• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.100-104
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• 2005

We investigated mineral difference from mushroom Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii on mulberry, oak and elm. ICP test, The major mineral components were K, Ca, and Fe, while Mg, Na, P, Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined as micro mineral components. In case of P.linetus and P.baumii the component of K was shown as 699.0mg/100g and 630mg/100g, in oak, 340.7mg/100g and 314.6mg/100g in elm, and 311.6mg/100g and 311.6mg/100g in mulberry respectively. In Ca, mulberry fruiting body were shown about 2 times highest and expecially in case of Na was oak fruiting body were shown as 10 times highest as against the others sample groups. In micro mineral components, Zn component was shown very diffeence about sample groups. We concluded that the highest mineral component of K was shown in mushroom cultivated on oak of both P.linetus and P.baumii. As a results, mineral component has showed very difference on cultivated to timber. According to the results of mineral component we concluded that Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii has mineral component different depending on timber.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

Broken eggs not only cause the economic loss in the egg producing industry, but also may not be good for the consumer's health. In order to identify the causes of eggshell breakage in laying hen houses, analyses on the status of eggshell breakage in the step of egg conveyer system of the laying hen house were conducted. The survey of eggshell breakage rate was implemented by four different stages egg conveying system. In the results, the breakage rate showed 4.7% in the egg collection belt, 2.5% in the egg elevator, 1.7% in the egg grading system and 0.9% in the egg conveyor belt. In particular, to Hy-line Brown variety, as the hens' raising week old increased, the breakage rate of eggshell increased while the strength of eggshell decreased. In the regression analysis between the breakage rate of eggshell and the strength of eggshell, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) by the test of significance was computed as 0.7, therefore the changes of the strength of eggshell affects the breakage rate of eggshell. However, between the strength of eggshell and thickness of egg shell, and between the strength of eggshell and strain of eggshell, there was no significant difference detected in the regression analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2006

To study simultaneous water and solute transport kinetics during soaking in concentrated solution, the influence of the concentration and molecular weight of the solute(polyethylene glycol(PEG) and NaCl) in the soaking solution and the temperature on the water loss and solute gain rates were observed by using a model vegetable tissue(potato). When potato slices$(4cm{\times}4cm{\times}0.1cm)$ soaked in 60% PEG solutions, the water loss rate of the early phase decreased with increasing of the molecular weight of PEG from 200 to 6,000, while the final water loss increased with increasing the molecular weight of PEG and it reached to 80%. The cell wall of potato tissue was permeable to NaCl and PEGs of which average molecular weight is smaller than 400 but it was not permeable to PEG 600 and larger molecules. PEG which has average molecular weight below 600 induced plasmolysis and those above 600 induced cytorrhysis. The water loss rate of potato sample soaked in smaller molecular weight PEG solution was faster than those soaked in higher molecular weight PEG solution before cytorrhysis happened. The water loss rate was reversed after cytorrhysis happened. The volume change of potato within the first 60 minutes was larger in low molecular PEG solution but the final ratio of decreasing volume was larger in high molecular PEG solutions. In PEG 200 solution, the potato tissue was slightly shrinked without shape change. However, in PEG 4,000 solution, volume of potato was reduced significantly and potato tissue was twisted.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.599-603
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• 2006

This study investigated the efficacy of common sanitizers and disinfectants on E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium spiked on the surface of the main processing machine. All four microorganisms were greatly reduced by hydrogen peroxide (1,100 ppm), iodophors (25 ppm) and quarternary ammonium compounds (200 ppm). The reduction levels of E. coli, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes were 3.5, 3.4, 3.0, and 2.8 $log_{10}CFU/100cm^2$, respectively. Peroxy compounds and quaternary ammonium compounds can be applied to animal food manufacturing plants as a good sanitizer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.521-525
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• 2006

Korean ginseng was heat treated at various temperatures (110, 120, 130, 140 and $150^{\circ}C$) and times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr). The heat treated ginseng extract was analyzed for the total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH free-radical scavenging, 5-HMF and ginsenoside. The total phenolics and flavonoid content increased with increasing treatment temperature and time. The highest total phenolics content was 29.46 mg/g (d.b) in $150^{\circ}C$ for 1hr (control: 2.68 mg/g). The highest total flavonoid content was 4.75mg/g (d.b) in $150^{\circ}C$ for 2hr (control: 0.39 mg/g). The antioxidant activity increased until $140^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. An extension of the treatment time did not have any effect, and the antioxidant activity decreased at temperatures higher than $150^{\circ}C$ for more than 2 hours. The content of ginsenoside $Rg_1$, Re, $Rb_2$ and Rb3 rapidly decreased with increasing treatment temperature and time. Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and $Rh_2$ were newly produced, or their contents increased with increasing treatment temperature and time.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

The aim of this paper was to prove that if the risk level in combined tasks was improved through evaluation of postural load of liquid weight measurement process, the workload level and ratio of exposure time would be changed, and the time of process would be seen concurrently. Background: According to results of epidemiological studies conducted by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, 122 musculoskeletal disorders occurred during 1992 to 2008, in which manufacturing industry covers 96(78.7%) of total. However, this is an insufficient level and only occupies 39% based on the South Korea's manufacturing standard industrial classification(246 industries). Method: Firstly, the number of batches weighed on one day(460min) was investigated based on the work performed and Weight measured weekly. VCR recording was taken based on the level of liquid ingredients prescribed for 1batch using the Camcorder. After dividing a 356 sec video into 1 sec using the screen capture function in Gom player, the job classification was performed by analyzing the change of working postures, which revealed 148 working postures. Time measurement was decided by time of the postures was being maintained. Then, the REBA analysis was performed for the working postures. The ratio of Exposure time was calculated based on the measurement time and REBA Score. In addition, the recommendations were designed and implementation was carried out for the working postures with REBA Score higher than 3. Finally, after the intervention, REBA measurement, time measurement, and ratio of exposure time were calculated for the comparison of works before and after improvement. Results: The number of work elements was decreased by 30.4% from 148 to 103 after improvement. The results of time measurement showed that the time was reduced by 46.3% from 356 sec to 191 sec. And the ratio of exposure time was also improved by 52.1% from 0% to 52.1% after improvement. Conclusion: The reduction of time was found to improve the productivity of management. Furthermore, because the reduction of ratio of exposure time and the improvement of workload level are the improvement of discomfort, it would contribute to the improvement of the worker's psychological working posture. Application: These results would contribute to musculoskeletal disease prevention and management performance. Further studies for other industries would be needed based on this case study.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: For safety evaluation of imported agri-food in Korea, the multiresidue analysis method was establised for unregistered organophosphorus pesticides, aspon, chlorthion, chlorthiophos, crotoxyphos, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, dioxathion, heptenophos, iodofenphos, leptophos, methyl-trithion, propetamphos and sulfotep. METHODS AND RESULTS: The used method for multiresidue analysis in brown rice and orange used as representative samples of imported agri-food was the official method of Korean Food and Drug Administration. The results of validation test of 13 organophosphorus pesticides except crotoxyphos for multiresidue analysis method are compared to the criteria such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and limit of quantification. CONCLUSION: The used method for multiresidue analysis of unregistered 13 organophosphorus pesticides except crotoxyphos in Korea can surely be used as an official method for routine analysis of imported agri-food.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.178-191
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• 2013

Objectives : In this study, we made an effort to investigate the protective mechanism of Ukgan-san (UGS) extracts on hypoxia-induced C6 glial cell death. Methods : The cell viability was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MMT) assay and cell morphological changes were analysed with microscope after staining with crystal violet (CV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assessed by flow cytometer after staining with 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). We also analyzed expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and p53, processing of procaspase-3 and procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) by western blot method. Results : We estimated the elevated cell viability by UGS extract on $CoCl_2$-induced C6 glial cells. UGS attenuated $CoCl_2$-induced ROS formation in C6 glial cells and also showed a protective activity compared to antioxidants and exhibited abrogation of LDH-released by $CoCl_2$. UGS suppressed the typical apoptotic cell death markers, caspase-3 and PARP activation. UGS inhibited $CoCl_2$-induced HIF-1${\alpha}$ expression which is known as a major regulator for hypoxia-induced cell death, and suppressed p53 expression. Conclusions : These results suggest that UGS extract contains protective constituents for hypoxia-induced C6 glial cell death.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.143-163
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• 2018

Implant procedure belongs to so called a commercialized medical treatment, its procedure is simple and clear, and the possibility of success is almost 100%. In addition, it is a selective method rather than an inevitable method for a patient's health, so the importance of liability for explanation is especially emphasized for protection of autonomous decisions by patients. Considering these characteristics, the plaintiff in the relevant case said that the contract of implant procedure has the characteristic of subcontract, and only the failure of implant itself and the violation of liability for explanation should be the defendant's fault liability. In addition, although the above procedure contract is considered as delegation rather than subcontract, whether it's the defendant's malpractice should be judged by general people's common sense rather than average people in the industry. Therefore, if all the implanted teeth were removed due to bleeding and pains, and the patient suffered from dysaesthesia during the process, the defendant's malpractice is fully proved. When the judgements of implant medical malpractice were researched, the court doesn't consider implant contract as subcontract, but it judges dentist's malpractice by whether the implant itself is successful, so it seems that the court acknowledges similar characteristics with subcontract whose purpose is completion of work to some degree. In addition, considering the detailed contents of presented medical malpractices, it seems that judging medical malpractice is based on the common sense of general people. Therefore, the argument of the plaintiff is valid when the fact the adjustment amount is relevant to the amount that the plaintiff initially claimed is considered even though the relevant case was decided to be compulsory mediation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.448-453
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an appropriate management for safety of children snacks. In this study, monitorings of food additives such as four kinds of sweeteners (sodium saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose) which are sold in children snacks at stationary store around the school were performed. 92 samples (34 ice cakes, 52 beverages and 6 candies) were analyzed for sweeteners. Contents of 4 kinds of sweeteners in ice cakes, beverages and candies were 0.41, 0.47, 0.00 mg/kg for sodium saccharin, 0.00, 20.54, 197.09 mg/kg for aspartame, 0.00, 28.10, 0.00 mg/kg for acesulfame potassium, 9.99, 1.40, 0.00 mg/kg for sucralose. Results of risk assessment for sweeteners were expressed as EDI (Estimated Daily Intake) comparing with ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake). The ratio of high risk group for sweeteners intake (95th) were 0~2.66%. The results of this study indicated that each EDI of four kinds of sweeteners sold at stationary stores around the school is much lower than each ADI in general. Consequently, the children snacks are thought to be safe for consumption.