• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.239-241
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• 2012

Iron availability is limited in the environment and most bacteria have developed a system to acquire iron from host hemoproteins. Heme oxygenase plays an important role by degrading heme group and releasing the essential nutrient iron. The structure of Bacillus subtilis HmoB was determined to 2.0 ${\AA}$ resolution. B. subtilis HmoB contains a typical antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase (ABM) domain that spans from 71 to 146 residues and belongs to the IsdG family heme oxygenases. Comparison of HmoB and IsdG family proteins showed that the C-terminal region of HmoB has similar sequence and structure to IsdG family proteins and contains conserved critical residues for heme degradation. However, HmoB is distinct from other IsdG family proteins in that HmoB is about 60 amino acids longer in the N-terminus and does not form a dimer whereas previously studied IsdG family heme oxygenases form functional homodimers. Interestingly, the structure of monomeric HmoB resembles the dimeric structure of IsdG family proteins. Hence, B. subtilis HmoB is a heme oxygenase with a novel structural feature.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.102-123
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• 1993

This study investigates effcts of HMO internal structural arrangements on performance, specially cost reduction measured by hospitalization rate. This study formulates formalization, centralization measured by decision-making participation, differentiation, and coordination as structural factors, considering coordination as an intermediate factor between the rest of structural factors and hospitalization rate. The commonly used HMO types is assumed not effective in explaining performance differences. For the empirical test, I use bootstrap regression analyses with 48 HMOs. The results of the analyses show that HMO types fail to explain differences in hospitalization rate. However, dicision-making participation and differention effectively reduce hospiatalization rate, while frmalization increases hospitalization rate and coordination has nonessential effect on hospitalization rate. And, formalization and decision-making participation positively contribute to achieve coordination in HMO. These findings suggest that the theoretical framework derived from rational-citingency theory of formal organization better explains performance differences of HMOs than HMO types.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.592-596
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• 2014

HMO-2011, a recently isolated lytic phage that infects the SAR116 bacterial clade, represents one of the most abundant phage types in the oceans. In this study, the HMO-2011 genome sequence was compared with virome sequences obtained from various depths of the Pacific Ocean regions using metagenome binning. HMO-2011 was confirmed to be one of the most highly assigned viruses, with a maximum of 7.6% of total reads assigned. The HMO-2011-type phages demonstrated a depth-specific distribution, showing more abundance in the euphotic zone of coastal, transition, and open ocean regions as compared with the dark ocean.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.528-536
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• 2016

Although many fungicides are registered for use to control powdery mildew on cucurbits, management of resistance to fungicides in pathogen populations still remains a major challenge. Two biopesticides Regalia SC and HMO 736 were evaluated in the greenhouse and field for their efficacy against powdery mildew in squash. In greenhouses, Regalia SC alone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced powdery mildew compared to the nontreated control, and was as effective as the chemical standard Procure 480SC (triflumizole). In alternation with Procure 480SC, Regalia SC demonstrated greater or equivalent effects on reducing the disease. HMO 736 alone showed varying levels of disease control, but alternating with Procure 480SC significantly improved control efficacy. In addition, application of Regalia SC or HMO 736 each in alternation with Procure 480SC significantly increased the chlorophyll content in leaves and the total fresh weight of squash plants, when compared with the water control, Regalia SC and HMO 736 alone. In field trials, application of Regalia SC and HMO 736 each alone significantly reduced disease severity in one of two field trials during the early stage of disease development, but not during later stages when disease pressure became high. Both Regalia SC and HMO 736 each applied in alternation with Procure 480SC significantly improved the control efficacy compared to Procure 480SC alone. Results from this study demonstrated that an integrated management program can be developed for powdery mildew in squash by integrating the biopesticides Regalia SC, HMO 736 with the chemical fungicide Procure 480SC.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Human milk is frequently the only food source for a newborn during the initial stage of life after birth. Milk provides not only the nutrients necessary for the infant's growth, but also ingredients that may enable the infant to thrive. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are considered to be these beneficial ingredients for the health of infant. It has been reported that around 5 to 10 g unbound oligosaccharides and around 20 to over 130 different HMO are present in 1L of human milk. The suggested health mechanisms of HMO's roles in host defense are 1) blocking bacterial adhesions, 2) binding to a toxin receptor on the extracellular domain, and 3) postbiotic effect resulting from the increase of probiotics such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. Among the prebiotic oligosaccharides, mixtures of long chain fuetooligosaccharides (10%) and galactooligosaccharides (90%) in infant formula are demonstrated to increase the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli to the levels seen in human milk fed infants.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 1979

The frontier orbital energy, superdelocalizability and charge density of a series of benzologous pyridine ligands have been calculated by using HMO. According to ${\Delta}E_{\pi}$ of ligands on the basis of the above results, it is concluded that the stabilities are in the order of 1,10-Phen > 4,5-Phen > 1,5-Phen > 8-Hox > Hox-azoquinolinato. And also, the reactivities of electrophilic, nucleophilic and radical reaction, and bond strength have been respectively studied by superdelocalizabilities and charge densities.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1980

The frontier electron densities and pK values for benzologous pyridine ligands are calculated using the HMO. Linear regression formula for pK in protonation of ligands is derived from the electron densities and observed pK values. The calculated pK values are in agreement with those of experimental values and a parallelism is shown between pK and qN. The reactivities for electrophilic, nucleophilic and radical reactions have also been calculated respectively by frontier electron densities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 1991

The tautomerism in 3-phenyl-4-arylazo-5-isoxazolones 1 was examined by $^1H-NMR$ spectra of $^15N-labeled$ compound and by HMO method. Both spectra data $(^1H-NMR\;and\;IR)$ and bonding energies are in support of the assignment of the hydrazone structure to such compounds. It is further shown that intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bondings favor the hydrazone tautomer.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2006

The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and the counter ion binding constants (B) in a micellar state of the mixed surfactant systems of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) with polyoxyethylene(4) lauryl ether (Brij 30) in water were determined as a function of 1 (the overall mole fraction of DBS) by the use of electric conductivity method and surface tensiometer method from 288 K to 308 K. Various thermodynamic parameters (Smo, Hmo, and Gmo) for the micellization of DBS/Brij 30 mixtures were calculated and analyzed from the temperature dependence of CMC values. The measured values of Gomare all negative but the values of Smo are positive in the whole measured temperature region. On the other hand, the values of Hmo are positive or negative, depending on the measured temperature and 1.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 1995

A probability identification matrix of acidophilic Streptomyces was constructed. The phenetic data of the strains were derived from numerical classification described by Seong et al. The minimum number of diagnostic characters was determined using computer programs for calculation of different separation indices. The resulting matrix consisted of 25 clusters versus 53 characters. Theoretical evaluation of this matrix was achieved by estimating the chuster overlap and the identification scores for the Hypothetical Median Organisms (HMO) and for the representatives of each cluster. Cluster overlap was found to be relatively small. Identification scores for the HMO and the randomly selected representatives of each cluster were satisfactory. The matrix was assessed practically by applying the matrix to the identification of unknown isolates. Of the unknown isolates, 71.9% were clearly identified to one of eight clusters. The numerical classification data was also used to design a selective isolation medium for antibiotic-producing organisms. Four chemical substances including 2 antibiotics were determined by the DLACHAR program as diagnostic for the isolation of target organisms which have antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus. It was possible to detect the increased rate of selective isolation on the synthesized medium. Theresults show that the numerical phenetic data can be applied to a variety of purposes, such as construction of identification matrix and selective isolation medium for acidophilic antinomycetes.