• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

Background and Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps with brain development analysis and disease diagnosis. Brain volumes measured from different ages using MRI provides useful information in clinical evaluation and research. Therefore, we trained machine learning models that predict the brain age gap of healthy subjects in the East Asian population using T1 brain MRI volume images. Methods: In total, 154 T1-weighted MRIs of healthy subjects (55-83 years of age) were collected from an East Asian community. The information of age, gender, and education level was collected for each participant. The MRIs of the participants were preprocessed using FreeSurfer(https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/) to collect the brain volume data. We trained the models using different supervised machine learning regression algorithms from the scikit-learn (https://scikit-learn.org/) library. Results: The trained models comprised 19 features that had been reduced from 55 brain volume labels. The algorithm BayesianRidge (BR) achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) and r squared (R²) of 3 and 0.3 years, respectively, in predicting the age of the new subjects compared to other regression methods. The results of feature importance analysis showed that the right pallidum, white matter hypointensities on T1-MRI scans, and left hippocampus comprise some of the essential features in predicting brain age. Conclusions: The MAE and R² accuracies of the BR model predicting brain age gap in the East Asian population showed that the model could reduce the dimensionality of neuroimaging data to provide a meaningful biomarker for individual brain aging.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

This study attempted to survey the present status of the eight students who, 17 years from now, had participated in a special program for 170 days preparing for early entrance to the KAIST. With six students who responded to the questionnaire previously sent, the study focused on each participant's achievement at present, his evaluation on Accelerated Education, his personal opinions on early entrance to university and Gifted Science Education. From the survey, we could find out that three participants had received a doctorate and they are currently working as researchers at research center or professors at university. The other three participants are working as researchers at research center after receiving the M. S. Academic achievements vary according to each participant, but three of them, who ranked high in research achievement, had their articles published in international journals of the SCI level even when they were between 25 and 28 of age. Two of them in particular showed outstanding engineering and developing the commercial modem for IMT 2000 for the first time in Korea. One participant entered Harvard University to major in physics and afterwards studied the law in UCLA. He is now a professor in the law department. Concerning the evaluations on Accelerated Education and early entrance system, four participants answered positively while two participants expressed negative attitudes. When asked their opinions on the Gifted Education in Korea, such problems were pointed out as too much pressure of entering the first-class universities, the tendency to avoid choosing science-related major at universities, the lack of education system that encourages creative thinking, etc. It is necessary that the accelerated education play an important role to maximize their hidden potentials. It remains to be seen in what places these six participants will find themselves and of what ideas they will come up within the next 17 years. It will be worthwhile to wait until then for another survey.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.115-127
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• 2009

Objectives: To compare alcohol secondhand effects among US and Korean students. Methods: Nationally representative 4-year colleges of two countries were involved in this cross-national comparison study. Data from the 2001 U.S. College Alcohol Study and the 2003 Korean College Alcohol Study came from 120 colleges in 38 U.S. states and the District of Columbia and 60 colleges in Korea. Randomly selected 4-year college students from the U.S. (10,924) and Korea (2,385) participated in the study using self-reports of alcohol use and perceptions of drinking as assessed by College Alcohol Study questionnaires. Results: Korean students were tend to more likely to have being a victim of sexual assault or date rape, having to take care of drunken students and finding vomit in the hall or bathroom of residence, than US students, while US students were tend to more likely to have being insulted or humiliated, having a serious argument and quarrel, being pushed, hit, or assaulted, having study/sleep interrupted, and experiencing an unwanted sexual advance than Korean students. Conclusion: In general, US students were more likely to suffer interrelationship problems after drinking while Korean students were more likely to have physical and individual drinking related problems.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to compare antioxidant activity of Cuscutae Semen, Psoraleae Fructus, Cnidii Fructus and Epimedii Herba by DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extract was studied using diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for DPPH method. DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured after. .10, 20 and 30 minutes. The extract was tested by 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical with time-dependent manner. Also, the extract showed dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extract of Cuscutae Semen, Psoraleae Fructus, Cnidii Fructus and Epimedii Herba scavenged DPPH radical with the IC50 being 2.7, 3.2, 2.9 and 1.1 mg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the extract of Epimedii Herba, Cuscutae Semen, Cnidii Fructus and Psoraleae Fructus have antioxidant activity for the treatment of male sterility.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2019

This paper examines the background and content of Thomas Jefferson's botanical garden plan for the University of Virginia. When Jefferson promoted the establishment of a botanical garden, European botanical gardens were evolving from physic gardens, and American botanical gardens were in their infancy. Accordingly, this paper compares the Botanical Garden Plan for the University of Virginia with contemporary botanical gardens. This is examined by outlining the trends of botanical gardens in Europe and the United States around the nineteenth century, analyzing their function and spatial structure. Also, Jefferson's perspective on botany, his plan, and botanical gardens are reviewed. This study found that Jefferson's project had its background in the social recognition of the importance of botany as a practical science, advancing the national economy, which was a prominent goal in late eighteenth-century Europe, and in developing networks of exchanging plants and information concerning botany and botanical gardens. Based on the botanist Correia's opinion on the role of a public botanical garden, the Botanical Garden Plan for the University of Virginia was developed by Jefferson as an action plan, including its site creation, space organization, and supplying of plants. Compared to the other contemporary botanical gardens, the University of Virginia's Botanical Garden Plan has the following characteristics. First, like European gardens in the late eighteenth century, it evolved from being a physic garden to a botanical one. As such, it emphasized botanical research and education over medicine, creating a tree garden and a plant garden. Second, it differed from many European and American botanical gardens in that it rejected decorative elements, refused to install a greenhouse, and attempted to spread practical overseas plants suitable to the local climate. This study contributes to broadening the history of botanical gardens at the turn of the nineteenth century.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.509-518
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and the prevalence of colorectal cancer in Korean adults. A cross sectional analysis was performed using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005 to 2014). Total number of subjects were 10,564 adults aged over 19 years. The results showed that individuals in the highest quartile of RHR had a significantly higher prevalence of colorectal cancer (Odds ratio (OR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-3.85 to OR 3.00, 95%CI: 1.30-6.92) compared to those in the lowest quartile. Futhermore, every 10 beat per minutes (bpm) increase in RHR was associated with 27% (95%CI: 1.03-1.58) increased prevalence of colorectal cancer. In addition, after stratification by age and gender, the result showed that older people (>65 years) in the highest quartile of RHR had a significantly higher prevalence of colorectal cancer compared to those who were in the lowest quartile of RHR. (male OR 3.19, 95%CI: 1.10-9.24 to OR 3.38, 95%CI: 1.18-9.73; female OR 2.90, 95%CI: 1.13-7.42 to OR 5.59, 95%CI: 1.20-25.99). In this study, we examined the feasibility of RHR as a predictive factor of colorectal cancer prevalence. Moreover, we found that RHR was closely related to the prevalence of colorectal cancer in the age of over 65 years.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.649-658
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify the difference in health and obesity according to water and coffee intake. The study subject is 900 female college students. Physical fitness factors measured in this study were physical strength(grip strength, back muscle strength), muscle endurance (sit-up), Flexibility(Sit & reach) and cardiopulmonary endurance(harvard step). The factors of body composition (intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, mineral, body water content, muscle mass, lean body mass, body fat mass) and obesity (BMI, body fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage, obesity) were measured with the Inbody equipment. SPSS program was used for all data analysis. Group differences were verified by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. There was no interaction effect between water and coffee intake on health and obesity. Therefore, the difference of the dependent variables according to each independent variable was verified. There was no significant difference in physical fitness according to water intake and coffee intake, but there was a significant difference in body composition (intracellular fluid, protein, minerals, body water, muscle mass and lean body mass). Water drinking group more than 7 cups had significantly higher body composition than the 1-4 cups water drinking group. In the case of coffee, the body composition of the 3 cup intake group was significantly higher than that of the none intake group. Obesity was significantly higher than the none intake and 1-2 cup intake groups. Based on the study results, water intake was not related to obesity, but coffee was related. For further studies, it would be better to consider gender and age differences in drinking various beverages such as water and coffee and that would be used to suggest a desirable way of water intake according to individual characteristics of the better health.