• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.424-431
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• 2008

Streptomycin, which is one of aminoglycoside antibiotics, has been widely used in the rearing of food-producing animals to prevent and treat diseases in cattle, pigs and poultry. Although not licensed in South Korea, streptomycin has also been used for the treatment of bacterial honeybee disease, such as European foulbrood in Third World countries. A reliable and effective method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of streptomycin in honey. A established method was optimized the clean-up and extraction procedure for the trace determination, good precision and accuracy. And the chromatographic and tandem mass spectrometric parameters were also optimized. The precision (RSD) and accuracy (bias) in the concentration range of 5.0~50.0 ug/kg were 5.5~14% and -10.0~8.0%, respectively. Limit of detection was 0.75 ug/kg and recovery of streptomycin spiked at level of 10 ug/kg in honey was 74%. The established and validated method was applied to determine streptomycin in honey which was on the market.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2023

Fine dust has emerged as seriously hazardrous particles, which can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we have developed a natural complex extract consisted of Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Trautv., Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer in the ratio of 3 : 5 : 2, which have a beneficial effect on respiratory system. In this study, simultaneous quantitative analysis of marker compounds, lobetyolin, platycodin D, and glycyrrhizic acid in the natural complex extract was developed and validated with high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. The marker compounds were shown in a large linearity with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 1.000. The limit of detection (LOD) of lobetyolin, platycodin D and glycyrrhizic acid were 5.40 ㎍/mL, 3.94 ㎍/mL and 5.86 ㎍/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of lobetyolin, platycodin D and glycyrrhizic acid were 16.36 ㎍/mL, 11.94 ㎍/mL and 17.75 ㎍/mL, respectively. The content analysis revealed that the amounts of lobetyolin, platycodin D, and glycyrrhizic acid were 0.039±0.013 mg/g, 0.337±0.048 mg/g, and 1.171±0.003 mg/g, respectively, in the natural complex extract. Therefore, these results could be used as basic data for the standardization and quality control of the natural complex extract.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2023

Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetable worldwide. In this study, we tried to suggest the possibility of Cheongyang pepper as a functional cosmetic material by identifying the physiological activity, especially antioxidant and whitening effects of Cheongyang pepper through bibliometric analysis and experimental studies. A bibliometric analysis was performed through co-word analysis of 8,892 papers retrieved from SCOPUS. 4 research fields were obtained by cluster mapping from VOSviewer software, among which we noted the antioxidant activity of extracts from Capsicum annum L.. Phenol as a useful ingredient of Cheongyang pepper was analyzed using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). Antioxidant and whitening effects were evaluated by measuring DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Cheongyang pepper extract showed contents of 0.106 ± 0.01 and 0.105 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, in the order of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid. The extract exhibited 56.95% DPPH scavenging activity and 43.97% hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. In addition, 1,000 ㎍/ml of the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity by 52.44% and 42.61%, respectively in a whitening efficacy test using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine) as substrates. These results suggest that Cheongyang pepper extract and its active ingredients have antioxidant and whitening effects, and the possibility of future development as a whitening functional cosmetic material.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2022

Ganghwaljetongyeum (GHJTY) is a complex herbal decoction comprising 18 plants; it is used to treat arthritis. In order to develop a new anti-arthritic herbal medication, we selected 5 out of 18 GHJTY plants by using bioinformatics analysis. The new medication, called ChondroT, comprised water extracts of Osterici Radix, Lonicerae Folium, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Clematidis Radix, and Phellodendri Cortex. This study was designed to investigate its chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects to develop an anti-arthritic herb medicine. ChondroT was validated using a convenient and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography. photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection method for simultaneous determination of its seven reference components. The concentrations of the seven marker constituents were in the range of 0.81-5.46 mg/g. The chondroprotective effects were evaluated based on SW1353 chondrocytes and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of ChondroT were studied by Western blotting of pro-inflammatory enzymes and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. ChondroT enhanced the growth of SW1353 chondrocytes and also significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced MMP-1 expression. However, ChondroT did not show any effects on the growth of HeLa and RAW264.7 cells. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells, which was significantly decreased by pre-treatment with ChondroT. In addition, ChondroT reduced the activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results show that ChondroT exerted a chondroprotective effect and demonstrated multi-target mechanisms related to inflammation and arthritis. In addition, the suppressive effect was greater than that exhibited by GHJTY, suggesting that ChondroT, a new complex herbal medication, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2024

In this study, as a result of exploring the physiological activity of plants useful for agriculture on various plant resources, it was possible to confirm an activity similar to auxin that promotes plant rooting in methanol extract of Cinnamon Bark (cortex of Cinnamomum cassia J.Presl). After separating the active body by applying column chromatography and HPLC to the CHCl3 active fraction obtained by solvent extraction for each polarity from the methanol extract of cinnamon bark, cinnamyl alcohol was identified through GC/MS analysis. By bioassay using cinnamyl alcohol standard and the active fraction separated and purified from the methanol extract of cinnamon bark, the rooting rate of mung bean seedlings of the cinnamyl alcohol standard was 290% compared with the untreated control at 134.2 ㎍/mL concentration, and the adventitious root formation activity similar to the rooting rate (268.6%; 100 ㎍/mL) of the active fraction was shown. In conclusion, it is believed that cinnamyl alcohol contained in methanol extract of Cinnamon Bark is the main compound that induces adventitious root formation in mung bean.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2024

The antioxidant potentials of ethanolic extracts derived from Aster yomena (A. yomena) were evaluated by assessing their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and radical scavenging activities. Our findings revealed that the 60% ethanolic extract of A. yomena exhibited the most robust antioxidant properties among all extracts tested. Specifically, the IC₅₀ values for the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities of the 60% ethanolic extract from A. yomena were determined to be 1,640.30 ㎍/mL and 2,655.10 ㎍/mL, respectively. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on malondialdehyde increased with the 60% ethanolic extract from A. yomena. To assess the neuroprotective effects, we examined the impact of the 60% ethanolic extract from A. yomena against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in HT-22 (mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line) and SK-N-MC (human neuroblastoma cell line) cells. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in cell viability and reduced intracellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, the major bioactive compounds present in the 60% ethanolic extract from A. yomena were identified as chlorogenic acid and rutin through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 2024

Background: The biological activity and pharmacological effects of rare ginsenosides have been proven to be superior to those of the major ginsenosides, but they are rarely found in ginseng. Methods: Ginsenoside Rb1 was chemically transformed with the involvement of methanol molecules by a synthesized heterogeneous catalyst 12-HPW@MeSi, which was obtained by the immobilization of 12-phosphotungstic acid on a mesoporous silica framework. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify the transformation products. Results: A total of 18 transformation products were obtained and identified. Methanol was found to be involved in the formation of 8 products formed by the addition of methanol molecules to the C-24 (25), C-20 (21) or C-20 (22) double bonds of the aglycone. The transformation pathways of ginsenoside Rb1 involved deglycosylation, addition, elimination, cycloaddition, and epimerization reactions. These pathways could be elucidated in terms of the stability of the generated carbenium ion. In addition, 12-HPW@MeSi was able to maintain a 60.5% conversion rate of Rb1 after 5 cycles. Conclusion: Tandem and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis allowed rapid and accurate identification of the transformation products through the characteristic fragment ions and neutral loss. Rare ginsenosides with methoxyl groups grafted at the C-25 and C-20 positions were obtained for the first time by chemical transformation using the composite catalyst 12-HPW@MeSi, which also enabled cyclic heterogeneous transformation and facile centrifugal separation of ginsenosides. This work provides an efficient and recyclable strategy for the preparation of rare ginsenosides with the involvement of organic molecules.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

Previously, we showed that a chronic-low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure resulted in histological changes with sexually dimorphic pattern in rat adrenal glands. We hypothesized that such structural changes are closely related to the hormonal secretory patterns. To test this hypothesis, we developed the short-term adrenal incubation method, and measured the levels of catecholamines and cortical steroids using the high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The norepinephrine (NE) levels in media from NP-treated female adrenal, except 100 pM NP, were significantly increased [control (CTL) vs 1 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.01]. The NE secretion from male adrenal was higher when treated with 100 nM and 1 µM NP (CTL vs 100 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.05, respectively). The aldosterone level in the female adrenal media treated with 100 pM NP was significantly decreased, on the other hand, that of media treated with 10 nM NP was significantly increased (CTL vs 100 pM NP, p<0.05; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.01). In male adrenal media, the aldosterone levels of 10 nM, 100 nM and 1 µM NP-treated media were significantly declined (CTL vs 10 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.001). These results showed the NP treatment altered secretory pattern of aldosterone from adrenals of both sexes, showing sexual dimorphism. It may be helpful for understanding possible adrenal pathophysiology, and endocrine disrupting chemicals-related sexually dimorphic phenomena in adrenals.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-73
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• 1991

To elucidate enzymatic properties of $\alpha$-galactosidases (EC3, 2, 1, 22) from germinated soybean and Aspergillus niger changes in the enzyme activities and oligosaccharide contents during germination of soybean were determined and $\alpha$-galactosidases from germinated soybean and wheat bran culture of Aspergillus niger were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Their chemical and enzymatic properties were investigated and the results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. $\alpha$-Galactosidase activity of soybean was maximized when it was germinated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 120 hours. And raffinose and stachyose in soybean were decomposed completely after 96 hours and 120 hours of germination, respectively. 2. The highest level of $\alpha$-Galactosidase activity was obtained when Aspergillus niger was grown on wheat bran medium at $30^{\circ}C$ for 96 hours. 3. Soybean $\alpha$-galactosidase was purified by 6.6 fold by ammonium slufate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex A-50., and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Its specific activity was 825 units/mg protein and the yield was 2.5% of the total activity of crude extracts. 4. Aspergillus niger $\alpha$-galactosidase was purified by 23.7 fold. Its specific activity was 1,229 units/mg protein and the yield was 14% of the total activity of wheat bran culture. 5. The purified $\alpha$-galactosidases of soybean and Aspergillus niger were found to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by HPLC. 6. Chemical properties of the purified $\alpha$-galactosidases were : 1) The soybean $\alpha$-galactosidase was monomeric and its molecular weight was estimated to be 30,000 by SDS-PAGE whereas the Aspergillus niger $\alpha$-galactosidase was a tetrameric glycoprotein which consisted of identical subunits with molecular weight of 28,000 each.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.244-252
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• 2005

This study was performed far development of new analytical method of beet red in foods. In this study, analysis of beet red in foods has been carried out by detection of betanine and isobetanine, the main color component of beet red as indicator compounds. The qualitative analysis technique consisted of clean-up of the colors with a $C_{18}$ cartridge, separation of the colors by cellulose TLC plate using acetone:3-methyl-1-butanol:distilled water (7:7:6) as a solvent system. Also, the quantitative analysis was performed using X-terra RP at wavelength 538 nm and $0.1\%$ phosphoric acid : methanol (90:10) as a solvent. The quantitative results of beet .ed were as follows:900.22$\∼$27701.60 $\mu$g/g for 60 item in nutrient supplement food, $21.95\∼713.40{\mu}g/g$ for 30 items and N.D. for 18 items in cindy, and $155.85{\∼}505.37{\mu}g/g$ for 12 items in ice creams, $43.52\∼64.75{\mu}g/g$ for 18 items and N.D. for 54 item in sauce, N.D. for 12 items in retort food.