• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.843-850
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• 2010

To evaluate the heating performance of commercial heated vests, we investigated the thermal images and the temperature between body and vest for three heated vests. We captured infrared thermography by FT-IR Spectrometer to analyzed the heating temperature of the heating elements taken from the vests, and the maximum heating temperature of the vests was compared with thermal image in the room temperature($18^{\circ}C$). In outdoor experiment($-4.7^{\circ}C$), we measured the inner temperature as well as the thermal image of heated vests. Four healthy men participated in this experiment, and the ANOVA and Duncan test was performed for statistical analysis. As the results, the heating temperature range of the heated vests used in this experiment was $32{\sim}42^{\circ}C$, much lower than the displayed temperature range in their specifications, so the exact specification for heating performance of heated clothing was required. In comparisons of the heating performance among the heated vests, we found out that the insulation of clothing is very important to design the heated clothing, because the inner temperature of the vest had good insulation by itself was higher than that of the vest shown higher temperature over $7^{\circ}$ than another vests at the heating temperature.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2015

Heated glasses are widely used to prevent surface condensation and freezing in ship and building windows. This study proposes a heated glass temperature control system composed of power and control circuits to control the temperature of heated glasses. The proposed temperature control system adopts a digital controller instead of a conventional analog controller. Thus, the proposed system has better characteristics, such as precise setup and control of glass temperature, setup and control of output power, and control mode change between ON/OFF and phase controls. The system can also implement multi-functional control algorithms. The control characteristics are not dependent upon external disturbances, such as ambient temperature and electrical noises. Furthermore, the proposed temperature control system utilizes the power line communication (PLC) method to control the number of heated glasses without any extra communication lines. The system proposes a new communication protocol with strong immunity to electrical switching noises. A new sensorless algorithm is used to detect the temperature of the heated glass. This study presents the design guidelines in detail and its effectiveness are confirmed by implementing a 4-kw prototype temperature control system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2005

This paper compared vertical temperature distribution between the existing balcony model without ventilator facilities and the improved balcony model with ventilator facilities using differential equation. As the air inside of balcony is heated by solar radiation this heated air is not exhausted in the existing balcony, remaining stagnant. The air temperature distribution was $26.7{\sim}29.3^{\circ}C$ in balcony without natural ventilator system. This heated air affected the rising air temperature of adjacent spaces such as living room and bedroom in the existing balcony. But, as the heated air inside of the improved balcony model is exhausted through natural ventilator facilities in summer, the air temperature in balcony has fallen. The air temperature distribution in improved balcony was $24.8{\sim}26.7^{\circ}C$ for the inlet air speed of 1 m/s and $24.6{\sim}26.7^{\circ}C$ for the inlet air speed of 3 m/s. The energy consumption of the improved balcony is 2.5 times less than of the existing balcony. The improved balcony with the closed damper makes a roll as the existing balcony in the aspect of the heating effect. When the heated air in the improved balcony is supplied, the air temperature is raised and the ventilation effect in adjacent spaces was improved.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.376-385
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• 1991

The purpose of this paper is to propose basic data on convection heat-transfer coefficients in Ondol-heated room. Surface temperatures and several temperatures around each inside surface of wall, floor and ceiling composed of heating room are measured vertically in Ondol-heated model rooms, and the vertical temperature profiles could be expressed by nonlinear equation models. Also, the convection heat transfer phenomena are analysed from the nonlinear equation models. In the results, the convection heat-transfer coefficients of Ondol heated space are suggested by the term of temperature difference between each wall surface and room air temperature and by the relationship between Nusselt number and Rayleigh number of dimensionless numbers.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2000

This study was performed to develop a prototype continuous flow ginseng dryer with which better product quality and lower drying energy consumption could be achieved compared with conventional ginseng dryers. A dryer having both far infrared ray (IR) and heated-air as the drying energy sources was designed and fabricated . Dryer performance was studied by examining energy efficiencies and dryer performance evaluation indices (DPEI) during the drying tests of medium-sized four year ginseng roots with IR radiating plate temperature and drying air temperature in the range of 80-12$0^{\circ}C$ and 22-5$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The DPEI of IR /heated -air combined drying was 1/3 of that of the conventional heated-air drying when ginseng were dried to the same final moisture ratio. When ginsengs were dried for 12 hours in the prototype IR/heated-air combination dryer, a linear relationship was found to exist between final moisture ratio and ginseng temperature. As the drying progressed, drying air temperature inside the dryer was nearly constant but ginseng temperature was drastically increased during the first two hours and gradually increased thereafter until the end of drying. With the prototype Ir/heated-air combination dryer, the drying rate changed little but the energy efficiency increased proportionally when the amount of ginseng to be dried increased. Drying capacity, energy efficiency, and DPEI of the prototype IR/heated-air combination ginseng dryer were estimated to 1.500 roots, 65% and 3.800kJ/kg-water , respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.685-692
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• 1991

The pool boiling behavior of a heated surface has been investigated experimentally, focusing on the cases when only a part of the contact surface is heated. Characteristic boiling curves are obtained with circular metal surface test pieces heated below while immersed in Refrigerant-113. Locally heated test pieces are fabricated by inserting a heating block at the center inside a larger conducting block. Overall heat transfer rates are measured while the experimental conditions are systematically varied. The local temperature profiles along the radius are measured for conducting blocks. It is found that the conjugated boiling condition exists and the total heat fluxes should be correlated to a suitably defined temperature difference.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1218-1226
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• 2004

This paper presents thermal behaviors and performances of a fresh air load reduction system by using earth tube system combined with air-heated solar collector. The earth tube system reduces a fresh air load by heat exchange with soil throughout the year. In the previous experimental research, it was clarified that the earth tube system was very useful as a fresh air load reduction system. However, since outlet temperature of the fresh air which was heated by earth tube system was below 15$^{\circ}C$ in winter, it is not suitable to introduce the fresh air into the place of residence directly. Therefore, a simulation model using the simple heat diffusion equation was used to examine a rising effect of outlet air temperature in winter by combining with air-heated solar collector. An improvement of annual performance by control of operation is also quantitatively examined. In conclusion, it is confirmed that its performance is improved by control of operation throughout the year and outlet air temperature rose by combining with air-heated solar collector.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.2 s.83
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• pp.148-152
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• 2006

In this study, the experiments of warm deep drawing were done with heated die, and with heated die, and blankholder, and cooled punch in order to investigate the formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet in warm deep drawing. For this, warm deep drawing experiments were executed under various temperatures and punch velocities. The results of warm deep drawing with heated die showed that fracture occurred around the punch part at punch velocity of 75mm/min and punch stroke of 10mm under temperature range of 373-523K, but did not occur under temperature range of 548-673K even punch stroke of 25mm. And fracture at the punch stroke of 25mm and the temperature of 523K did not occur under the punch velocity of 30mm/min, but occurred under punch velocity of 75 and 125mm/min. Also warm deep drawing with heated die and blankholder, and cooled punch showed that the temperature range happening maximum height under punch velocity of 10-100mm/min was around 498-523K. Finally, with heating and cooling technique necking of AZ31 magnesium alloy occurred at punch shoulder part under the temperature range of 293-423K, but at die wall part under the temperature range of 473-573K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2011

This study is to propose a curing method for a concrete wall structure under severe cold climate. The curing methods of using heated cable, heated panel and insulated form were applied. Results showed that the concrete cured by the heated cable resulted in the highest temperature history and the highest strength development at 28 days. Further, it is believed that the curing methods of the heated panel and insulated form are also recommendable for the resistance of the early frost damage on the concrete in practice.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2454-2462
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• 1994

The effects of thermal stratification on the flow of a stratified fluid past a heated circular cylinder were examined in a wind tunnel. Turbulent intensities, rms values of temperature and turbulent convective heat flux distributions in the heated cylinder wake with and without thermal stratification were measured by using a hot-wire and cold-wire combination probe. A phase averaging method was also used to estimated coherent motion in the near wake. It is found that the vertical turbulent motion in the stably stratified flow case dissipates faster than that of the neutral case, i.e., vertical growth of vortical structure is suppressed under the strongly stratified condition. The coherent motion of temperature makes a large contribution like velocity coherent motion. However, the coherent motions of temperature fluctuation become very different with the change of experimental conditions, though the velocity coherent motions are quite similar in all experimental conditions.