• 정신신체의학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

서론 : 긍정적 사고는 수행능력에 많은 영향을 끼친다. 기질적 특성 중 위험 회피는 불안과 관련된 행동에 많은 영향을 끼친다. 여러 종목의 스포츠 중, 골프 선수는 다른 종목의 선수에 비해 높은 불안 수준과 낮은 위험회피기질을 보이고 있다. 따라서, 골프선수에서 긍정적 보상과 강화가 불안을 감소시키며 인간 행동 수행능력을 향상시키는 것을 알아보았다. 방법 : 15~19세의 51명의 골프 선수 중, 25명은 Zinsser의 긍정적 사고전환을 응용한 레슨과 Beswick가 제시한 긍정적 자기 말을 사용하였다(P-FB), 26명은 일반적 훈련 법을 따랐다. 위험회피(Harm avoidance), Spielberg's Trait and State Anxiety, 골프점수(드라이브 거리 및 OB 횟수, 아연 샷 횟수, 퍼팅 횟수) 등을 훈련법 전과 6개월 뒤에 조사하였다. 결과 : 훈련 법 전에 조사한 위험회피, 불안 수준, 그리고 골프점수에서는 두 그룹에서 차이가 없었다. 6개월 뒤, 양군 모두에서 전반적 골프점수는 향상을 보였다. 하지만 P-FB 군이 대조군에 비해 종합 점수와 퍼팅 횟수가 더욱 감소하였다. P-FB 군이 상태불안(State Anxiety)의 감소를 보인 반면 대조군에서는 상태불안의 변화가 없었다. P-FB 군에서 위험회피 점수는 상태불안과, 상태불안은 종합점수의 감소와 관련이 있었다. 결론 : 긍정적 보상과 강화는 행동 수행 능력과 상태불안을 향상시키며, 행동 수행 능력과 불안의 향상은 높은 위험 회피의 기질적 특성을 가지고 있는 골프선수에게 특히 도움이 되었다. 본 연구는 높은 위험회피를 가지고 있는 사람에서 긍정적 사고를 통한 불안의 조절이 수행능력의 향상에 직접적 도움이 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 위험회피 기질을 가진 대학생들이 우울에 취약하다는 점을 확인하면서 그 과정에 정서표현 양가성과 고통 감내력이 매개변인으로서 영향을 미친다는 점을 검증해보는 데 목적이 있다. 403명의 대학생들을 대상으로 TCI-RS, AEQ-K, DTS, CES-D를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 위험회피 기질과 정서표현 양가성은 우울과 유의한 정적 상관을, 고통 감내력과는 부적 상관을 보였다. 또한, 정서표현 양가성과 고통 감내력은 위험회피 기질을 순차적으로 매개하여 우울에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 기질적 특성뿐만 아니라 심리사회적 요인이 복합적으로 우울에 영향을 미치고 있음을 시사한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2014

Objectives Circadian rhythms have been known to have associations with psychiatric disorders and personality traits. The present study investigated the relationships between circadian typology and temperaments/characters in a non-clinical Korean population. Methods Two hundred six healthy Korean college students (male 109, female 97) participated in this study. The subjects completed the Composite Scale of Morningness for circadian typology and 140-item Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short version (TCI-RS). Results Multivariate analyses of covariance showed a significant association between chronotypes and temperamental dimensions of the TCI-RS. Morning types were significantly associated with lower harm avoidance and higher persistence and self-directedness dimensions, compared to evening types and intermediate types. No interaction effects between sex and chronotypes were shown for temperamental dimensions. Conclusions The present findings suggest that high persistence and self-directedness characters are related to morning types and high harm avoidance temperament is more related to evening types.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.273-287
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• 2017

This study was conducted to explore the effects of novelty seeking temperament and harm avoidance temperament on school adjustment in middle school students and to investigate the mediating effects of emotional regulation on the relationship between temperament and school adjustment. A survey was conducted on a random sample of 672 middle school students. Data were analyzed using PASW ver. 18.0 and AMOS ver. 18.0 to carry out descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and the structural equation model. The main results of analysis could be summarized as follows. First, novelty seeking temperament and harm avoidance temperament had a negative influence upon school adjustment in middle school students. Second, emotional regulation had a positive influence upon school adjustment in middle school students. Third, temperament acted as a partial mediator for emotional regulation affecting school adjustment in middle school students. The study contributes to the literature by providing fundamental insights into school adjustment in middle school students.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was investigated that correlation between Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI) and Beck Depression Inventory (EDI). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) in traffic accident patients. Methods: We investigated 30 cases of traffic accident patients. The patients answered that questionnaire about temperament. character and depression. anxiety. TCI and BDI. STAI were used to get to know that answers. Results: Depression is positive correlated with novelty seeking and harm avoidance in temperament. In character. depression is negative correlated with self directedness, and positive correlated with self-transcendence. Anxiety is positive correlated with harm avoidance in temperament. and negative correlated with self directedness. Conclusions : The results of correlation between TCI and BD I. STAI in traffic accident patients were consistent with previous studies in general person.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.803-815
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to increase our understanding of subjective well-being in adolescents and to help improve it by investigating the relationship among adolescents' temperaments, perceived parenting affective attitude and subjective well-being. For this study, the subjects were 354 students from 4 different middle schools in Gwang-ju, Korea. The statistical analysis of the data was conducted by means of the SPSS 21.0 program using Pearson's correlations and hierarchical regression. The results are as follows: First, the temperament and perceived parenting affective attitude were correlated with subjective well-being. Among the temperament traits, novelty seeking and harm avoidance showed negative correlations with subjective well-being, whereas affection, reward dependence and persistence showed positive correlations with subjective well-being. Second, after the mediating effect of perceived affection on subjective well-being was confirmed, three temperament traits, viz. harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence, were identified as mediating factors. The conclusion of this study is that adolescents' temperament and perceived parenting affective attitude are related to their subjective well-being and can also predict their subjective well-being. Harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence, which are inborn temperaments, affect subjective well-being. Affection, which is a perceived parenting affective attitude trait, affects subjective well-being as a mediation variable. This study also suggests that it is more effective to influence perceived parenting affective attitude, which has growth potential, rather than temperaments which are hard to change.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between mother's and child's temper and parenting stress. Methods : One hundred twenty healthy mothers (above 20 yrs old) who has a school-aged child (7-11 yrs old) participated after informed consent. The temperament of the children was analyzed by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 7-11 (JTCI 7-11) by their mothers. The temperament of the mothers was analyzed by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short (TCI-RS) and the mother's parenting stress was analyzed by the Korean Parenting Stress Index (K-PSI). The relationships between mothers' and child's temperament and parenting stress were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression test. Results : There were significant correlations between maternal temperaments and child's temperaments and maternal parenting stress. There was a positive correlation between mother's harm avoidance characteristic, child's novelty seeking degree and parenting stress. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between child's persistence and parenting stress. In addition, interactions between child and mother temperament dimensions predicted higher levels of parenting stress. Parenting stress was higher in the group of high mother's harm avoidance with child's high novelty seeking and high mother's harm avoidance with low child's persistence. Conclusions : These results are showing that there are significant relationships between mother and child temperament and parenting stress in mothers with school-aged children.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the effectiveness of Brief Qigong-based Stress Reduction Program(BQSRP) and personality. Methods : Twenty nine women and nine men from the community with symptoms of distress(mean age 39.4 years, SD=11.4) were randomized into a group receiving a 4-week intervention of BQSRP(n=19) or a waiting-list control group. All subjects completed the temperament and character inventory (TCI) before the intervention. Before and after the intervention period, questionnaires were completed on perceived stress scale(PSS), anxiety, and quality of life. Results : 1. Those who have higher temperament of harm avoidance or lower character of self-directedness showed higher PSS, Hwa-Byung character, Hwa-Byung symptom, STAI and lower WHOQOL-BREF scores. 2. In the BQSRP training group, a correlation analysis demonstrated an association between higher temperament of harm avoidance and greater improvement of perceived stress and an association between lower character of self-directedness and greater improvement of perceived stress. 3. Those who have high Hwa-Byung symptom scores prefer the breathing meditation and there were no differences in effects of BQSRP group by the preference Brief Qigong-based Meditation(BQM) component. Conclusions : These results suggest that a BQSRP training may be effective for those with higher harm avoidance trait and low self-directedness.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

Objectives : Increasing evidence suggests the presence of neurobiological bases for temperamental characteristics in humans. Brain correlates of harm avoidance(HA) have been most extensively studied using functional and structural brain imaging methods due to its potential link with anxiety and depressive disorders. To date, however, we are not aware of any reports that have examined the potential relationship between HA levels and regional cortical thickness. The aim of the current study is to examine the cortical thickness which is associated with HA temperament in healthy young subjects. Methods : Twenty-eight young, healthy individuals(13 men and 15 women, mean age, $29.4{\pm}6.3$ years) were screened for eligibility and administered the Korean version of the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Results : HA was associated with cortical thickness in the right superior frontal cortex and in the left parietal cortex, adjusted for age and sex and corrected for multiple comparisons using the permutation testing method. Conclusion : Individual temperamental differences in HA are associated with structural variations in specific areas of the brain. The fact that these brain regions are involved in top-down modulations of subcortical fear reactions adds functional significance to current findings.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

Objectives: The combination of Harm-Avoidance (HA) and Self-Directedness (SD) of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) has been reported pivotal for mental health; however its clinical usefulness in integrative medicine has not sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study was to illustrate multi-phasic mental health of subjective satisfaction with life, emotional well-being, and psychopathology, following the HA-SD profile groups. Methods: A total of 527 Korean university students reported HA and SD scores as to render their HA-SD profile, and multi-phasic mental health characteristics using Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with composite well-being scales of SC (Sum of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness score) and HI (Happiness Index, subtraction of Negative Affect (NA) score from Positive Affect (PA) score) as standardized. Pearson's correlation was used to report correlation coefficient, and the ANCOVA with age and sex as covariates, to show significant differences in mental health and well-being between the HA-SD profile groups. Results: The HA-SD profile groups showed distinctive multi-phasic mental health characteristics; health related scores of SWLS, PA, SC and HI decreased following the order of hS (low HA and high SD), HS (high HA and high SD), hs (low HA and low SD) and Hs (high HA and low SD) profile groups; however the non-health related scores of NA and BDI showed contrasting order. Conclusions: The HA-SD profile was found to be clinically useful for examining multi-phasic mental health and well-being status, and the TCI may be an imperative personality inventory for integrative medicine.