• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2001

To identify an antioxidant system, Se and Vit. E were administered into Hanwoo young sire and the effects of administration on blood components(Se, Vit. E, chemical values, estradiol-17 $\beta$, testosterone) were examined. The 16 heads ranging from twenty to thirty two months of age were randomly assigned to control group, Se-administered group(Se-group), Vit. E-administered group(Vit. E-group) and Se and Vit. E administered group(Se and Vit. E-group). Each reagent (Se : 0.1 mg, Vit. E . 1,500IU, Se+vit. E : 0.1 mg+1,500IU per kg of body weight, respectively) administered 3 times every 30days by intramuscular injection. Se concentration in serum was higher in Se-group and Se and Vit. E-group than in control group and Se and Vit. E-group also was higher than Vit. E-group(p<0.05). Although all Se-, Vit. E-administered groups were a little higher than control group, the injection of Se and Vit. E were not significant effect on Vit. E concentration in serum(p>0.05). All groups showed significant variance by periods, but there were not significantly different among groups in blood chemical values. The estradiol-17 $\beta$ concentrations of all Se-, Vit. E-administered groups were a little higher than those of control group, but there were not significant(p>0.05). There have no significant difference among groups in testosterone concentration. These results indicate that the administration of Se, Se + Vit. E increase Se concentration in Hanwoo young bull.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

This study was performed to identify and analyze the specifically expressed plasma proteins during early pregnancy in both pregnant and non-pregnant Hanwoo. Blood samples were collected at 0 (the day of AI), 2, 3, 4, 7, and 11 weeks after AI from pregnant (n=3) and non-pregnant (n=4) Hanwoo, respectively. The hematological parameters were measured. After 2-dimensional electrophoresis using serum, normalized protein spots were selected for the significant expression variation deviated over two fold in its expression level between two groups. Among 17 spots selected, 15 were identified as albumin, IgG1 heavy chain constant region, haptoglobin, ferrochelatase, fibrinogen, hemopexin. 5 spots were expressed only in non-pregnant specific. The spot identification of 1105 and 6106 was decreased after 3 weeks from AI. However, 2/17 spots were still unidentified. Further studies are needed to analyze the function of the proteins associated with early pregnancy.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal artificial insemination (AI) time with diagnostic kit at ovulation time. We already applied the patent about the protein in the cow heat mucose in external reproductive tract. And we would examine the accuracy for detection of cow heat by the kit produced with the protein. Evaluation of optimal heat detection was tried two time at 12 hrs and 24 hrs after the heat. And then, AI service also performed two times with no relation to the results of heat diagnosis by heat detection kit and pregnancy rates were checked with rectal palpation on $60^{th}$ day after AI. Heat diagnostic results by kit in natural heat after 12 hrs in Hanwoo cows were showed 31.3~75.0% on positive in first heat detection and 33.3~100.0% on positve in second heat detection. In the $1^{st}$ positive results were significant different (p<0.05), but $2^{nd}$ positive were not. The results of heat detection showed different result on regional influence and individual cow effects. The pregnancy rates of first trial of heat detection were showed 34.4~78.7% on positive and 21.3~68.8% on negative after the diagnosis by heat detection kit. And the pregnancy rates of next trial of heat detection were showed 33.3~85.7% on positive and 14.3~66.6% on negative after the heat diagnosis. Both positive results of first trial and next trial also were showed significant different (p<0.05), but negative results were not. In positive result, first trial of total pregnancy rates was higher than the next trial of pregnancy, but there showed opposite results on negative results. In conclusion, the optimal heat detection kit is suitable to ordinary Hanwoo cows and it suggested that we have to improve the kit's accuracy by detecting the materials like proteins related optimal AI time.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bST treatment on progesteron concentration, embryo recovery and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Donor cows were superovulated with Folltropin-V and PGF₂ α combination method and then inseminated with frozen semen 3 times 12 hrs interval. Donor and recipient cows were assigned to control and bST group, of which was given a single injection of bST (500 ㎎, sc) at insemination or estrus detection. Embryo collection of superovulated cows were flushed nonsurgical method at 7 to 8 days after artificial insemination. (omitted)

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2002

These studies were carried out to establish an effective in vivo embryo transfer methods in Hanwoo by analyzing several factors that influence this process. In an embryo transfer, recipients with grade A corpus luteum of the right ovary and that of grade B of the left one showed a higher pregnancy rate(p<0.1) than others. The pregnancy rates of frozen embryos were significantly lower(P<0.01) than those of fresh ones; the former resulting in 35% and the latter resulting in 56.2%. Transfer of embryos according to the estrus cycle(6.0 ∼ 9.0 days) did not show a significant difference in pregnancy rate with fresh embryos recording 45.4 ∼65.7% and frozen ones recording 22.0 ∼ 50.0%. According to the status of corpus luteum and embryo freezing or not, the pregnancy rate was higher on grade A corpus luteum with 40.8 ∼67.9% than B and C which ranged from 25.0∼56.0%. The results of embryo transfer according to the development stage and grade of embryos showed that regardless of the embryo's grade. transfer of morula recorded an average pregnancy rate of 46.3%. This results higher than the transfer of blastocyst which was 34.1%.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

This work was conducted to study the improvement of reproduction rate from the breeding data collected from four farms from January 2007 to October 2010. The average numbers of service per conception were 1) A farm $1.7{\pm}0.1$ times, 2) B farm $1.5{\pm}0.1$ times, 3) C farm $1.5{\pm}0.1$ times, 4) D farm $1.4{\pm}0.1$ times. The average days from calving to conception was $77.4{\pm}4.8$ days in A farm, $150.8{\pm}11.2$ days in B farm, $90.4{\pm}4.5$ days in C farm, and $71.4{\pm}2.5$ days in D farm. Number of artificial insemination (AI) service per conception was higher at the 30 days before first AI ($2.1{\pm}0.2$ times) than at the 31 days after first AI, and the days from calving to conception were shorter at the 90 days before first AI than at the 91 days after first AI. After timed AI (TAI) treatment, the pregnancy rate was 60.3% for the 58 cows with reproductive disorder. In order to improvement of reproduction rates, the farms has to improve the accuracy of estrus detection, pregnancy diagnosis, check-up for reproductive health, and control of day for first AI periods after calving. The result suggests that farmers need the careful management and reproductive examination of farm animals to improve of reproductive efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rbST treatment on progesterone concentration, volume of luteal tissue and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Recipient cows were assigned to control and rbST group, of which was given a single injection of rbST (500 mg. sc) at estrus detection. The concentration of progesterone was not significantly different between control and at 0, 3, 6 days after rbST treatment. However, the concentration of progesterone at 9, 12 days was significantly higher than in control group (4.6 and 6.8 vs. 3.9 and 4.5 ng/ml P4). The pregnancy rate after embryo transfer in rbST treatment was significantly higher than in control group (64.0 vs. 47.1 %; p<0.05). The results indicated that rbST treatment in recipient cows could be improved the efficiency of pregnancy rate after embryo transfer.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2009

As a simple and economical method for in vitro produced embryos, we have used BSA instead of serum for the production and embryo transfer of Hanwoo in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos and obtained the following results: 1) When using serum (FBS; fetal bovine serum) or BSA-containing culture media as the initial culture media for immature oocytes, it is regarded as inappropriate to add only BSA to the culture solutions from maturation of the immature oocytes to development stage culture, but serum still needs be added though there is no significant difference in the concentration, with a change from 5% to 10%. 2) The results of culturing IVF embryos after development (4 cell stage) in the Medium199 solutions containing BSA instead of serum (FBS) showed that 0.3% BSA concentration is not optimal and 0.5% or higher BSA concentration has no significant difference among 0.5%, 0.7%, 1% and 2% (p > 0.05). 3) The post-freezing survival ratio after development in 5% FBS-Medium199 showed that 1% BSA concentration of the culture solution is the most suitable in the BSA concentrations of 0.3% (51%), 0.5% (67%), 0.7% (69%), 1% (77%) and 2% (75%). 4) The pregnancy rates of the transplanted fresh(not frozen) blastocyst had no significant concentration dependency (p > 0.5), and the average pregnancy rate was 63.8%. 14% of overweight calves were found among the calves given birth to by the transfer of IVF blastocysts cultured in the serum-added culture solution, but none was found in the experimental groups in which BSA was added instead of serum.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 1998

This study was to investigate whether the viability of Hanwoo IVM/IVF/IVC blastocysts was maintained after vitrification and thawing. In vitro produced Hanwoo blastocysts were vitrified by two-step method: equilibrated in EG20 for 3 min, and then exposed in EFS40 ［40% ethylene glycol (EG), 18% ficoll and 10.26% sucrose in mDPBS containing 10% FBS ］and vitrified in L$N_2$for 30 - 45 sec. After thawing, in vitro survival was assessed as the re-expanded and hatched rates at 24 hand 48 h, respectively. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: From the 12 replicates, 52.5% of Hanwoo blastocysts were produced in vitro at day 7 after IVF. When the effects of freezing solution to the embryo survival were examined, there is no significant toxicity in exposure (100.0, 73.8%) compared to that af control group (100.0, 87.0%). However, when embryos were vitrified, high survival (86.2, 55.4%) was obtained although it was significantly lower than those of exposure and control group (p＜0.05). When the in vitro survival of vitrified embryos according to developmental stage and culture day were examined, it showed that more advanced embryo stage exhibited a significantly higher survival rate irrespective of culture day (p＜0.05). Also, even in the same development stage, the in vitro survival of day 7 embryos (re-expanded: 75.0~87.5%, hatched: 21.4~66.7%) was higher than those of day 8 embryos(re-expanded: 58.6~78.3%, hatched: 10.3~52.2%). Therefore, these results suggested that in vitro produced Hanwoo blastocysts can be successfully cryopreserved by simple two-step vitrification method using EFS40 freezing solution, particularly at the expanded and early hatching blastocyst stage regardless of embryo culture duration (day 7 or day 8 after IVF).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was carried out to determine the possibility of continued embryo collection by repeatable superovulation from a Hanwoo elite cow, who was already estimated to an elite cow by DNA analysis. The donor cow was superovulated with Folltropin-V and PG $F_2$$\alpha$ combination method for 5 times, 2 months interval during 10 months. The estrus cows were inseminated with frozen semen 3 times 12 hrs interval. Embryo collection from superovulated cows was flushed non-surgical method at 7 to 8 days after artificial insemination. The superovulated cow was collected from 1 to 5$^{th}$ times as total (14, 4, 10, 6, 9 embryos; total 30 embryos) and transferable embryos (7, 4, 10, 3, 6; Mean$\pm$S.E : 6.0$\pm$2.7 embryos). Seventeen recipients were transferred 24 embryos and then detected to pregnant 10 recipients after embryo transfer (58.8%; 10/17 recipients) The results indicated that the possibility of repeatable superovulation from elite donor cow for embryo transfer could be confirmed in this study, although the replicated number was not enough.