with multiple renewable energy and waste heat energy sources.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2013

The effects of applying the micro CHP system to the domestic sector in Korea were investigated using annual cooling and heating demand data. Four prime movers, micro gas turbine, PEMFC, gas engine and Stirling engine, were compared for three operational modes. Two way buy-back was assumed for both electricity and heat. The Stirling engine gave the lowest $CO_2$ emission per energy for 300kWh monthly electricity production. However, PEMFC became more effective when considering PURPA criteria. PEMFC generated the least greenhouse gas with higher electrical efficiency for cooling. The Stirling engine, however, became competitive for heating with higher total efficiency.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2001

The greenhouse heating system with heat pump and latent heat storage was built for development of simulation model and validation. The computer simulation model for the system to predict temperature of air, soil surface and cover film in the greenhouse were developed and its validity was justified by actual data. From the analysis of experimentally measured and the simulation output, following results were obtained. 1. The expected values of inside air temperature for the greenhouse with a heat pump and a latent heat storage system were very much close to the experimental values at the error range of 1.0$\^{C}$. 2. The expected values of soil surface temperature fur the geenhouse with a heat pump and a latent heat storage system were very much close to the experimental values at the error range of 1.0$\^{C}$. 3. The expected values of thermal energy flow fur the greenhouse with a heat pump and a latent heat storage system were very much close to the experimental values at the error range of 167.2kJ/m$^2$h. 4. Heat lass value of day time was found to be larger than that of night time as much as 1.11 time. 5. At day time. the inside air temperature was shown to be higher than the set point of 7.0$\^{C}$. At night time, the inside air temperature was controlled in order to maintain higher temperatures than the set point.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2019

발전소 온배수의 폐열을 회수하여 인근 농가에 난방 에너지를 공급하는 열펌프 시스템은 기존 난방방식 대비 에너지 사용량을 획기적으로 절감하고 온실가스의 배출을 줄이는 데에 기여할 수 있다. 제주대학교 컨소시움은 한국중부발전 제주화력본부에서 약 3 km의 원거리에 위치하고 있는 시설온실로 냉온수를 공급하기 위한 열펌프 시스템을 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 열펌프 시스템의 구성과 더불어, 2018년 동절기에 수행된 난방성능 평가 실증운전 결과를 기술하였다. 열펌프 가동운전 시 대부분의 공급열 수송배관 내 담수의 온도강하는 $2^{\circ}C$ 이하로 유지됨을 확인하였다. 난방운전 시 열펌프의 성능계수는 4.0 보다 크며, 온배수를 열원으로 활용하여 최대 $50^{\circ}C$의 온수를 농가로 지속적으로 공급할 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2001

The greenhouse heating system using solar energy has been realized in the protective agriculture in this study in order to analyse the thermal energy characteristics of the system the effects of ambient air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidities and water content of ambient air on the greenhouse air temperature were investigated through computer simulation experimental analysis for validation of the simulation. The results from this study are summarized as follows: 1) The expected values of inside air temperature for the system solar energy were very much close to the experimental values. 2) In the system using solar energy, the expected values of daytime surface temperature of soil by computer simulation were very much similar to the measured values, but those of nighttime were higher than the measured value by almost $2.5^{\circ}C$. 3) Heat loss of daytime was found to be larger than that of night time as much as 2.0 to 4.2 times for the system using solar energy. 4) In the system using solar energy. while the ambient air temperature varied between $-7^{\circ}C$ and $-3.8^{\circ}C$, the temperature of the inside air was maintained between $0^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$. 5) At the minimum ambient temperature of $-7^{\circ}C$, the temperature of the inside air was $0^{\circ}C$.