• Air Cleaning Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

This study proposed the optimum design values for the biological clean room system observing the regulations of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). Even though the standard for industrial clean room system has been well established, the basis for biological food clean room system is the first stage. In order to prevent the contaminations in advance for food storages, processes, and distributions, the criterion of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point is positively required. This study also suggested the possible ways of how to avoid the hazardous contaminations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.3 s.81
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

The knowledge of the flash point of the various liquid substances is required because of process safety and control in industrial fire protection. The epoxy resin is one of versatile resins that has wide selection of using curing agents and additives to achieve various applications such as coatings, adhesives, interior materials, reinforced plastics and electrical insulation. In this study, the lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems were measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems rapidly increased 80wt%, 90wt% and 95wt% of epoxy resin concentration, respectively. This results serve as a guide to estimate flash point of any epoxy resin solution.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.320-326
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• 2002

Distribution system loss minimization re-configuration is 0-1 planning problem, and the number of combinations requiring searches is extremely large when dealing with typical system scales. For this reason, the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) seems attactive to solve this problem. Although Genetic algorithms are a type of random number search method, they incorporate a multi-point search feature and are therefore superior to one-point search techniques. The efficiency of GAs for solving large combinational problem has received wide attention. Further, parallel searching can be performed and the optimal solution is more easily reached. In this paper, for improving GA convergence characteristics in the distribution system loss minimization re-configeration problem, a chromosome "Limited Life" concept is intro duced. Briefly, considering the population homogenization and genetic drift problems, natural selection is achieved by providing this new concept, in addition to natural selection by fitness. This is possible because individuals in a population have an age value. Simulations were carried out using a model system to check this method's validity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.601-607
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• 2022

In recent years, monitoring of spent nuclear fuel inside dry cask storage has become an important area of national security. Muon tomography is a useful method for monitoring spent nuclear fuel because it uses high energy muons that penetrate deep into the target material and provides a 3-D structure of the inner materials. We designed a muon tomography system consisting of four 2-D position sensitive detector and characterized and optimized the system parameters. Each detector, measuring 200 × 200 cm², consists of a plastic scintillator, wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers and, SiPMs. The reconstructed image is obtained by extracting the intersection of the incoming and outgoing muon tracks using a Point-of-Closest-Approach (PoCA) algorithm. The Geant4 simulation was used to evaluate the performance of the muon tomography system and to optimize the design parameters including the pixel size of the muon detector, the field of view (FOV), and the distance between detectors. Based on the optimized design parameters, the spent fuel assemblies were modeled and the line profile was analyzed to conduct a feasibility study. Line profile analysis confirmed that muon tomography system can monitor nuclear spent fuel in dry storage container.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.136-139
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• 2003

This study is to observe the occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria in terms of free chlorine residuals in two different water distribution system which belongs to both K and Y water treatment plant of S city of Korea. The data analyzing in distribution systems (DS) shows that the free chlorine residuals decrease from 0.10 to 0.56 mgmg/L for K, and 0.51 to 0.78 mg/L for Y. The decay of free chlorine is clearly higher in both March and August than those of in January. The HPC in DS are ranged from 0 to 40 CFU/mL for K, 0 to 270 CFU/mL for Y, on R2A medium. In particular, its level is relatively high at consumers ground storage tanks, taps and point-of-end area of Y. The predominant genera is studied in distribution systems are Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas (branch of Pseudomonas), Micrococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus. The diversity of heterotrophic bacteria increase in the end-point area. Most of them are either encapsulated cells or cocci of gram-positve. In conclusion, the point-of-end area in distribution systems shows the longer flow distance from water treatment plants, the greater diversity and higher level of heterotrophic bacteria due to the significant decay of free chlorine residuals.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.33-56
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• 1992

The objectives of this research are (i) to review the functional and financial distribution of public health adminstration between central and local governments, (ii) to find out, based on economic criteria, optimal distribution required to fullfil local need for public health, and finally, (iii) to suggest policy implications in health area in face of the newly arising local autonomy system in Korea. Judging from data on government expenditures and tax revenues, public health administration in Korea is highly concentrated into central government, both functionlally and financially. High dependency of public health on central government has often been critisized that local residents can not participate in the decision making process for local health problems. This study, however, shows that localization of public health administration does not necessarily result in efficient and equitable allocation of resource to satisfy local demand for public health. From this point of view, two eccnomic criteria are suggested, i.e. external effect and economies of scle, as distributive criteria of roles in public health administration between local and central government. In addition, superiority of central concentration of public health administration to localization is emphasized in that public health in a wide sense contains the nature of public good and is part of compulsory socil security system. As a consequence, planned intervention by government is desirable.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 1999

Occurrences of foodborne disease outbreaks are increasing in Korea. Among the outbreaks, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the most important organisms and meat and meat product the major sources of infection. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system is a process control system designed to identify and prevent microbial and other hazards in food production. It is considered to be the best process management system by the National Advisory Committee for Microbiological Criteria for Foods, the National Academy of Science, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare established a legal basis for the implementation of the HACCP system in Article 32-2 (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) of the Food Sanitation Act in December 1995. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has granted research funds for the development of this model system for application to traditional food products and processed fishery products as well as to raw meats. Implementation of the HACCP system is an important step and the Korean food industry and the Government are focused on ensuring food safety in Korea.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2018

In order to increase the accessibility of dental care for people with disabilities, National Health Insurance Service has implemented an additional point system of National Dental Insurance for dental treatment of patients with a special health care need (AID). The purpose of this study is to investigate the types and status of AID in Korea using data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2011 to 2017. The basic consultation fee is increased by 9.03 points (713 won) for brain disorder, intellectual disability, mental disability, or autistic disorder. From 2011 to 2015, the number of claims with a basic consultation fee increased from 90,456 to 141,179. Dental treatment and surgical treatment fee is increased by 100% of the defined insurance score for each of the 15 items. During the five years from 2012 to 2016, the number and amount of claims for each item increased steadily. Of the total claims for 5 years, endodontic treatment was highest, with 107,477 cases, followed by 51,641 cases of scaling. There are two types of dental safety observation fee, simple and complex. The simple safety observation fee is 10,370 won per day, and the complex safety observation fee is 20,750 won per day. Dental safety observation fees were charged 34 times in 2015, 14 times in 2016, and 41 times through May 2017. From 2011 to 2017, the number and amount of claims using AID for dental care for people with disabilities increased. However, considering that the number of registered dental users with disability was about 560,000 in 2016, the number of claims using AID is 1-20,000, which is less than 2% of registered dental users with disability. Therefore, it is necessary to expand dental services for people with disabilities including AID.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

The flash point of liquid solution is one of the most important flammability properties that used in hazard and risk assessments. Minimum flash point behaviour (MFPB) is showed when the flash point of a liquid mixture is below the flash points of the individual components. In this paper, the lower flash points for the flammable binary system, n-decane+n-octanol, were measured by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. This binary mixture exhibited MFPB. The measured flash points were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law and the optimization method using van Laar and UNIQUAC equations. The optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law, and successfully estimated MFPB. The opimization method based on the van Laar equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the UNIQUAC.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.11-24
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide comprehensive measures for the development of public health care through a survey on consumers' awareness of health care use from the point of view of local residents. Research design, data and methodology: For about one week from January 07 to January 14, 2021, questionnaires were distributed to 800 local residents and analyzed. For statistical analysis of collected data, frequency analysis and cross-analysis were performed. Results: Regarding public health service, 'providing medical services that can be used by all citizens and protect and promote health' had the highest response rate of 95.2% of total respondents. Regarding health care system satisfaction, 'Accessibility to general treatment' had the highest score with an average of 3.31 points. Regarding comprehensive measures for the development of public health care, 'Establishment of an infection and patient safety system' had the highest score with an average of 3.91 points. Conclusions: The direction of public health care and services should include management of infectious diseases during national disasters, reduction of gaps in medical use by region and class, improvement of access to emergency medical care, and quality improvement of specialized medical care.