• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2013

Objectives: Emerging evidence indicates that sleep duration is associated with health outcomes. However, the relationship of sleep duration with long-term health is unclear. This study was designed to determine the relationship of sleep duration with mortality as a parameter for long-term health in a large prospective cohort study in Korea. Methods: The study population included 13 164 participants aged over 20 years from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort study. Information on sleep duration was obtained through a structured questionnaire interview. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were estimated using a Cox regression model. The non-linear relationship between sleep duration and mortality was examined non-parametrically using restricted cubic splines. Results: The HRs for all-cause mortality showed a U-shape, with the lowest point at sleep duration of 7 to 8 hours. There was an increased risk of death among persons with sleep duration of ${\leq}5$ hours (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.41) and of ${\geq}10$ hours (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.72). In stratified analysis, this relationship of HR was seen in women and in participants aged ${\geq}60$ years. Risk of cardiovascular disease-specific mortality was associated with a sleep duration of ${\leq}5$ hours (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.93). Risk of death from respiratory disease was associated with sleep duration at both extremes (${\leq}5$ and ${\geq}10$ hours). Conclusions: Sleep durations of 7 to 8 hours may be recommended to the public for a general healthy lifestyle in Korea.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2007

Objectives: The research was conducted to evaluate the socio-demographic, life style and work related factors of stress and fatigue, and correlation between them in the white collar workers. Methods: This study was targeted on white collar workers of medium-sized company in Kimhae city including 249 people; 167 of males, 82 of females. The data was collected by structured questionnaires and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 12.0. Result: Both stress and fatigue levels were higher for female of gender, 20s of age, single of marital status in socio-demographic factors. The stress level was higher for current smokers and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher for unsatisfied sleeping in lifestyle factors. The stress level was lower for 5-day workweek system and experience of downsizing, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher far lower period of employment in work related factors. The correlation coefficient(r) between stress and fatigue level was 0.578, which was highly statistically significant. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting stress were unsatisfied sleeping, female and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and those affecting fatigue were younger age and unsatisfied sleeping. Conclusion: This study provided strong support for associations between stress and fatigue, and we suggest that modifiable factors such as regular exercise and satisfied sleeping would be important for white collar workers to reduce their stress and fatigue.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 2004년도 제58회 춘계유가공심포지움 - 세계 우유의 날 기념 국제 심포지움
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• pp.21-39
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• 2004

Fermented milks have been recognized as healthy foods since ancient times, but those using intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are even more valuable from the standpoint of view of maintaining health. They have also now come to be recognized as important in the field of preventive medicine. Although advances in the medical sciences in the last 50 years have significantly increased the human lift span, an unfortunate fact is that many of us are now living long enough to experience chronic disorders such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes and cancer. In recent years there has been renewed interest in health promotion and disease prevention by incorporating probiotic bacteria into foods to counteract harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract. Therefore, there are now a wide variety of commercial products containing prospective probiotics that claim health-promoting effects, such reductions in large botvel carcinogens and mutagens, antitumor properties, cholesterol-lowering effects, increased lactose digestion, relief from con-stipation, stimulation of immunocomponent cells and enhancement of phagocytosis. Two well-known representative probiotic is LAB and Bifidobaclerium. Traditional probiotic dairy strains of LAB which have been designated as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) bacteria have a long history of safe use and most strains are considered comestible microorganisms with no pathogenic potential. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in extending the range of foods containing probiotic organisms from dairy foods to infant formulas, baby foods, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotic as wll as combinations of pro- and prebiotics has recently aroused renewed interest as enhancing the beneficial relationship between the host and intestinal microflora in both healthy and diseased indivisuals. Non-communicable chronic diseases such as cancer, cerebral hemorrhage, is chemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus has recently been recognized as adult diseases in Japan as well as other countries. and are considered to be inevitably associated with aging. These diseases occur as a result of individual life styles. The Japanes Government. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has proposed substituting the term 'adult diseases' with 'lifestyle-related diseases'. It has emphasized the importance of prevention rather than treatment. since the well-known increase in the elderly population in Japan is predicted to result in a variety of socioeconomic problems. n this lecture on the Present status of fermented milk products in Japan, I will report a strategy for the development of fermented milk products in Japan from the standpoint of view of research in Japan on LAB and Bifidobacteria. They could play an important role in preserving human health by controlling intestinal microflora capable of producing toxic effects on the host.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

세계적인 월빙 및 웰니스 붐에 따른 건강 치유를 중시하는 라이프스타일의 정착과 21세기 최고의 유망 서비스산업으로 떠오르고 있는 의료관광 및 웰니스관광에 적극적으로 대응하기 위한 방안의 하나로 제주도의 향토자원을 활용한 스파산업 육성방향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 스파산업 육성에 활용할 수 있는 제주도의 향토자원은 자연환경, 광물자원, 수자원, 생물자원, 농산물, 민간요법의 6 종류의 자원인 것으로 파악되었다. 제주 향토자원을 활용 가능한 여러 가지 스파 트리트먼트 중에서도 제주를 상징할 수 있는 차별화된 스파 트리트먼트 즉, '제주 특화 스파 트리트먼트'로 개발이 가능한 것은 12가지로 판단되었다. 즉, 자연환경을 활용한 딸라소테라피, 광물자원을 활용한 스톤테라피 검은 모래찜질 화산회토를 이용한 온돌요법, 수자원을 활용한 탈라소테라피 음용요법 하이드로 테라피, 생물자원을 활용한 약초/한약재 찜질 삼림치유, 농산물을 활용한 스파퀴진, 민간요법을 활용한 얼굴미용 질병치유 및 건강증진 식이요법이다. 상기와 같은 12가지 스파 트리트먼트를 '제주 특화 스파 트리트먼트' 개발 활용하기 위해서는 향토자원의 물리화학적 특성에 관한 기초연구와 더불어 제품화 연구와 임상시험을 통화 효능연구가 선행되어야 한다. 또한, 개발된 스파 트리트먼트를 고객의 성향과 요구와 스파유형 등을 고려한 맞춤형 서비스 프로그램 개발과 표준화 및 매뉴얼화가 이루어져야 한다. 아울러, 제주 스파산업이 경쟁력 있는 산업으로 성장해 나가기 위해서는 제주특별자치도가 추진하고 있는 의료관광 및 웰니스관광과 연계와 더불어 창업 및 경영지원이 필요 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors for adult men (n=2976) and women (n=2442) who were over 19 years old, after excluding the HBsAg(+) or anti-HCV(+) patients and the men and women with increased alcohol intake (men: 40g/week, women: 20g/week). Results: Compared with the normal liver subjects, the nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects showed a significantly increased frequency of abnormal systolic blood pressure (${geq}120mmHg$), fasting blood sugar (${\geq}100mg/dL$), total cholesterol ($({\geq}200 mg/dL$), triglyceride ($({\geq}150mg/dL$), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ($({\geq}130g\; m/dL$) and abdominal obesity in men, and all these measures were significantly increased in the women except for abnormal HDL cholesterol. After adjusting for the body mass index, age, smoking, exercise and a nonalcoholic liver, the odds ratios of an abnormal waist hip ratio were 1.35(95% Confidence Interval=1.05-4.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.61 (1.19-2.18) in the moderate fatty liver, 2.77(1.57-4.92) in the severe fatty liver compared with a normal liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal fasting blood sugar were 1.26(1.03-1.53) in the mild fatty liver, 1.62(1.27-2.06) in the moderate fatty Iiver and 1.77(1.12-2.78) in the severe fatty liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.38(1.11-1.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.73(0.33-2.24) in the moderate fatty liver and 1.91 (1.17-3.10) in the severe fatty liver of men. Adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.50(1.04-2.15) in mild, 1.71(1.07-2.68) in moderate, 1.81(0.69-4.38) in severe fatty liver of women. Conclusions: The nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects had more cardiovascular risk factors compared with the normal liver subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of the nonalcoholic fatty liver is necessary by lifestyle modifications such as restriction of alcohol intake, no smoking, exercise and adequate eating habits.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2003

This study is carrying out a before and after experiment design for the non-equal comparative group to identify the effects of the breast self-examination education on breast self-examination participant education compliance and health promotion in women. The subject of this study was 58 women residing in Chungju. Their age ranged from 20 to 40. These women were not pregnant or did not breast feed, as well as they did not have any breast disease, at the time of survey. They were available for the response to the questionnaires, and understood the purpose of this study. They also agreed to participate in the study, and responded to the 3rd time questionnaires to the end. Thus, brochures and lectures were provided side by side to a group of 19 of those women, and only brochures were provided to another group of 39 of those women. With regard to education, a brochure and a program using a breast model were applied. Then, the frequency of the breast self examination compliance, breast self examination capability and the relations between the breast self examination and activities to promote health were measured, before the education, after 4 weeks of education and after 12 weeks of education. Before education and after 4 weeks of education. I collected the questionnaires myself visiting them, and after 12 weeks of education, the questionnaires were collected by mail. In relation to the study tool, the breast self examination activity was measured by two measuring tools: breast self examination activity frequency and breast self examination compliance capability. As for the frequency, the number of self examination for the period of 3 months, before the questionnaire survey, was measured in the form of self report. In relation to the tool to measure the breast self examination capability, the BSEPRI tool, which was developed by Wood in 1994, was used. Here, as the score was higher, the capability was indicated to be higher. The translated and revised version of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (Walker, Sechrist & Pender. 2002) was used as a tool for health promotion. As the measured score was higher, the health promoting activity was indicated to be higher. The results of this study were as follows: 1. As a result of checking the breast self examination compliance frequency between the experiment group that received the breast self examination participant education and the comparative group that did not receive the education, there was a significant difference in interaction between groups by time, as time passed by. 2. As a result of checking the breast self examination compliance capability between the experiment group and the comparative group, there was a significant difference in interaction between groups by time, as time passed by. 3. As a result of carrying out a repetitive measurement analysis, between the experiment group that received the breast self examination education and the comparative group that did not receive the education, which was carried out to validate the hypothesis that the former would have higher health promoting activities than the latter, there was no significant difference after the breast self examination education was conducted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2495-2502
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• 2013

Background: Dietary fat has been inconsistently associated with the risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between meat and animal and plant fat intake and breast cancer risk in subgroups by total lifetime physical activity, using data from a case-control study conducted in the Region of Western Pomerania, Poland. Materials and Methods: The study included 858 women with histological confirmed breast cancer and 1,085 controls, free of any cancer diagnosis. The study was based on a self-administered questionnaire including questions about socio-demographic characteristics, current weight and height, reproductive factors, family history of breast cancer and lifestyle habits. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: High animal fat intake significantly increased OR from 1.7 times (OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.07-3.59) to 2.9 times (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.37-6.14) independent of physical activity level, comparing the third versus the lowest quartile. Women with a high intake of red meat or processed meat and low physical activity showed increased risk of breast cancer: OR=2.70, 95%CI=1.21-6.03 and 1.78, 95%CI=1.04-3.59, respectively. The plant fat dietary pattern was negatively associated with breast cancer in sedentary women (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.32-0.99). Conclusions: These results indicated that a diet characterized by a high consumption of animal fat is associated with a higher breast cancer risk in sedentary women, while consumption of plant fat products may reduce risk in the same group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4429-4436
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• 2014

Background: Although the nutritional may exert effect on the breast cancer risk, it is not clear whether the role diet is the same in sedentary and physically active women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fruit, vegetable and carbohydrate intake and the risk of breast cancer among Polish women considering their physical activity level. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted that included 858 women with histological confirmed breast cancer and 1,085 controls, free of any cancer diagnosis, aged 28-78 years. The study was based on a self-administered questionnaire to ascertain physical activity, dietary intake, sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive factors, family history of breast cancer, current weight and high, and other lifestyle factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in unconditional logistic regression analyses including a broad range of potential confounders. Results: With comparison of the highest vs lowest quartile of intake, strong significant associations were observed for total vegetables (OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.20-0.69 P for trend <0.01 and OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.29-0.96, P for trend <0.02), and total fruits (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.25-0.87, P for trend <0.05 and OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.24-0.90, P for trend <0.02) among women characterized by the lowest and the highest quartile of physical activity. No associations were observed for total carbohydrate intake. Additional analysis showed a positive association for sweets and desert intake among women in the lowest quartile of physical activity (OR=3.49, 95%CI=1.67-7.30, P for trend <0.009) for extreme quartiles of intake comparing to the referent group. Conclusions: The results suggest that a higher consumption of vegetable and fruit may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, especially among women who were low or most physically active throughout their lifetimes. These findings do not support an association between diet high in carbohydrate and breast cancer. However, a higher intake of sweets and deserts may by associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among women who were less physically active.