• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1687-1694
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• 2019

Background: Although cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is reported to have positive effects on mental functions such as depression and sleep improvement, detailed studies regarding awakening, attention and concentration among brain waves reflecting brain activity are lacking. Objective: To examine the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on various electroencephalograms (EEGs) reflecting brain activities. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: This study selected 30 healthy adult women in their 20s who volunteered for this experiment. A total of 30 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (Sham group, 0.5 Hz CES group, and 100 Hz CES group). EEGs were measured before and after the single CES, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results: The relative theta, alpha, and gamma waves indicated no significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group. The relative fast alpha wave only showed significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in P4. The relative slow beta wave only indicated statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in T3 and T4. The relative mid and fast beta waves showed statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in all areas. Conclusions: These results suggest that a CES of 0.5 Hz awakens consciousness and has a positive influence on brain activity, while a CES of 100 Hz has a positive influence on thinking activity accompanying mental load during concentrating on one subject.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

Purpose : Sit-to-stand (STS) is one of the important activities of daily living (ADL) and each of its parameters is used frequently. This study aimed to examine the influence of different seat height on performance time and floor reaction force strength during an STS movement. Methods : Fifteen young-adult male subjects participated in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups based on lower leg length. Subjects performed an STS movement twice from chairs at height adjusted by the lower leg length of each subject. To examine the influence of the chair seat height, ground reaction forces during a STS performed with 3 chair heights adjusted to each subjects lower leg length were compared. Results : Vertical ground reaction force and time during an STS movement were measured to evaluate. Parameters regarding ground reaction force were selected for analyses. Significant differences were found in ground reaction force at G1 was greater than G2 and G3. Conclusion : The STS movement achievement strategy differed since chair seat height changes relatively by the difference in lower leg length. When conducting the ability to achieve STS movement rating test, chair seat height considering each subject's lower leg length may be needed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary protein intake and quality on periodontal disease in Korean adults. Methods: The data used for analysis were obtained from the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Data were analyzed using chi-square and t-test. Additionally, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between dietary protein intake and quality and periodontal disease. Statistical significance level was set at <0.05. Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis of dietary protein intake and periodontal disease in the model adjusted for socioeconomic factors showed that were significantly related to the Q1 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.39). However, this correlation was not significant in the model in which all variables were corrected. Moreover, analysis of the dietary protein quality and periodontal disease in model 4, which was adjusted for socioeconomic variables, showed that were significantly related to the low score (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00-1.27). Conclusions: The results showed a significant association between periodontal disease and poor intake and quality of dietary protein in the Korean adult population.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2021

Purpose : This study was conducted to find out the effect on the activity of trunk and lower limbs muscles during abdominal drawing-in bridging exercises by verbal cue on the unstable supporting surface after pelvic rearward sloping taping for trunk stabilization movement. Methods : The study subjects were recruited by using the on-campus bulletin boards for healthy adult males and females in their 20s attending K University in Changwon-city, South Gyeongsang Province. The subjects were 30 persons (15 males and 15 females) who agreed to the study purpose in accordance with the criteria for selection and exclusion. Results : The results were obtained by measuring the muscle activity of the trunk and lower limbs during abdominal drawing-in bridging exercises by verbal cue on the unstable supporting surface after pelvic fixed tapping. The effects on erector spinae and hamstring muscles was statistically significantly lower (p<.05), it was confirmed that there were no statistically significant differences between the multifidus and gluteus maximus muscle (p>.05). Conclusion : Through this study, it was found that the excessive flexion of the waist was significantly reduced from erector spinalis and hamstring muscle after abdominal drawing-in bridging exercises by verbal cue on the unstable supporting surface after pelvic rearward sloping tapping compared to the general bridging exercises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the changes in the blood fatigue variables caused by isokinetic and isotonic exercise training. METHODS: Ten healthy adult males with at least one year of athletic experience participated. The participants performed the isokinetic circuit exercise program first, followed by an isotonic circuit exercise program. A two-hour break was allowed between the isokinetic circuit exercise program and the isotonic circuit exercise program. The circuit exercise program consisted of four items (Squat, Deadlift, Shoulder press, and Bench press). The blood samples were analyzed for the LDH, CPK, and Cortisol levels. RESULTS: The LDH level in the isokinetic group was significantly different from the isotonic group. In particular, the change in LDH level in the isokinetic group was 33.30% lower than that of the isotonic group. The serum CPK level of the isokinetic group showed a 10.03% lower decrease than the isotonic group, but the difference was not significant. The Cortisol level was relatively unchanged in the isotonic group, but it decreased in the isokinetic group. On the other hand, the Cortisol level did not show a significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The isokinetic group showed alleviation of the three indices, unlike the isotonic group. Further studies associated with the changes in blood fatigue variables through various exercise programs and exercise intensity will be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2023

Purpose: This study compared the movement control ability of the ankle joint according to the type of muscle contraction, namely, eccentric or concentric contractions. Methods: Thirty-four healthy adult subjects participated in this study. As a single group, before the experiment, the subjects were trained on achieving the required position of the ankle around the target point by manually controlling the ankle dorsiflexion by 10°. Concentric contraction starts at 0° and continues until the target point of 10° is reached. During an eccentric contraction, the ankle joint starts at 20° ankle dorsiflexion and continues till the target point is reached. Movements using eccentric contraction and concentric contraction were randomly performed 3 times each. Results: The results of comparing the difference in the movement control ability of each type of muscle contraction of ankle dorsiflexion showed that the measurement-remeasurement error was significant in eccentric contraction. Conclusion: In this study, we found a difference in the ability to control movement according to whether the contraction is eccentric or concentric. Therefore, we propose that the ability to control movement is affected by the type of muscle contraction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2023

Specialized hearing tests for pets are currently in demand. A brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test is an objective, non-invasive, and practical electrophysiological method that records electric signals from the peripheral auditory system to the brainstem when an auditory stimulation is provided. In veterinary medicine, sedation or anesthesia is essential for a successful examination. In human medicine, research has established the indications for various sedatives, anesthetics, and drugs according to the depth of anesthesia required. However, in veterinary medicine, there are very few comparative studies on propofol or isoflurane, which are the most common anesthetics used. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the difference in BAER test results between sedation with medetomidine, anesthesia using propofol, and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane after propofol administration. The test was conducted on four healthy adult dogs. There was no statistically significant difference in latency, interpeak latency, or amplitude between the various drugs. The results suggest that a sedative or anesthetic for the administration of a BAER test can be selected according to the patient's needs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2023

The abnormal accumulation and aggregation of the misfolded α-synuclein protein is the neuropathological hallmark of all α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. The secreted proteins known as netrins (netrin-1, netrin-3, and netrin-4) are related to laminin and have a role in the molecular pathway for axon guidance and cell survival. Interestingly, only netrin-1 is significantly expressed in the substantia nigra (SN) of healthy adult brains and its expression inversely correlates with that of α-synuclein, which prompted us to look into the role of α-synuclein and netrin-1 molecular interaction in the future of dopaminergic neurons. Here, we showed that netrin-1 and α-synuclein directly interacted in pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) generation test, real time binding assay, and co-immunoprecipitation with neurotoxin treated cell lysates. Netrin-1 deficiency appeared to activate the dopaminergic neuronal cell death signal pathway via α-synuclein aggregation and hyperphosphorylation of α-synuclein S129. Taken together, netrin-1 can be a promising therapeutic molecule in Parkinson's disease.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thoracic-lumbar dissociation motion and slump motion on thoracic-lumbar erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscle activity. Methods: Seventeen healthy adult volunteers participated in this study. All participants performed two motions (thoracic-lumbar dissociation motion, slump motion). Muscle activation during the two motions was measured using a surface electromyography device. The data from this were collected from the iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum, and rectus abdominis. The activities of these muscles before and after each motion were then compared. Results: The iliocostalis thoracis activation was significantly greater during the thoracic-lumbar dissociation motion than during the slump motion (p <0.05). The iliocostalis lumborum activation was greater during the slump motion than during the thoracic-lumbar dissociation motion (p <0.05). The rectus abdominis activation was lesser during the slump motion than during the thoracic-lumbar dissociation motion (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed that individual contraction of the erector spinae muscles is possible during thoracic-lumbar dissociation motion, which increases the stability of the thoracic spine. In addition, this motion could improve control of the rectus abdominis. Therefore, thoracic-lumbar dissociation motion should be considered for rehabilitation programs for patients with kyphosis and back pain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2023

Background: In terms of physical performance, elastic tape (ET) is known to contribute to injury prevention and performance enhancement. Objects: This study aimed to compare and analyze the effect on lower extremity muscle activity of young adult women with and without ET during squats. Methods: In this study, six healthy, young women were recruited as participants in a university laboratory. Participants were allocated to two groups of three after measuring muscle activity in a pre-test, and the experiment was conducted for a total of two weeks (two sessions). First, 10 half squats were taped once in the first week, and 10 half squats were performed without taping in the second week. The other group did this in reverse and measured muscle activity after the squat was over. Results: As a result of this study, there was no significant difference in the quadriceps with or without ET (Z = -0.11, p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was found in hamstring (Z = -0.31, p > 0.05). Conclusion: No beneficial effect was found on changes in muscle activity following ET application during squats. Further studies require randomized controlled trials that increase the number of participants and the intensity of the intervention, and measure pain, function, and performance rather than muscle properties depending on the biomechanical lifting mechanism.