• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.684-689
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• 2019

Single crystals, which have complexed composition, are fabricated by solid state grain growth. However, it is hard to achieve stable properties in a single crystal due to trapped pores. Aerosol deposition (AD) is suitable for fabrication of single crystals with stable properties because this process can make a high density coating layer. Because of their unique features (nano sized grains, stress inner site), it is hard to fabricate single crystals, and so studies of grain growth behavior of AD film are essential. In this study, a $BaTiO_3$ coating layer with ${\sim}9{\mu}m$ thickness is fabricated using an aerosol deposition method on (100) and (110) cut $SrTiO_3$ single crystal substrates, which are adopted as seeds for grain growth. Each specimen is heat-treated at various conditions (900, 1,100, and $1,300^{\circ}C$ for 5 h). $BaTiO_3$ layer shows different growth behavior and X-ray diffraction depending on cutting direction of $SrTiO_3$ seed. Rectangular pillars at $SrTiO_3$ (100) and laminating thin plates at $SrTiO_3$ (110), respectively, are observed.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.298-298
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• 2022

Milling is an important process that determines the quality of flour and is affected by milling machine type, scale, and tempering conditions. In addition, seed hardness is an important factor in determining the amount of tempering water and has been reported to affects flour yield and flour quality. There are reports that vitreousity is used as a measure to distinguish between soft and hard seeds, and the higher the vitreousity, the higher the protein contents. However, there is no established system for measuring viterousity of seeds and studies on the vitreousity and quality characteristics of flour are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, vitreousity, hardness, and milling characteristics were evaluated for 46 major domestic varieties, and their relationship was confirmed. After cutting the seeds using a seed cutter, vitreousity was measured, and seed hardness and flour particle size was measured using SKCS and PSI, respectively. As for the seed hardness index, 'Joa' was the lowest with 11.6, 'Yeonbaek' was the highest with 78.7. As for the milling yield, 'Saeol' had the lowest at 58.1%, and 'Hcjoong' had the highest at 88.6%. Seed hardness index and wheat flour production showed a high positively correlation, showing a similar to that of previous studies. Also, in flour particle size, 'Gobun' was the largest at 75.5 pm, and 'Joa' was the smallest at 43.1 um. Flour yield and flour particle size showed a high positively correlation. As a result of vitreousity, 'Hwangeumal' (55.2%), 'Saekeumkang' (59.1%), 'Baekkang' (52.3%), 'Goso' (44.6%), and 'Joa' (19.2%) were showed. Seed hardness and vitreousity showed a high positively correlation. Also as the vitreousity increased, the flour yield also showed a tendency to increase. In addition, as the seed hardness increased, particle size of the flour yield also showed a tendency to increase. It is thought that this result can be used as a measure to determine the quality of flour with vitreousity. However, further analysis of wheat varieties and methods of analyzing vitreousity are needed.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2004

두류품종의 먹이조합에 따른 톱다리개미허리노린재의 약충발육, 성충수명 및 산란에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 약충기간은 20-28일로 장유콩(새알콩), 장유콩＋강낭콩 및 장유콩＋땅콩의 조합에서 가장 많았으며, 강낭콩에서 가장 길었다. 영기별 발육기간은 1령에서 2.4-2.5일, 2령에서 4.0-5.1일, 3령에서 4.2-6.0일, 4령에서 4.4-6.9일 그리고 5령에서 5.3-7.3일로 영기가 증가할수록 길어졌으며, 1령을 제외한 타령기에서 발육기간은 먹이조합에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 우화율은 3.5-65%로 먹이조합에 따라 현저한 차이가 있었는데, 장유콩＋땅콩에서 65%로 가장 높았으며, 강낭콩에서 3.5%로 가장 낮았다. 약충사망율은 먹이조합에 관계없이 1령에서 가장 높았다. 성충수명은 5.5-11.2일로 장유콩＋땅콩에서 가장 길었으며, 강낭콩＋땅콩에서 가장 짧았고, 장유콩, 강낭콩, 땅콩 및 장유콩＋강낭콩에서 8.0-8.4일로 먹이에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 총 산란수는 1.0-20.0개로 전체적으로 산란수가 매우 낮았으나, 장유콩＋땅콩＞장유콩＞딴콩＞장유콩＋강낭콩＞강방콩＞강낭콩＋땅콩의 순으로 많았다. 따라서 두류품종의 종자를 이용한 톱다리개미허리노린재의 사육은 장유콩＋땅콩 조합에서 가장 좋았으며, 다음은 장유콩이였다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to find difficulty levels of LEED credits in each LEED level based on credits achievement in order to find important of LEED-HC credits to gain LEED-HC. Methods: The individual credits of LEED-HC v.2009 scorecards from USGBC website are analyzed. With achieved scores rate of LEED credits per each Level, all credits are reassembled in 4 different ranges (A~D); easy (A), easy-moderate (B), moderate-hard (C) and hard (D) to achieve scores. Results: 1) Achieved point rate in LEED-HC specific credits are low. These credits need to be reviewed carefully. 2) In 88 projects, 37 projects are gained Silver level which is more than projects in certification level. In order to encourage to gain LEED-HC level, Average Achieved rate to earn Certificate level needs to be risen. 3) Credits in range D rarely affect to gain platinum level. EAc1 (24 points) are critical to gain Silver and Gold level. However, EAc1 points are not effective to achieve Certificate level. Implications: This research will provide a fundamental back data to set up Korean Green building rating system for Healthcare.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2021

Saengcheonggukjang, known as Natto in Japan, is a soybean fermented food which is made from steamed soybean, Bacillus and water. Demand of Saengcheonggukjang has increased because it does not have much smell compared to Cheonggukjang. Seven varieties of Saengcheonggukjang were investigated and compared in terms of 100 seed weight, quality characteristics, hard seed rate, and water absorption rate in order to determine the suitability of Korean soybeans. In addition, each characteristic of Saengcheonggukjang was compared. 'Hoseo' and 'Haewon' showed low 100 seed weight with 8.41 g and 8.11 g, respectively. The water absorption rate was higher in 'Hoseo' and 'Pungwon' than in Japan varieties. The yield of Saengcheonggukjang was significantly different for each variety. No differences were observed in yield and hardness of Saengcheonggukjang with respect to the varieties and sowing date. 'Haewon' showed the highest amino nitrogen content with 575.0 mg%. Viscous material content did not appear to differ between varieties. These results suggested that 'Hoseo' and 'Haewon' can be considered as suitable candidates for yield and quality of Saengcheonggukjang compared to Japan varieties.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the germination rates and ground coverage rates of the 16 native wild flower, herbaceous, shrub and woody plants according to temperature and seeding timing for the revegetation and rehabilitation of the roadside slopes. Also, this study was conducted to suggest design criteria to select revegetation plants and to decide proper seed mixture for ecological restoration of the disturbed manmade slopes as a environmentally friendly construction. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Most of the plants germinated after 10~14 days. Woody plants germinated more slowly than wild flowers and herbaceous plants because of the hard seed. 2. Most of the plants showed the highest percentage of the germination rates under $15/25^{\circ}C$ temperature. The next was in order of under the $20/30^{\circ}C$ temperature, normal temperature(October) and $25/35^{\circ}C$ temperature. 3. At the chamber experiment, the Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila showed the highest germination rates. Most of the native wild flowers germinated well and showed high germination rates under the various temperature. 4. As the field germination experiments, the seeding at August shows higher germination rates than that of the seeding at September, but showed lower surviving percentage of the germinated seedlings and lower ground coverage percentage than those of the seeding at September. After one year, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, Albizzia julibrissin are germinated and showed 10% coverage rates. So, they can be used as revegetation plants for the restoration works. 5. As seed mixture experiment, it was not effective only to increase the proportion of the ratio of the tree seeds, relatively high price, for making woody vegetation. It would be more successful to make vegetation structure by natural competition among wild flowers, shrubs and trees. 6. The excessive dominance of trees in revegetation works may destroy the lower layer of vegetation and it will be undesirable on the species diversity. It is more important to recover the species diversity of the plant community by seed mixture with the considering the germination, the growth characteristics and the correlation effect among revegetation plants. 7. To recover the manmade slopes quickly, increasing the ratio of the wild flower was recommended.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.580-585
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• 2006

본 연구는 경립종자로서 종피가 단단하고 두꺼워 발아시 어려움이 있는 회화나무 종자를 여러 가지 전처리를 통해 발아율 및 발아지수를 향상시키고자 실시하였다. 종피 파상처리로서 황산 30, 60, 90% 용액에 30분간 침지하였고, 종자의 유근 반대편 부위를 1/8, 2/8, 3/8씩 절단하였다. 또한 종자를 젖은 수건에 싸서 밀봉 후 $4^{\circ}C$ 저온고에 각각 3, 5, 10일간 보관하였으며, $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ 뜨거운 물에 각각 2, 5, 10분간 침지하였다. 전처리된 종자는 각각 다른 발아특성을 나타내었다. 황산 처리된 종자는 발아율 및 발아지수에서 무처리구 보다 높게 나타났다. 특히, 황산 90%처리에서 가장 높은 효과를 보여주었다. 종자 절단 처리에서는 절단 길이가 늘어날수록 발아율 및 발아지수가 감소하였으며 종자의 냉층적 처리에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.258). 열탕 처리시 2분 침지 종자는 무처리 종자보다 발아율 및 발아지수가 낮게 나타났으며 5, 10분 침지 종자는 발아하지 않았다. 전처리가 종자 발아뿐만 아니라 유묘활력에도 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 전처리 종자로부터 생장한 유묘를 대상으로 상대생장율 및 T/R율을 조사한 결과 황산 90% 처리구의 유묘에서 가장 뛰어난 수고 및 근원경의 상대생장율과 T/R율을 관찰 할수 있었다. 위의 결과로서 황산 90% 용액에 30분간 침지처리를 했을 때 회화나무 종자의 발아율, 발아지수를 비롯한 유묘의 상대생장율 및 T/R율이 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 1995

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 잔대(沙蔘) 종자(種子)의 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하고 아울러 1993년에 채종(採種)한 종자(種子)를 재료(材料)로 하여 저온습윤(低溫濕潤), 고온(高溫) 및 Gibberellin 처리(處理)를 한 후 발아기간중(發芽期間中)의 명(明) 암조건(暗條件)과 발아온도(發芽溫度)을 구명(究明)하여 잔대종자(種字)의 발아율(發芽率) 향상(向上)을 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 활용코자 수행(遂行)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종자(種子)의 종피(種皮)는 개화후(開花後) 30일에는 하얀색으로, 누르면 물렁거리는 상태(狀態)이었으나 40일경 부터는 종자(種子)가 갈색(褐色)을 띠면서 딱딱하였다. 2. 종자(種子)의 1,000입중(粒重)은 개화후(開花後) 40일에는 247mg이었으나 개화후(開花後) 50일에는 268mg으로 최대치에 달했으며 개화후(開花後) 60일에는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 종자(種子) 발아율(發芽率)은 무처리(無處理) 40%에 비(比)하여 $0^{\circ}C$의 저온(低溫)에 7일간 습윤처리(濕潤處理)하였을때 88.3%, Gibberellin 100ppm 24시간 침윤처리(浸潤處理)하였을때 96.7%로 발아가 가장 양호(良好)하였다. 4. 잔대 종자(種子)는 암조건(暗條件)에서는 전혀 발아(發芽)되지 않고 명조건(明條件)에서 발아(發芽)가 잘 되었으나 Gibberellin 100ppm에 침지처리(浸漬處理)하면 암조건(暗條件)에서도 80% 발아(發芽)되었다. 5. 잔대 발아온도(發芽溫度)은 $25^{\circ}C$ 내외(內外)이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 1988

콩종피의 구조적 특성을 전자현미경과 광학 현미경으로 각기 관찰하였고 발아초기 수분흡수 단계에큰 가수분해효소의 활성, 배출 경로와 이에 대한 GA$_3$의 생리적 영향을 구명하고자 본 실험이 수행되었으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 콩종피는 크게 세층으로 구성되어 있으며 제일 안쪽에 호분층세포가 1열로 배열되어 있는 것을 보리에서와 같이 여러 층의 복합층으로 구성되어 있는 것과는 다른 구조적 특성을 보였고 이러한 특성이 품종간에 차이가 있는지에 대해서는 본 실험에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 2. 콩종피의 일부인 제의 중앙부위는 수분 및 가스의 흡수와 배출이 용이하도록 많은 망사로 구성되어 있었으며 이러한 구조적 특성이 hard seed에 대해서는 어떠한가에 대해 본 실험에서는 구명되지 못했으나 앞으로 이 분야에 대해서 보다 진전된 연구가 필요하다고 사료뒨다. 3. 콩종피를 증류수에 침지하여 Acid phosphatase의 활성변화를 측정한 결과 침지시간이 경과함에 따라 효소활성이 증가하는 경향을 보였고 이러한 활성의 차이가 품종간에는 유의성이 없었지만 단엽콩이 황금콩보다 다소 높은 경향이였다. 실제로 단엽콩이 황금콩보다 발아력이 높은 원인이 이러한 가수분해 효소의 활성차이에 있지 않을까 추정된다. 4. GA$_3$를 첨가하지 않은 배양처리에서 Acid phosphatase의 활성은 6시간부터 12시간까지는 호분세포 밖으로 배출된 것과 호분세포내에 남아 있는 것과는 거의 차이가 없이 같았으나 12시간이후부터 차이가 나타났고 18시간 배양처리에서 가장 효소의 활성이 높았다. 또한 배출된 효소의 활성양이 점차적으로 증가한 것은 호분층세포의 팽압이 증가함으로서 수동적 확산작용때물인 것으로 사료된다. 5. GA$_3$를 첨가한 배양처리에서 Acid phosphatase는 24시간 이후부터 호분층세포 밖으로 크게 배출되어 나왔고 반면 18시간 이후부터 호분층 세포내에 축적되어 있는 Acid phosphatase는 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 초기 콩종자의 발아단계에서 GA$_3$의 역할은 종피의 호분세포막을 분해시켜 효소가 세포막을 뚫고 배출이 용역하게 하는 역할을 하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2000

Autotetraploid 'Sawonppong 26'was induced by dropping clochicine solution in growing point of Keomseolppong which is of high rootability and some agronomic charactelistics are as follows. Sawonppong 26 is a tetraploid of Keomseolppong with 56 of the chromosome number. Its fertlization percent was 59.4% and the germination percent of sank seed was normal. Sugar degree of mulberry fruit was 13.3% and total acidity was 0.69%. Single fruit weight of Sawonppong 26 was increased by 79%, as compared to that of Keomseolppong. Even though percent of survival of hard wood cutting was 94%, number of rootings was less and diameter of root was slender, it is expectedly a promising variety to be used for a breeding parent from the aspect of rootability.